Guidance

UK ancestry (accessible)

Updated 11 November 2025

Version 21.0

This document provides guidance for decision makers on how to consider applications for entry clearance, permission to stay or settlement on the UK Ancestry route. It is based on the Immigration Rules: Appendix UK Ancestry.

1. About this guidance

This guidance tells decision makers how to consider applications for entry clearance, permission to stay or settlement on the UK Ancestry route.

The guidance must be read in conjunction with Immigration Rules: Appendix UK Ancestry and any other Rules or guidance referred to in this document.

There is separate guidance for considering applications from dependants on the UK Ancestry route. See:

• Dependent family members in work routes
• Appendix Children guidance
• Relationship with a partner guidance

1.1 Contacts

If you have any questions about the guidance and your entry clearance manager or senior caseworker cannot help you or you think that the guidance has factual errors, then you should contact the Economic Migration Policy Team for advice.

If you are a Border Force officer, you should discuss first with your line manager or senior officer. If they cannot provide an answer, you should contact your Regional Command and Control Unit and, if necessary, they will contact Border Force National Command Centre.

If you notice any formatting errors in this guidance (broken links, spelling mistakes and so on) or have any comments about the layout or navigability of the guidance then you can email the Guidance Review, Atlas and Forms team.

1.2 Publication

Below is information on when this version of the guidance was published:

• version 21.0
• published for Home Office staff on 11 November 2025

1.3 Changes from last version of this guidance

This version replaces version 20.0 (published on 13 December 2023). It has been updated to:

• reflect a minor change to the validity rules for applicants applying for permission to stay that came into effect on 25 January 2024 (Statement of Changes HC 246, 7 December 2023) – the relevant rule clarifies that applicants applying for permission to stay must be in the UK on the date of application
• reflect the introduction of Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules from 11 November 2025 – this incorporates provisions previously contained in Part 9 and paragraph 39E of the Immigration Rules (Statement of Changes HC 1333, 14 October 2025)
• remove the concessions for citizens of Gabon, Togo and Eswatini – these are no longer required as Schedule 3 to the British Nationality Act 1981 has since been updated to include these countries
• clarify that the UK does not include the Crown Dependencies and what to do if you suspect an applicant is not in the UK on the date of application
• reflect that the Immigration Advice Authority (IAA) has replaced the Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC)
• remove references to the Case Information Database (CID), as this system is no longer used for case working
• provide further clarification on how an applicant can meet the continuous residence requirement when applying for settlement
• reflect the continuing roll-out of eVisas and the decommissioning of vignettes
• remove reference to landing cards, as these are no longer used
• make other minor drafting amendments, minor clarifications and housekeeping changes

1.4 Related external links

Dependent family members in work routes: caseworker guidance

Appendix Children: caseworker guidance

Relationship with a partner: caseworker guidance

Schedule 3 to the British Nationality Act 1981

2. Key facts

The table below summarises the key facts for the UK Ancestry route. Click on the links for further information.

2.1 Validity requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay

The applicant must:

• apply online on the correct specified application form on GOV.UK (see application forms)
• pay the correct application fee and Immigration Health Charge in full
• provide their biometric information when required
• provide a passport or other travel document which satisfactorily establishes their identity and nationality
• be a Commonwealth citizen
• if applying for entry clearance, be aged 17 or over on the date of their intended arrival in the UK
• if applying for permission to stay, must:
  • be in the UK on the date of application
  • have previously been granted permission on the UK Ancestry route

2.2 Suitability requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay

The applicant must:

• not fall for refusal under Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules
• if applying for permission to stay, not be:
  • in breach of immigration laws, except that where the ‘Exceptions for overstayers’ section of Part Suitability applies, that period of overstaying will be disregarded
  • on immigration bail

2.3 Eligibility requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay

The applicant must:

• provide proof they have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands
• meet the financial requirement (have enough money to support and accommodate themselves and any family members in the UK)
• be able to work and intend to seek and take employment in the UK
• if aged under 18 on the date of application, meet the parent consent requirement

2.4 Application forms

• Entry Clearance – apply online using form UK Ancestry, right of abode or returning residents visa
• Permission to stay – apply online using form FLR(IR)
• Settlement – apply online using form SET(O)

2.5 Cost of application

For information on cost of applications see: UK visa fees

2.6 Entry clearance mandatory?

Yes

2.7 Is biometric information required?

Yes

2.8 Immigration Health Charge payable?

Yes (for entry clearance and permission to stay applications)

2.9 Condition code of entry clearance or permission to stay

Code 1

2.10 Entry clearance endorsement (where the applicant is issued with a short-term vignette as well as an eVisa – see Grant or refuse entry clearance for more details)

Main applicant:

• D: UK ANCESTRY. – Employment. Work permitted. No public funds

Dependants:

• D: UK ANCESTRY – Partner. Work permitted. No public funds
• D: UK ANCESTRY – Child. Work permitted. No public funds

2.11 Conditions of entry clearance or permission to stay

• No access to public funds
• Employment permitted (including self-employment and voluntary work)
• Study is allowed - subject to the requirement to obtain an Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) certificate if required by Immigration Rules: Appendix ATAS

2.12 How long is entry clearance or permission to stay granted for?

5 years

2.13 Are dependants allowed?

Yes – partners and children can accompany or join the main applicant.

2.14 Work and study allowed?

Yes – see under ‘Conditions of entry clearance or permission to stay’

2.15 Is switching to this route allowed?

No – applicants must have entered the UK with a valid UK Ancestry entry clearance or have previously been granted permission on this route

2.16 Does time spent on this route lead to settlement?

Yes, after 5 years’ continuous residence on this route. There is no qualifying period for dependants

2.17 Is knowledge of language and life required?

Yes, for settlement applications, unless exempt

2.18 Immigration Rules

Immigration Rules: Appendix UK Ancestry

3. Definitions

The table below gives a list of terms frequently used in this guidance and their definitions.

For the full list of definitions used in the Immigration Rules see: paragraph 6.2 (the interpretation section) of the Rules.

3.1 Born in the UK or Islands

Means born in one of the following circumstances:

• in the UK (England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland)
• in the Channel Islands (the Bailiwick of Guernsey or the Bailiwick of Jersey)
• in the Isle of Man
• in what is now Ireland, if they were born before 31 March 1922
• on a British-owned or registered ship or aircraft if the requirements of either section 50(7)(a) of the British Nationality Act 1981
• section 32(5) of the British Nationality Act 1948 as applicable are met

3.2 Commonwealth citizen

See Commonwealth citizenship requirement.

3.3 Employment

This includes paid and unpaid employment, paid and unpaid work placements undertaken as part of a course or period of study, self-employment and engaging in business or in any professional activity.

3.4 eVisa

A digital record of a person’s identity and immigration permission, including the duration and conditions of their permission to enter or stay in the UK.

3.5 Grandparent

This includes the applicant’s biological grandparent or grandparent by reason of an adoption recognised by the laws of the UK relating to adoption.

3.6 Permission

This means ‘permission to enter’ or ‘permission to stay’.

3.7 Permission to enter

This has the same meaning as ‘leave to enter’ under the Immigration Act 1971.

3.8 Permission to stay

This has the same meaning as ‘leave to remain’ under the Immigration Act 1971 (and includes a variation of leave to enter or remain and an extension of leave to enter or remain).

3.9 Person with UK Ancestry

This means a person applying for, or granted, permission on the basis that they have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands and meet the requirements in Appendix UK Ancestry, or under paragraphs 186 to 193 in Part 5 of the Rules in force before 1 December 2020.

3.10 Relevant case working database

This means Proviso or Atlas, as appropriate.

3.11 Settlement

This has the same meaning as ‘indefinite leave to enter’ or ‘indefinite leave to remain’.

3.12 UK Ancestry route

This means the route in Appendix UK Ancestry to the Immigration Rules, or paragraphs 186 to 199B in Part 5 of the Rules in force before 1 December 2020.

3.13 Related external links

Archive: Immigration Rules

4. Overview of the UK Ancestry route

This section tells you what the UK Ancestry route is and gives an overview of the qualifying requirements.

4.1 What is the UK Ancestry route?

The UK Ancestry route allows Commonwealth citizens who can prove they have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands to live and work in the UK.

Applicants must be aged at least 17 on the date of their intended arrival in the UK. Applicants aged under 18 must meet a ‘parental consent’ requirement. There is no upper age limit for this route.

Applicants must be able and intend to work in the UK to qualify on this route. Applicants granted permission on this route can do any kind of work, at any skill or salary level, including full-time or part-time work, self-employment or voluntary work. See the conditions of stay section for further information.

Applicants must be able to maintain and accommodate themselves and any dependants accompanying or joining them in the UK, without access to public funds. See the Financial requirement guidance for further information.

Entry clearance on this route is granted for 5 years. At the end of the 5-year period, the applicant can apply for settlement if they meet the relevant requirements. Alternatively, they can apply for an extension of stay or new entry clearance.

Dependants on the UK Ancestry route

A person with UK Ancestry can be accompanied or joined by their eligible dependants (partner and children). Dependants do not have to be Commonwealth citizens.

Dependants do not have to complete a qualifying period on this route and are eligible to apply for settlement as soon as the person with UK Ancestry is eligible for settlement, provided they are eligible to switch and otherwise meet the requirements for dependants.

You must refer to separate guidance for considering applications from dependants:

• Dependent family members in work routes
• Appendix Children guidance
• Relationship with Partner guidance

4.2 Where to find the rules

The relevant Immigration Rules are contained in Appendix UK Ancestry. These replaced the UK Ancestry provisions previously in Part 5 of the Rules for all applications for entry clearance, permission to stay or settlement submitted on or after 1 December 2020.

There were no significant policy changes between the deletion of the Part 5 provisions and the introduction of Appendix UK Ancestry. You can view a summary of the minor differences between Appendix UK Ancestry and the Part 5 provisions in archived versions of this guidance.

Time spent in the UK under the Part 5 UK Ancestry provisions counts towards the qualifying period for settlement on this route.

4.3 Structure of Appendix UK Ancestry

Appendix UK Ancestry is divided into 4 main parts:

• entry clearance or permission to stay as a person with UK Ancestry
• settlement as a person with UK Ancestry
• entry clearance or permission to stay for dependants
• settlement for dependants

Each part is further subdivided into the following sections:

• validity requirements
• suitability requirements
• eligibility requirements
• decision (including conditions of stay)

The table below sets out the relevant paragraph numbers for each part and section of Appendix UK Ancestry:

Part	Validity	Suitability	Eligibility	Decision
Entry clearance or permission to stay	UKA 1.1 to UKA 1.6	UKA 2.1 to UKA 2.2	UKA 3.1 to UKA 7.1	UKA 8.1 to UKA 9.2
Settlement	UKA 10.1 to UKA 10.4	UKA 11.1 to UKA 11.2	UKA 12.1 to UKA 16.1	UKA 17.1 to UKA 17.2
Dependants: entry clearance or permission to stay	UKA 18.1 to UKA 18.4	UKA 19.1 to UKA 19.2	UKA 20.1 to UKA 25.3	UKA 26.1 to UKA 27.3
Dependants: settlement	UKA 28.1 to UKA 28.4	UKA 29.1 to UKA 29.2	UKA 30.1 to UKA 35.1	UKA 36.1 to UKA 36.2

4.4 Related external links

UK Ancestry visa (mainstream guidance)

Financial requirement: caseworker guidance

Dependent family members in work routes: caseworker guidance

Appendix Children: caseworker guidance

Relationship with a partner: caseworker guidance

Archive: Immigration Rules

Archived versions of the UK Ancestry casework guidance (National Archives)

5. Considering evidence submitted with applications

This section provides general guidance on considering evidence submitted with a UK Ancestry application, including when to request further information, verification or translation of documents and ensuring a representative is qualified.

5.1 Supporting documents and information

All applicants are required to submit relevant information and supporting documents (such as evidence of their ancestry, intention to work or finances) to show they meet the requirements of the route. The application form provides guidance to applicants on what evidence to submit.

You must review the information on the application form and supporting evidence before deciding whether you are satisfied on the balance of probabilities (that is, whether it is more likely than not) that the applicant meets the requirements of the route.

5.2 Requesting more information

If you need more information, or clarification of certain details, to decide whether an application is valid, or if it meets the suitability and eligibility requirements, you should consider requesting more information. Where possible, you should try to identify all areas where further information is required, so it can be requested at the same time.

When you request further information, you must normally ask the applicant to provide the requested information within 10 working days. If they fail to provide the information within this timescale and without good reason, you should consider the application on the basis of the information they have already provided.

You should not normally request further information if it is clear the application would be rejected or refused even if the applicant were to provide additional information. However, if you refuse an application in these circumstances, you must make it clear in your decision letter that you reserve the right to request further information if the applicant asks for an administrative review.

5.3 Verifying documents

You must conduct verification checks if you have any doubts about whether any supporting document an applicant has submitted is genuine.

If the application falls for refusal on other grounds, you do not need to carry out verification checks, but you must explain in your decision that you reserve the right to carry out checks in any administrative review request.

5.4 Documents not in English or Welsh

All documents submitted with an application should be in English or Welsh. If the applicant submits documents in another language and you are unable to understand or interpret the evidence, you must ask them to submit a certified translation if they have not already provided one with their application. The translation must:

• confirm that it is an accurate translation of the original document
• be dated
• include the full name and signature of the translator or an authorised official of the translation company
• include the translator or translation company’s contact details
• if the applicant is applying for permission to stay or settlement, be certified by a qualified translator and include details of the translator or translation company’s credentials

If the translation does not meet these requirements and you are unable to understand or interpret the document, you may disregard it as evidence. This may result in the application being refused. For example: if you are unable to understand or interpret the applicant’s evidence of ancestry (and they have not provided a suitable translation), you must refuse the application on the basis that you are not satisfied that they have a UK-born grandparent.

For further information on refusals, see: Refusal wordings.

Translation of Welsh documents

Birth, marriage, civil partnership and death certificates issued in Wales are issued either in English only or bilingually (that is, with both Welsh and English printed on the same document). Such documents will therefore not require translation.

If you receive any supporting documentation in Welsh only (for example: an employer’s covering letter) and you and your colleagues are unable to understand Welsh, you must arrange for the document to be translated into English.

Under the Home Office Welsh language scheme, customers living in Wales are entitled to correspond with the Home Office in Welsh. If an applicant writes to you in Welsh, they must receive a reply in Welsh.

The Home Office has a framework agreement with the Big Word translation company to translate material to and from Welsh. The cost of any translation must be met by your unit or directorate.

For guidance on handling correspondence in Welsh and how to procure Welsh translation services, see the ‘How the Welsh language scheme affects you’ page on the intranet hub

5.5 Representatives

If an applicant has a UK-based representative, you must check the representative is qualified to provide immigration or immigration services under Part 5 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 by being one of the following:

• registered with the Immigration Advice Authority (IAA)
• authorised by a designated professional body or a designated regulator:
• the Law Society
  • the Law Society of Scotland
  • the Law Society of Northern Ireland
  • the General Council of the Bar
  • the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives
  • the Faculty of Advocates
  • the General Council of the Bar of Northern Ireland
• exempt from the requirement to be registered or authorised

There is further information on who needs to register with the IAA and the requirements for registration, on the IAA website.

If the representative does not appear to have the appropriate permission to provide immigration advice or immigration services, you must direct all communications to the applicant instead.

For further information on unqualified immigration advisors, see the Unqualified immigration advisors guidance.

5.6 Related external links

Document verification checks: caseworker guidance

Cynllun iaith Gymraeg y Swyddfa Gartref

Home Office Welsh language scheme

Part 5 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999

6. Validity requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay

This section tells you how to assess whether an application for entry clearance or permission to stay on the UK Ancestry route is valid.

6.1 Overview

Before you consider an application for entry clearance or permission to stay on the UK Ancestry route, you must check that it is meets the validity requirements in:

• paragraphs UKA 1.1 to UKA 1.5A of Appendix UK Ancestry (entry clearance or permission to stay)
• paragraphs 34B to 34G in Part 1 of the Immigration Rules (permission to stay applications only)

For guidance on assessing the validity requirements in Part 1 of the Immigration Rules, see: Applications for leave to remain: validation, variation and withdrawal.

The validity requirements in paragraphs UKA 1.1 to UKA 1.5A of Appendix UK Ancestry are that the applicant:

• has completed the specified online application form on the GOV.UK website:
  • for entry clearance form see - UK Ancestry, Right of Abode or Returning Residents visa
  • for permission to stay form see - Application to extend stay in the UK: FLR(IR)
• has paid in full the application fee and the Immigration Health Charge
• has given their biometric information when required – for more information see - Identity checks and biometrics
• has provided a passport or other travel document which satisfactorily establishes their identity and nationality
• is a Commonwealth citizen
• if applying for entry clearance, will be aged 17 or over on the date they intend to arrive in the UK
• if applying for permission to stay, must:
  • be in the UK on the date of application
  • have previously been granted permission on the UK Ancestry route as a person with UK Ancestry – see Switching below for further information

Note that the Commonwealth citizenship, age and switching requirements are validity requirements, rather than eligibility requirements. This means you may reject an application that does not meet these requirements. You must not refuse an application on these grounds.

Further information about these requirements is given in the Commonwealth citizenship requirement section below.

6.2 Commonwealth citizenship requirement

The main applicant must be a Commonwealth citizen on the date you consider whether the application is valid. To meet this requirement, the applicant must be one of the following:

• a British overseas territories citizen
• a British National (Overseas)
• a British Overseas citizen
• a British subject
• a citizen of a country listed in Schedule 3 to the British Nationality Act 1981

The applicant must prove this with a valid UK passport showing they are one of the British nationals above, or a valid passport or travel document issued by a country or territory listed in Schedule 3.

The applicant does not have to have been a Commonwealth citizen from birth – they can qualify if, for example: they have recently naturalised as a Commonwealth citizen or their country has recently been added to Schedule 3 to the British National Act 1981. The Commonwealth citizenship requirement does not apply to dependants on this route.

Citizens of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe officially left the Commonwealth in December 2003. However, it is the stated hope of the UK Government that Zimbabwe will one day re-join the Commonwealth. For this reason, it remains on the list of Commonwealth countries in Schedule 3 to the British Nationality Act 1981 and you must continue to accept applications on the UK Ancestry route from citizens of Zimbabwe.

6.3 Age requirement (entry clearance applications)

If the applicant is applying for entry clearance, they must be aged at least 17 on the date they intend to arrive in the UK.

If the applicant is aged under 17 on the date they apply, you must check their visa application form to see the date they have indicated they will travel to the UK. If they will be under 17 on this date, you may reject the application.

If you accept an application from a person aged under 17 and grant it, you must ensure that their entry clearance is not valid before their 17th birthday.

In any valid application where the applicant is aged under 18, you must check they meet the parental consent requirement before you can grant it.

There is no upper age limit on the UK Ancestry route but, in all cases, the applicant must show they are able to and intend to seek and take employment.

6.4 Requirement to be in the UK on the date of application

If the applicant is applying for permission to stay or settlement, they must be in the UK on the date of application. For the avoidance of doubt, the UK means England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and does not include the Crown Dependencies (Channel Islands or Isle of Man).

When the applicant completes their online application form, they must confirm whether they are in the UK. They will not be able to proceed with their application if they confirm they are not in the UK.

If you have reason to believe the applicant was not in the UK on the date of application (for example: because evidence or information submitted with the application indicates they may be outside the UK), you must make further enquiries. You can do either or both of the following:

• write to the applicant or representative and ask for evidence to show they were in the UK at the time of application
• carry out internal checks to see if the applicant was outside the Common Travel Area when they submitted their application

Official – sensitive: start of section

The information on this page has been removed as it is restricted for internal Home Office use

Official – sensitive: end of section

If, after making these checks, you are not satisfied the applicant was in the UK on the date of application, you may reject the application as invalid. Where it is clear the applicant is intending to live and work in the Crown Dependencies, you may advise them to make an application under the Immigration Rules for the relevant Crown Dependency (each of which has a UK Ancestry route).

Alternatively, if you have reasonable grounds to believe the applicant has deliberately tried to mislead you about their location, you may treat the application as valid and refuse it under suitability grounds on the basis of making false representations. An example of where it may be appropriate to refuse on this basis is where:

• you asked the applicant to clarify their location at the time of application
• the applicant stated they were in the UK
• internal or other checks confirm they were in fact outside the UK at the time

You can make similar checks if you have reason to believe the applicant may have left the Common Travel Area while the application was pending. If checks confirm they have, you must treat the application as withdrawn under paragraph 34K of the Immigration Rules.

6.5 Switching (permission to stay applications)

If the applicant is applying for permission to stay, you must check that they either entered the UK with a valid UK Ancestry entry clearance, or they have previously been granted permission to stay on the UK Ancestry route. This includes permission granted under the UK Ancestry rules in force before 1 December 2020.

If the applicant does not meet this requirement (for example: if they entered as a Visitor and are applying to switch), you must normally reject the application, unless the circumstances merit exercising discretion.

Note that the UK Ancestry rules do not require the applicant’s most recent grant of permission to have been on the UK Ancestry route. For example: a person who entered the UK with UK Ancestry entry clearance and switched to another immigration route would meet this validity requirement and be allowed to switch back to the UK Ancestry route.

There are different switching requirements for dependants on this route –  for further information, see: Dependent family members in work routes.

6.6 Application does not meet all of the validity requirements

Paragraph UKA 1.6 of Appendix UK Ancestry says that an application which does not meet all the validity requirements set out in paragraphs UKA 1.1 to UKA 1.5A may be rejected as invalid and not considered. If the application does not meet all of the validity requirements, you must therefore decide whether to:

• request further information from the applicant to allow them to meet the validity requirements
• give the applicant the opportunity to vary their application if it appears they have applied on the wrong route but may qualify on another route
• allow the applicant more time to comply – for example: if they have been unable to attend a biometric appointment for medical reasons
• reject the application without further consideration and refund the application fee (minus an administration fee)
• exceptionally treat the application as valid and go on to consider whether it meets the suitability and eligibility requirements

If you reject the application, you must tell the applicant why –  for further information and examples, see: Rejection wordings.

Invalid application for entry clearance

Applications for entry clearance on the UK Ancestry route are not currently rejected as invalid overseas for technical reasons. This is linked to the roll-out of the new case working system. The validity rules will be applied to applications made overseas as the technology becomes available.

If you are considering an application for entry clearance which does not meet all of the validity requirements and you are unable to resolve the case as a result, you must contact the Administrative Policy team (copying in the Economic Migration Policy team) for advice on how to proceed.

6.7 If the application is valid

If the application meets all of the validity requirements, or you have otherwise decided to accept the application as valid, you must go on to consider whether it meets the suitability and eligibility requirements for the UK Ancestry route.

6.8 Related external links

Validation, variation and withdrawal of applications: caseworker guidance

Identity checks: caseworker guidance

7. Suitability for the UK Ancestry route

This section tells you about the suitability requirements for the UK Ancestry route.

7.1 Relevant rules

Before you can grant an application on the UK Ancestry route, you must check that the applicant is suitable. The suitability requirements for the UK Ancestry route are set out at the following paragraphs of Appendix UK Ancestry:

• UKA 2.1 – entry clearance and permission to stay
• UKA 2.2 – permission to stay
• UKA 11.1 to 11.2 – settlement

These provisions all cross-refer to Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules. Part Suitability applies to applications decided on or after 11 November 2025, even if the application was made before that date. It replaces and consolidates provisions previously contained in other parts of the Rules, including paragraph 39E (exceptions for overstayers) and Part 9: grounds for refusal.

7.2 All applications

To meet paragraph UKA 2.1 (entry clearance or permission to stay) or UKA 11.1 (settlement), you must check that the applicant does not fall for refusal under any of the grounds in Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules.

For further information and guidance on assessing this requirement, see: Grounds for refusal and cancellation (suitability).

7.3 Permission to stay and settlement

If the applicant is applying for permission to stay (UKA 2.2) or settlement (UKA 11.2), they must not be:

• in the UK in breach of immigration laws, except that where any of the ‘Exceptions for overstayers’ in Part Suitability apply, that period of overstaying will be disregarded – see Applications from overstayers for guidance on this
• on immigration bail

7.4 Applicant is not suitable

If the applicant does not meet the suitability requirements, you must refuse the application. You should still fully consider whether the applicant meets the eligibility requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay, or for settlement, as appropriate. If the applicant also fails under any of the eligibility criteria, you must include these in the refusal notice.

7.5 Related external links

Grounds for refusal: immigration staff guidance

Applications from overstayers: caseworker guidance

Offender management: caseworker guidance

8. Eligibility for entry clearance or permission to stay

This section tells you about the eligibility requirements an applicant must meet to qualify for entry clearance or permission to stay on the UK Ancestry route.

The eligibility requirements for the UK Ancestry route are set out at the following paragraphs of Appendix UK Ancestry:

• UKA 3.1 to UKA 3.2: Entry requirements
• UKA 4.1: Grandparent born in the UK or Islands requirement
• UKA 5.1 to UKA 5.3: Financial requirement
• UKA 6.1: Work requirement
• UKA 7.1: Parental consent requirement (for applicants aged under 18)

8.1 Entry requirements

Entry clearance requirement

Under paragraph UKA 3.1, anyone seeking to enter the UK on the UK Ancestry route must have applied for and been granted, a valid UK Ancestry entry clearance before they arrive in the UK.

If a person arrives at the UK border without the relevant entry clearance, you must refuse permission to enter.

Tuberculosis certificate requirement

If the applicant is applying for entry clearance and they have been living in a country listed in Appendix Tuberculosis (TB) to the Immigration Rules for more than 6 months immediately before their application, they must provide a valid medical certificate, issued by an approved medical practitioner, with their application. This certificate must confirm they have been screened for active pulmonary tuberculosis and that this tuberculosis is not present in the applicant.

If the applicant does not provide a valid certificate as described above, you should refuse the application under paragraph UKA 3.2.

For guidance on which applicants need a tuberculosis certificate and the location of approved test centres, see Tuberculosis tests for visa applicants on GOV.UK.

8.2 UK-born grandparent requirement

The applicant must provide evidence they have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands.

For further information on UK born grandparents, see: UK-born grandparent requirement.

8.3 Work requirement

Applicants on the UK Ancestry route must show they are able to work and intend to seek and take employment in the UK. For guidance on how to assess this requirement, see UK Ancestry work requirement.

8.4 Financial requirement

All applicants on the UK Ancestry route must meet the financial requirement.

There is no set level of funds the applicant must hold but they must show they can maintain and accommodate themselves and any family members applying to join or remain with them in the UK, without access to public funds.

Evidence of finances must be as set out in Immigration Rules: Appendix Finance and be dated no more than 31 days before the date of application.

Applicants can rely on credible support from a third party (for example: a relative or friend) to meet this requirement.

For further information, see the Financial requirement guidance.

8.5 Parental consent requirement

Applicants can qualify for entry clearance on this route if they are aged 17 years or over on the date of their intended arrival in the UK (see Age requirement above).

If the applicant is aged under 18 on the date of application, they must meet the parental consent requirement in paragraph UKA 7.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to paragraphs CHI 5.1 and CHI 5.2 of Appendix Children to the Immigration Rules.

For guidance on assessing this requirement, see the Appendix Children guidance.

8.6 Related external links

Public funds: caseworker guidance

Financial requirement: caseworker guidance

Appendix Children: caseworker guidance

9. UK-born grandparent requirement

This section gives you more information about the requirement for applicants on the UK Ancestry route to have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands.

9.1 Overview

Under paragraph UKA 4.1 (entry clearance or permission to stay) and paragraph UKA 12.1 (settlement), the applicant must provide proof that one of their grandparents was born in the UK or Islands.

The applicant must provide this evidence with their initial application for entry clearance and any subsequent application for entry clearance, permission to stay or settlement on this route.

Under paragraph 6.2 (the interpretation section) of the Rules, “grandparent” means either the applicant’s biological grandparent, or grandparent by reason of a UK-recognised adoption.

There is no requirement for the applicant’s relevant parent or qualifying grandparent to have been married at the time of birth.

An applicant cannot qualify on this route on the basis of having a great-grandparent, or more distant ancestor, born in the UK or Islands.

9.2 Meaning of ‘born in the UK or Islands’

To meet the requirement to have been born in the UK or Islands, the applicant’s qualifying grandparent must have been born in one of the following circumstances:

• in the UK
• in the Channel Islands (Bailiwick of Guernsey or Bailiwick of Jersey)
• in the Isle of Man
• in Ireland (but only if they were born before 31 March 1922)
• on a British-owned or registered ship or aircraft if the requirements of either section 50(7)(a) of the British Nationality Act 1981, or section 32(5) of the British Nationality Act 1948, as applicable, are met

You must refuse the application if the relevant grandparent was born anywhere else, including in a British overseas territory, former British colony or military base overseas.

9.3 If the applicant or parent was adopted

If the applicant or their parent is adopted, the applicant will meet the requirement to have a UK-born grandparent if either or both of the following apply:

• the applicant was legally adopted by someone who has a parent born in the UK or Islands
• one of the applicant’s parents was legally adopted by someone born in the UK or Islands

The adoption must be through an adoption process recognised as valid for the purposes of UK law.

For more information on adoption, see: Nationality policy: adoption.

An applicant cannot claim UK Ancestry through stepparents where no legal adoption has taken place.

9.4 Documentary evidence of ancestry

The applicant must submit enough evidence to prove they have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands. Documentary evidence should normally include:

• the applicant’s full birth certificate showing the name of both of their parents
• the full birth certificate of the parent through whom the applicant is claiming a UK ancestry link
• the birth certificate of the relevant grandparent, clearly showing that they were born in the UK or Islands
• legal adoption papers if the applicant / the applicant’s relevant parent, was adopted
• if the applicant, their parent / grandparent has changed their name since birth, suitable evidence of this – for example - a marriage or civil partnership certificate or deed poll

Since the Immigration Rules do not specify what evidence the applicant must submit, you may be able to accept alternative evidence if the applicant is unable to provide one or more of the documents above. If the applicant submits alternative evidence, you must discuss the case with your entry clearance manager or senior caseworker, who can email the Economic Migration Policy Team for advice if necessary.

The applicant must submit relevant evidence with each application they make on the UK Ancestry route. You must not rely on a previous grant of entry clearance or permission to stay as evidence that a person satisfies the UK-born grandparent requirement.

9.5 Check the documents

You must check that all the documents are genuine and genuinely relate to the applicant. You must:

• cross-check the documents to make sure all the details correspond and show a clear line from applicant to grandparent
• record the birth certificate reference numbers on the relevant case working database
• where possible, check reference numbers and details of documents sent with previous UK Ancestry applications
• search all birth certificate reference numbers on the relevant case working database
• check carefully for any signs a document has been altered or improperly obtained

If system checks show that birth certificates bearing the same nationality and reference numbers have been used before by a different applicant, or if you otherwise have concerns about the genuineness of the documents or if they genuinely relate to the applicant, you must make further checks:

• asking the relevant issuing authority - such as:
  • the General Register Office or equivalent overseas department, to verify the document – for documents issued overseas the relevant entry clearance decision-making centre in the country or region where the document was purportedly issued may be able to assist you in this
• asking the applicant for additional evidence or information
• interviewing the applicant to test their credibility

If you are still in doubt, or if you have difficulty verifying the documents with the issuing authority, contact your local forgery unit or Home Office International Operations.

For more information on checking documents, see: Forgery guidance and Document verification checks

Documents confirmed as false or improperly obtained

You must refuse an application for entry clearance, permission to stay or settlement if checks confirm that the applicant has submitted false documents or false information with their application. This includes where an applicant has submitted:

• a birth certificate / other document relating to their ancestry that has been confirmed as false
• a genuine birth certificate / other document they have obtained which appears to show they have a UK-born grandparent but checks reveal that the applicant is not actually related to that person

You may also cancel any existing permission the person has.

There is guidance below on the relevant refusal and cancellation paragraphs to use. You must also refer to Suitability: false representations, deception, false documents, non-disclosure of relevant facts for detailed guidance on handling such cases.

Refusal paragraphs to use

If refusing entry clearance or permission to stay where the applicant has submitted false or improperly obtained evidence of their UK ancestry, the refusal will be under:

• paragraph UKA 2.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph of Part Suitability relating to either deception or false representations (see below)
• paragraph UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry – applicant does not have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands

If refusing settlement, the refusal will be under:

• paragraph 11.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph of Part Suitability relating to either deception or false representations (see below)
• paragraph 12.1 with reference to UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry – applicant does not have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands

The relevant paragraphs of Part Suitability are:

• SUI 9.1, where you are satisfied the applicant has used deception (deliberately tried to mislead us) – this is a mandatory ground of refusal
• SUI 10.1, where you unable to satisfactorily establish that the applicant has used deception but are satisfied the applicant has nonetheless made false representations - provided false documents / false information
• failed to disclose relevant facts – this is a discretionary ground of refusal

Although SUI 10.1 is a discretionary ground, it will likely be appropriate to refuse with reference to this paragraph if you have established the applicant has made false representations (but cannot establish deception). If, for any reason, you decide not to refuse under SUI 10.1, but you are otherwise not satisfied the applicant has submitted valid evidence of their ancestry, you must still refuse with reference to paragraph UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry.

Cancellation of permission

Where the applicant has permission extended by section 3C of the Immigration Act 1971 and has used deception in their application, you may cancel that permission under SUI 9.2 of Part Suitability. You must not cancel permission under this paragraph if you cannot establish deception.

Where the applicant has current entry clearance or permission to stay, you may cancel that permission under SUI 10.2 of Part Suitability. You do not have to establish that the applicant has used to deception to cancel permission under this paragraph.

9.6 Related external links

Adoption: nationality caseworker guidance

Suitability: false representations

Document verification checks: caseworker guidance

10. UK Ancestry work requirement

This section tells you how to consider the work requirement for a person who applies for entry clearance, permission to stay or settlement on the UK Ancestry route.

10.1 General considerations

All applicants on the UK Ancestry route must be able to work and intend to seek and take employment in the UK. This requirement is stated at the following paragraphs Appendix UK Ancestry:

• paragraph UKA 6.1: entry clearance or permission to stay
• paragraph UKA 12.1: settlement

An applicant for entry clearance or permission to stay must indicate on their application form if they intend to work in the UK. This requirement also applies to those applying for settlement, but the current version of the application form only asks if they are currently working. In either case, if they tick ‘no’, you may wish to check with the applicant what their intentions are. If it is clear that they do not intend to work, you must refuse the application.

In all other cases, the applicant must provide evidence that they are either:

• already working or self-employed in the UK
• able to work and intend to seek and take employment in the UK

The applicant does not have to be working or have a confirmed job at the time they apply. They need only demonstrate they are able to work and intend to seek and take employment. Evidence of this could include, but is not limited to:

• job offers from UK employers

• evidence of previous work history (in any country) or relevant qualifications

• evidence of applications they have made to UK employers
• evidence of registration with a UK recruitment agency
• evidence of any steps they have undertaken to improve their chances of finding work – for example - relevant training courses
• a business plan / expressions of interest from potential clients (if they intend to be self-employed)

Voluntary work

The definition of ‘employment’ in paragraph 6.2 of the Immigration Rules includes “paid and unpaid employment”. This means that if an applicant is undertaking, or intends to undertake, voluntary work, you may accept that they meet the work requirement for the UK Ancestry route. Since the applicant will not be earning an income, you must pay particular attention to their ability to meet the financial requirement.

You must grant the application if you are satisfied that the applicant will be able to maintain and accommodate themselves (and any family members) without a regular income and there are no other reasons for refusal.

Age and disability

Although there is no upper age limit for this route, all applicants must be able and intend to work in the UK. Note that this can include part-time and voluntary work.

You must not refuse an application solely on the grounds of age or disability, unless it is clear that the applicant does not intend to work or there is no realistic prospect of their being able to work in the future.

When you assess this, it may be relevant to consider whether the applicant:

• has indicated that they have retired and have no intention of looking for any further work (including voluntary work)
• has a serious medical condition that would make it unrealistic for them to undertake any kind of employment (including voluntary work)

If you intend to refuse on these grounds, you should first discuss the case with your entry clearance manager or senior caseworker first, who can seek policy advice if necessary.

10.2 Permission to stay or settlement applications

A person with permission on the UK Ancestry route does not have to be continuously employed while in the UK to qualify for further permission to stay or settlement. How you consider an application will depend on whether the applicant is employed or unemployed when they apply.

Applicant employed (or self-employed) on date of application

If the applicant provides satisfactory evidence that they are employed (or self-employed) on the date of application, you must accept that they meet the work requirement, unless you have good reason to believe that they will not continue in employment.

Evidence: general considerations

The following provides guidance on the type of evidence you can accept. However, as the rules do not specify what evidence an applicant must submit, you must judge each case on its individual merits. If the applicant provides documentation not listed below and you are not sure if you can accept it, you must speak to your entry clearance manager or senior caseworker, who can seek policy advice if necessary.

You can ask for additional evidence if the evidence submitted with the application does not satisfy you that the applicant meets the requirement.

You may also use evidence of employment (such as payslips) to consider whether the applicant meets the financial requirement.

Evidence of working for an employer

If the applicant is working for an employer (including as a voluntary worker) on the date of application, they should normally be able to submit both:

• a letter from their current employer which confirms how long they have been working for them and that they will continue in their current job with that employer
• one of the following (unless they are doing voluntary work):
  • their most recent payslip issued by the employer named on the letter
  • their most recent bank or building society statement, if this clearly shows recent receipt of wages from the employer named on the letter
  • their most recent P60 (if issued within the 31 days before the application)

If the applicant has only recently started work for their employer and they have not yet been paid, the letter from the employer should confirm how much they will be paid (unless they are doing voluntary work).

Evidence of self-employment

If the applicant is self-employed on the date of application, they must send at least one recent document as evidence of this. Examples of acceptable evidence include, but are not limited to:

• a copy of their most recent tax self-assessment form plus evidence of receipt by His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC)
• most recent statement of account (SA300) or tax calculation (SA302) issued by HMRC
• company tax return (CT600) for the last financial year and evidence of receipt by HMRC
• evidence of payment of National Insurance Contributions as a self-employed person – if the applicant pays these by direct debit, they will show on their bank statements as ‘HMRC NI-DD’
• Construction Industry Scheme (CIS) pay and deduction statements, if the applicant is a contractor or subcontractor in the construction industry
• copies of invoices and receipts of payment for recent work carried out
• most recent personal or business bank statement, if this clearly shows payments for work carried out as part of the applicant’s business
• accounts, financial statement or annual report from the most recent financial year – if this information is available to view free of charge online (for example: on the Companies House website), the applicant can simply tell us how to find it (for example: website address or Companies House reference number) and you can check the information online
• official letter from a registered accountant which confirms the applicant’s self-employment and earnings from the last financial year

This is not an exhaustive list. If the applicant submits evidence of self-employment not listed above, you should discuss this with your entry clearance manager or senior caseworker.

Applicant unemployed on date of application

If the applicant is unemployed when they apply for further permission to stay or settlement, you must ask for evidence of their employment record throughout their previous 5 years on this route and of any attempts they have made and are making, to find work (if they have not provided this information with their application). If the applicant has been unemployed for the entire 5 years, you must ask them to explain the reasons for this, if they have not done so on their application form.

In all cases where the applicant has had long periods of unemployment, you must give particularly careful consideration to how they have supported themselves without a regular income and whether they can meet the financial requirement.

You must grant the application if there is satisfactory evidence that the applicant is genuinely looking for work, is able to work and there are no other reasons for refusal. Remember that voluntary work can meet the employment requirement.

For further information on evidence of self - employment, see: general considerations above for further information.

If you are not satisfied that the applicant is able to and intends to work, you must refuse the application – see: Refusal wordings for guidance.

10.3 Related external links

Financial requirement: caseworker guidance

11. Conditions of stay

This section tells you about the conditions of stay a person with UK Ancestry must comply with if they are granted entry clearance or permission to stay.

If the applicant is granted entry clearance or permission to stay on UK Ancestry route, you must grant them on ‘code 1’ conditions. These are:

• no access to public funds
• employment permitted (including self-employment and voluntary work)
• study permitted - subject to the ATAS condition

More information on these conditions is given below.

11.1 No access to public funds

Persons with UK Ancestry are not permitted to claim public funds. This term is defined in paragraph 6.2 of the Immigration Rules and includes most state benefits and housing or homelessness assistance.

For further information, detailed information - including exceptions, see: Public funds guidance.

11.2 Employment

Persons with UK Ancestry can take any kind of employment or self-employment. The work can be full-time or part-time, paid or unpaid, does not have to be with a licensed Worker or Temporary Worker sponsor and they do not need any additional permission or endorsement from the Home Office to work once they have been granted entry clearance or permission to stay.

11.3 Study

Subject to the ATAS condition below, persons granted on the UK Ancestry route are allowed to study in the UK. There is no limit on the number of hours they can study or level of course they can do. Study may be undertaken anywhere the person chooses and does not have to be with a licensed Student sponsor. Study should not be the main reason for the person coming to the UK on the UK Ancestry route – however, decision makers should bear in mind that gaining qualifications may enhance a person’s employability in the UK.

ATAS condition

If the person intends to study a discipline listed in Immigration Rules: Appendix ATAS and they are not a national of an exempt country, they must obtain an Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) clearance certificate from the Counter-Proliferation and Arms Control Centre of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office in relation to this course before beginning their study.

11.4 Breach of conditions: consequences

If a person with UK Ancestry breaches their conditions of stay (for example: by claiming public funds where an exception does not apply), they may be subject to any or all of the following penalties:

• any future application for entry clearance, permission to stay or settlement may be refused, or any existing permission may be cancelled, under Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules – see Grounds for refusal and cancellation (suitability) for guidance
• they may be removed from the UK and subject to a re-entry ban – see:
  • Returns management
  • Mandatory refusal period
• in serious cases, they may be prosecuted for an offence under section 24(1)(b) of the Immigration Act 1971

You must not normally grant permission to stay or settlement to an applicant who has breached their conditions of stay. If you are considering exercising discretion in such a case and not refusing the application, you must talk to your entry clearance manager or senior caseworker first.

11.5 Related external links

Public funds: caseworker guidance

Grounds for refusal: immigration staff guidance

Immigration Enforcement general instructions: immigration staff guidance

12. Settlement requirements

This section tells you the requirements an applicant must meet to qualify for settlement on the UK Ancestry route.

12.1 Validity requirements for settlement

Before you consider an application for settlement on the UK Ancestry route, you must check that it is valid. The validity requirements for the UK Ancestry route are set out in paragraphs UKA 10.1 to UKA 10.4 of Appendix UK Ancestry and are that the applicant:

• has completed the Settlement – other (SET(O)) online application form
• has paid the application fee in full
• has given their biometric information unless exempt – see Identity checks and biometrics
• has provided a passport or other travel document which satisfactorily establishes their identity and nationality
• is in the UK at the time of application
• is a Commonwealth citizen

You must also check that the application meets the validity requirements in paragraphs 34B to 34G in Part 1 of the Immigration Rules. For guidance, see Applications for leave to remain: validation, variation and withdrawal.

If the application meets all of the validity requirements, you must go on to consider whether it meets the suitability and eligibility requirements for settlement.

If the application does not meet all the validity requirements, you may reject the application and not give it substantive consideration. You should, however, normally give the applicant the opportunity to comply with the validity requirements by requesting further information.

For further information on assessing validity, including when it might be appropriate to exercise discretion and treat the application as valid, see: Validity requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay.

12.2 Suitability requirements for settlement

The applicant must meet the suitability requirements of paragraphs UKA 11.1 and UKA 11.2. If they do not, you must refuse the application.

For further information, see: Suitability for the UK Ancestry route.

12.3 Eligibility requirements for settlement

An applicant for settlement on the UK Ancestry route must meet all of the eligibility requirements in paragraphs UKA 12.1 to UKA 16.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry. They must:

• continue to meet the following eligibility requirements:
  • grandparent born in the UK or Islands requirement
  • financial requirement
  • work requirement
• have spent 5 years in the UK with permission on the UK Ancestry route as a person with UK Ancestry
• have met the continuous residence requirement in Appendix Continuous Residence throughout the 5-year period – for detailed information on this, see the Continuous residence guidance
• show English language ability on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in speaking and listening to at least level B1, as specified in Appendix English Language – for detailed information on this, see the English language requirement guidance
• meet the knowledge of Life in the UK requirement as specified in Appendix KOL UK – for detailed information on this, see the Knowledge of language and life in the UK guidance

If the applicant meets all of the suitability and eligibility requirements, you must grant the application. If the applicant does not meet all of these requirements, you must refuse the application.

12.4 If the applicant is unemployed when they apply

If the applicant is unemployed on the date of application, you may still grant the application if you are satisfied that the applicant is able to work and intends to seek and take employment and they otherwise meet all the suitability and eligibility requirements.

For further information on assessing ability and intention to work, see: Work requirement.

12.5 Applicant applies for further permission or entry clearance instead of settlement

Some applicants who have apparently completed 5 years on the UK Ancestry route may choose to apply for further permission to stay, or a new entry clearance from overseas, rather than settlement. This could be for a variety of reasons, including because the applicant either:

• does not meet the English language or Knowledge of Life in the UK requirements
• has had excessive absences from the UK and so cannot meet the continuous residence requirement
• is outside the UK when their permission is about to expire and so needs a new entry clearance to return to the UK
• simply does not wish to apply for settlement or is unaware that they are eligible for it

Whatever the reason, you must not treat such an application as though it were one for settlement, even if it is clear the applicant would qualify. You must consider any such valid application against the suitability and eligibility requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay and grant or refuse as appropriate.

There is no limit on the number of times an applicant can be granted entry clearance or permission to stay on the UK Ancestry route if they continue to meet the relevant requirements.

Period of permission

If an applicant qualifies for further permission to stay (or new entry clearance), they will be granted for 5 years in all cases, even if they only require a short extension of stay. However, the applicant can apply for settlement as soon as they can meet the relevant requirements – they do not necessarily have to wait for a further 5 years.

Example:

An applicant is granted a UK Ancestry visa for 5 years. Towards the end of that period, they look into applying for settlement but realise they need to pass an English language test and the Life in the UK test to qualify. They do not have time to do this before their current permission runs out so they apply for an extension of permission instead and are granted for a further 5 years. Six months later, they pass both relevant tests. Provided they otherwise meet the requirements, they can now apply for settlement.

See example 3 under ‘Continuous residence: historical periods of permission’ below where the applicant is seeking to combine 2 consecutive periods of permission on the UK Ancestry route to meet the 5-year continuous residence requirement.

Liability for the Immigration Health Charge

Applicants who apply for an extension of stay or new entry clearance (instead of settlement) must pay the Immigration Health Charge for the full 5 years. This is the case even if they become eligible to apply for settlement shortly after being granted an extension or entry clearance.

There is no Immigration Health Charge for settlement applications.

12.6 Continuous residence: historical periods of permission

The applicant can rely on any continuous 5-year period of permission as a person with UK Ancestry. This includes where the applicant:

• has been granted permission on another route since completing a 5-year period of residence as a person with UK Ancestry (see Example 1 below)
• has broken their continuous residence since completing a 5-year continuous period as a person with UK Ancestry (see example 2)
• wishes to rely on a continuous 5-year period of permission as a person with UK Ancestry across 2 successive grants of permission (see example 3)

Example 1

The applicant was granted entry clearance for 5 years on the UK Ancestry route. At the end of 5 years, instead of applying for settlement, they applied for permission to stay as a Skilled Worker dependant and were granted permission for 2 years. After one year as a Skilled Worker dependant, they apply for settlement on the UK Ancestry route, relying on their earlier grant of permission as a person with UK Ancestry.

You can grant such an application, provided the applicant completed a continuous 5-year period in the UK with permission as a person with UK Ancestry and they otherwise meet all of the requirements for settlement on this route.

When calculating the continuous residence requirement in such cases, you must count backwards from the date their previous UK Ancestry permission expired. This can include permission extended by section 3C of the Immigration Act 1971 while a previous in-time application, appeal or administrative review application was pending.

For further information, see: 3C and 3D leave.

Example 2

The applicant was granted entry clearance for 5 years on the UK Ancestry route. They were continuously resident in the UK during that period and so could have applied for settlement at the end of it. However, they chose to apply for further permission to stay on the UK Ancestry route instead and this was granted for a further 5 years. Two years later, they apply for settlement. During their most recent period of permission, they have had absences more than those permitted under Appendix Continuous Residence on none of the exceptions apply.

Although the applicant has broken their continuous residence during their most recent period of permission, they can rely on their earlier continuous 5-year period with permission on the UK Ancestry route and will therefore be eligible for settlement if they meet all of the other requirements.

Example 3

The applicant was granted entry clearance for 5 years on the UK Ancestry route. During the first 2 years of that permission, they had absences more than those permitted under Appendix Continuous Residence and none of the exceptions applied. At the end of the 5 years, they make an in-time application for further permission to stay as a person with UK Ancestry and are granted for a further 5 years. After 2 years, they apply for settlement.

The applicant can qualify for settlement at this stage by relying on the last 3 years of their first grant of permission and the first 2 years of their second grant of permission, provided they have met the continuous residence requirement during this period.

For further information, see: Continuous residence guidance.

12.7 Related external links

Identity checks: caseworker guidance

Validation, variation and withdrawal of applications: caseworker guidance

Continuous Residence guidance: caseworker guidance

English language requirements for immigration applicants

Knowledge of language and life in the UK: caseworker guidance

3C and 3D leave: caseworker guidance

13. Grant or refuse entry clearance

This section explains when to grant or refuse an application for entry clearance on the UK Ancestry route.

13.1 Grant entry clearance

If the applicant meets all of the suitability and eligibility requirements of Appendix UK Ancestry, you must grant entry clearance for a period of 5 years. The start date of the entry clearance should be the either the date of decision or the date the applicant has indicated on their visa application form that they intend to travel to the UK.

If the applicant applied on or after 30 October 2025, they would normally receive an eVisa only (and no other proof of their immigration status).

The only exception is if the applicant does not have a Home Office accepted passport or travel document. In this case, the applicant will receive both an eVisa and a vignette. The vignette will be valid for 90 days and must be affixed to a Form for Affixing a Visa (FAV). If the applicant does not travel within the 90-day period, they will need to apply for a replacement vignette and FAV before they travel.

Where the applicant applied before 30 October 2025, they will receive a 90-day vignette (affixed to their passport or FAV as appropriate) as well as an eVisa.

Where the applicant is issued with a vignette, the endorsement is:

• Main endorsement: D: UK Ancestry – Employment. Work Permitted No Public Funds
• Duration: 5 years from the date of decision or the date the applicant intends to travel to the UK

Applicant under 17 when they applied

If the applicant was aged under 17 on the date of application, but will be aged 17 on the date of their intended arrival in the UK (as stated on their application form), you must ensure that the ‘valid from’ date on their entry clearance is dated no earlier than their 17th birthday.

13.2 Refuse entry clearance

You must refuse entry clearance if the applicant does not meet all of the suitability and eligibility requirements of the UK Ancestry route.

You must quote all relevant refusal paragraphs in your decision letter.

For further information and examples on relevant paragraphs, see: Refusal wordings.

Right to administrative review

Applicants have no right of appeal against our decision to refuse entry clearance. However, if they think the entry clearance officer has made an error in considering their application, they can apply for an administrative review. You must include details of how to make an administrative review application in your decision letter.

13.3 Related external links

Administrative review: caseworker guidance

14. Entry at the UK border

This section is for Border Force officers working at UK ports.

If you encounter a person at the UK border seeking entry on the UK Ancestry route, you must be satisfied that:

• the passenger has produced on arrival a valid passport or other identity document
• the passenger has valid entry clearance for entry on the UK Ancestry route
• none of the grounds for refusal or cancellation of entry clearance or permission in Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules apply

For further information on processing passengers with entry clearance (including eVisas), see Border Force guidance: entry Clearances – eVisas, visas and Entry Certificates.

If refusing permission to enter, or cancelling entry clearance or permission to enter, you must refer to Border Force guidance: refusal and cancellation of leave to enter for information on the processes to follow.

14.1 Related external links

Appendix UK Ancestry

Grounds for refusal and cancellation: suitability

15. Grant or refuse permission to stay

This section explains when to grant or refuse an application for permission to stay on the UK Ancestry route.

15.1 Grant permission to stay

If the applicant meets all of the suitability and eligibility requirements of Appendix UK Ancestry, you must grant permission to stay for a period of 5 years (calculated from date of decision) on code 1 conditions. The applicant will receive an eVisa only.

You must grant 5 years in all cases, even if the applicant has requested a shorter period.

15.2 Refuse permission to stay

You must refuse permission to stay if the applicant does not meet all of the suitability and eligibility requirements of Appendix UK Ancestry.

You must quote all relevant refusal paragraphs in your decision letter.

For further information and examples on relevant paragraphs, see: Refusal wordings.

Right to administrative review

Applicants have no right of appeal against our decision to refuse. However, if they think the Home Office has made an error in considering their application, they can apply for an administrative review. You must include details of how to make an administrative review application in your decision letter.

15.3 Related external links

Administrative review: caseworker guidance

16. Grant or refuse settlement

This section explains when to grant or refuse settlement on the UK Ancestry route.

16.1 Grant settlement

If the applicant meets all of the suitability and eligibility requirements for settlement on the UK Ancestry route, you must grant settlement. The applicant will receive an eVisa only.

16.2 Refuse settlement

You must refuse settlement if the applicant does not meet all the suitability and eligibility requirements for settlement on the UK Ancestry route.

You must quote all relevant refusal paragraphs in your decision letter. See Refusal wordings for examples.

Right to administrative review

Applicants have no right of appeal against our decision to refuse. However, if they think the Home Office has made an error in considering their application, they can apply for an administrative review. You must include details of how to make an administrative review application in your decision letter.

16.3 Related external links

Administrative review: caseworker guidance

17. Rejection wordings

This section provides examples of wording to use when you reject an application on the UK Ancestry route as invalid.

If you decide to reject an invalid application on the UK Ancestry route, you must tell the applicant why. Example wordings are given below. You must adapt the wording to the specific circumstances of the case and ensure that the reasons for rejection are clear and relevant to the individual case. Words in square brackets in the examples below are optional.

For guidance on validity requirements, see:

• validity requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay
• validity requirements for settlement
• Applications for leave to remain: validation, variation and withdrawal

17.1 Invalid entry clearance or permission to stay application

Introductory wording:

You have made an attempted application for [entry clearance / permission to stay] on the UK Ancestry route but your application is invalid for the reason(s) set out below. I am therefore rejecting your application in accordance with paragraph UKA 1.6 of Appendix UK Ancestry.

Reason	Wording
Applicant has not completed the specified online form (entry clearance) Paragraph UKA 1.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not completed the specified online application form for entry clearance on this route. The form you must complete is “UK Ancestry, Right of Abode or Returning Residents visa”, which is available on the GOV.UK website.
Applicant has not completed the specified online form (permission to stay) Paragraph UKA 1.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not completed the specified online application form for permission to stay on this route. The form you must complete “Application to extend stay in the UK: FLR(IR)”, which is available on the GOV.UK website.
Applicant has not paid the application fee Paragraph UKA 1.2(a) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not paid in full the specified application fee for this route.
Applicant has not paid the Immigration Health Charge Paragraph UKA 1.2(a) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not paid in full the Immigration Health Charge.
Applicant has not provided required biometrics Paragraph UKA 1.2(b) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not provided your biometric information.
Applicant has not provided a satisfactory passport or travel document Paragraph UKA 1.2(c) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not provided a passport or other travel document which satisfactorily establishes your identity and nationality.
Applicant is not a Commonwealth citizen Paragraph UKA 1.3 of Appendix UK Ancestry	Your passport shows you are a citizen of (country) and you are therefore not a Commonwealth citizen, as required by this route.
Applicant will not be aged 17 or over on arrival in the UK (entry clearance only) Paragraph UKA 1.4 of Appendix UK Ancestry	You were born on (date) and you intend to arrive in the UK on (date). You will therefore not be aged 17 or over on the date of your intended arrival in the UK.
Applicant is not in the UK on the date of application (permission to stay applications only) Paragraph UKA 1.5 of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have stated / Our records show that you were in (name of country) on the date of application. You were therefore not in the UK on the date of application.
Applicant has not previously been granted permission on the UK Ancestry route (permission to stay applications only) Paragraph UKA 1.5A of Appendix UK Ancestry	You entered the UK on (date) with [entry clearance / permission to enter] as a (name of route on which they entered) [and were subsequently granted permission to stay as a (name of route)]. You have therefore not previously been granted permission on the UK Ancestry route.

17.2 Invalid settlement application

Introductory wording:

You have made an attempted application for settlement on the UK Ancestry route but your application is invalid for the reason(s) set out below. I am therefore rejecting your application in accordance with paragraph UKA 10.4 of Appendix UK Ancestry.

Reason	Wording
Applicant has not completed the specified online form Paragraph UKA 10.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not completed the specified online application form for entry clearance on this route. The form you must complete is “Settle in the UK in various immigration categories: form SET(O)”, which is available on the GOV.UK website.
Applicant has not paid the application fee Paragraph UKA 10.2(a) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not paid in full the specified application fee for this route.
Applicant has not provided required biometrics Paragraph UKA 10.2(b) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not provided your biometric information.
Applicant has not provided a satisfactory passport or travel document Paragraph UKA 10.2(c) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have not provided a passport or other travel document which satisfactorily establishes your identity and nationality.
Applicant is not in the UK Paragraph 10.2(d) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You must be in the UK to apply for settlement on the UK Ancestry route. [You have stated on your application form that you are currently in (name of country) / I am satisfied from the available evidence that you are outside the UK] and you therefore do not meet this requirement of Appendix UK Ancestry.
Applicant is not a Commonwealth citizen Paragraph UKA 10.3 of Appendix UK Ancestry	Your passport shows you are a citizen of (country) and you are therefore not a Commonwealth citizen, as required by this route.

17.3 Related external links

Immigration Rules: Appendix UK Ancestry

Immigration Rules: Part 1 (paragraphs 34 to 34G)

Validation, variation and withdrawal of applications: caseworker guidance

18. Refusal wordings

This section gives examples of wordings to use if you are refusing a UK Ancestry application.

This is not an exhaustive list of reasons. You must use these paragraphs along with any other appropriate paragraphs – for example: if you are also refusing on any of the grounds in Part Suitability, Appendix Finance, Appendix English Language, Appendix KOL UK, Appendix Continuous Residence, or Appendix Children.

You must include all relevant reasons for refusal in your decision letter.

You must adapt the wording to the specific circumstances of the case and ensure that the reasons for refusal are clear and relevant to the application. Words in square brackets in the examples below are optional.

• Entry clearance refusal wordings
• Permission to enter refusal wordings
• Permission to stay refusal wordings
• Settlement refusal wordings

18.1 Entry clearance refusal wordings

For guidance on the requirements, see:

• Appendix UK Ancestry
• Suitability requirements
• Eligibility requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay
• Refuse entry clearance

Introductory wording

You have applied for entry clearance to the UK on the UK Ancestry route but your application has been refused.

Reason and paragraph	Example wording
Falls for refusal under Part Suitability Paragraph UKA 2.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry and the relevant paragraph or paragraphs of Part Suitability	In view of the fact that […], I am satisfied that you fall for refusal under Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules. See Grounds for refusal and cancellation (suitability) for further guidance on wording.
No valid tuberculosis test certificate Paragraph UKA 3.2 of Appendix UK Ancestry	You have applied to stay in the UK for more than 6 months. You lived in [country] for [how long] before you made your application for entry clearance. Because of this, you were required to provide a valid medical certificate from an approved medical provider which confirms you have undergone screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis and this is not present in you. You have not provided such a medical certificate with your application.
Grandparent not born in the UK or Islands Paragraph UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that [your grandparent’s birth certificate shows that they were born in [country], I am not satisfied that you have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands.
Grandparent not a biological grandparent or grandparent by reason of UK-recognised adoption Paragraph UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to paragraph 6.2 of the Immigration Rules	In view of the fact that […], I am not satisfied that the grandparent through whom you are claiming UK ancestry is your biological grandparent, or grandparent by reason of an adoption recognised by the laws of the UK relating to adoption.
Does not meet maintenance requirement – insufficient funds Paragraph UKA 5.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], I am not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK / any dependants applying for entry clearance with you] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Evidence of funds not as specified in Appendix Finance Paragraphs UKA 5.1 and UKA 5.2 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph or paragraphs of Appendix Finance (in the example opposite, this would be paragraph FIN 2.1(b) of Appendix Finance)	(In the example below, the applicant has sought to rely on evidence of funds from an unregulated bank): Although you have provided bank statements issued by [bank], this financial institution is not regulated by the appropriate regulatory body for the country in which that institution is operating. In accordance with paragraph FIN 2.1(b) of Appendix Finance, I am unable to take account of this evidence. You were asked to provide alternative evidence of funds on [date] but have failed to do so. In view of these facts, I am not satisfied that the evidence of funds you have submitted is as specified in Appendix Finance and I am therefore not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK / any dependants applying for entry clearance with you] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Promise of third-party support not credible Paragraphs UKA 5.1 and UKA 5.3 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], I am not satisfied that the offer of financial support from your [friend / relative] is credible and I am therefore not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK / any dependants applying for entry clearance with you] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Unable to work Paragraph UKA 6.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], I am not satisfied that you are able to work in the UK.
No intention to seek and take employment Paragraph UKA 6.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], I am not satisfied that you intend to seek and take employment in the UK.
Does not meet parental consent requirement (applicants aged under 18) Paragraphs UKA 7.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry with reference to the relevant paragraphs of Appendix Children	As you are aged under 18, you are required by paragraph UKA 7.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry and paragraphs CHI 5.1 to CHI 5.2 of Appendix Children to have the written consent of your parent(s) or legal guardian to your application, your care and living arrangements in the UK and your travel to and reception arrangements in the UK. You were asked to provide this information on [date] but have failed to do so. In view of these facts, I am not satisfied that you meet the parental consent requirement of the Immigration Rules.

18.2 Permission to enter refusal wordings

For guidance on the requirements, see:

• Appendix UK Ancestry
• Suitability requirements
• Eligibility requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay
• Entry at the UK border

Introductory wording

You have asked for permission to enter the UK on the UK Ancestry route…

Reason and paragraph	Example wording
No valid entry clearance Paragraph UKA 3.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	…but you are required to apply for and obtain, entry clearance on the UK Ancestry route before you arrive in the UK and you do not hold such an entry clearance.

18.3 Permission to stay refusal wordings

For guidance on the requirements, see:

• Appendix UK Ancestry
• Suitability requirements
• Eligibility requirements for entry clearance or permission to stay
• Refuse permission to stay

Introductory wording

You have applied for permission to stay in the UK on the UK Ancestry route but your application has been refused.

Reason and paragraph	Example wording
Falls for refusal under Part Suitability Paragraph UKA 2.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry and the relevant paragraph or paragraphs of Part Suitability	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is satisfied that you fall for refusal under Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules. See Grounds for refusal and cancellation (suitability) for further guidance on wording.
In the UK in breach of immigration laws Paragraph UKA 2.2(a) of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that [you made your application for permission to stay on [date] and your previous permission expired on [date], the Secretary of State is satisfied that you are in the UK in breach of immigration laws and that none of the exceptions in the ‘Exceptions for overstayers’ section of Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules apply.
On immigration bail Paragraph UKA 2.2(b) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You are currently on immigration bail and therefore do not meet the suitability requirements of the UK Ancestry route.
Grandparent not born in the UK or Islands Paragraph UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that [your grandparent’s birth certificate shows that they were born in [country], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands.
Grandparent not a biological grandparent or grandparent by reason of UK-recognised adoption Paragraph UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to paragraph 6.2 of the Immigration Rules	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that the grandparent through whom you are claiming UK ancestry is your biological grandparent, or grandparent by reason of an adoption recognised by the laws of the UK relating to adoption.
Does not meet maintenance requirement – insufficient funds Paragraph UKA 5.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Evidence of funds not as specified in Appendix Finance Paragraphs UKA 5.1 and UKA 5.2 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph or paragraphs of Appendix Finance (in the example opposite, this would be paragraph FIN 2.1(b) of Appendix Finance)	(In the example below, the applicant has sought to rely on evidence of funds from an unregulated bank): Although you have provided bank statements issued by (bank), this financial institution is not regulated by the appropriate regulatory body for the country in which that institution is operating. In accordance with paragraph FIN 2.1(b) of Appendix Finance, the Secretary of State is unable to take account of this evidence. You were asked to provide alternative evidence of funds on [date] but have failed to do so. In view of these facts, the Secretary of State is not satisfied that the evidence of funds you have submitted is as specified in Appendix Finance and is therefore not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Promise of third-party support not credible Paragraphs UKA 5.1 and UKA 5.3 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that the offer of financial support from your [friend / relative] is credible and is therefore not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Unable to work Paragraph UKA 6.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you are able to work in the UK.
No intention to seek and take employment Paragraph UKA 6.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you intend to seek and take employment in the UK.

18.4 Settlement refusal wordings

For guidance on settlement refusal wordings and the requirements, see:

• Appendix UK Ancestry
• Suitability requirements
• Eligibility requirements for settlement
• Refuse settlement

Introductory wording

You have applied for settlement in the UK on the UK Ancestry route but your application has been refused.

Reason and paragraph	Example wording
Falls for refusal under Part Suitability Paragraph UKA 11.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry and the relevant paragraph or paragraphs of Part Suitability	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is satisfied that you fall for refusal under Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules. See Grounds for refusal and cancellation (suitability) for further guidance on wording.
In the UK in breach of immigration laws Paragraph UKA11.2(a) of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that [you made your application for settlement on [date] and your previous permission expired on [date], the Secretary of State is satisfied that you are in the UK in breach of immigration laws and that none of the exceptions in the ‘Exceptions for overstayers’ section of Part Suitability of the Immigration Rules apply.
On immigration bail Paragraph UKA 11.2(b) of Appendix UK Ancestry	You are currently on immigration bail and therefore do not meet the suitability requirements for settlement on the UK Ancestry route.
Grandparent not born in the UK or Islands Paragraph 12.1 with reference to UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that [your grandparent’s birth certificate shows that they were born in [country]], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you have a grandparent born in the UK or Islands.
Grandparent not a biological grandparent or grandparent by reason of UK-recognised adoption Paragraph UKA 12.1 with reference UKA 4.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry and paragraph 6.2 of the Immigration Rules	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that the grandparent through whom you are claiming UK ancestry is your biological grandparent, or grandparent by reason of an adoption recognised by the laws of the UK relating to adoption.
Does not meet maintenance requirement – insufficient funds Paragraph UKA 12.1 with reference to UKA 5.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Evidence of funds not as specified in Appendix Finance Paragraph 12.1 with reference to UKA 5.1 and UKA 5.2 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph or paragraphs of Appendix Finance (in the example opposite, this would be paragraph FIN 2.1(b) of Appendix Finance)	(In the example below, the applicant has sought to rely on evidence of funds from an unregulated bank): Although you have provided bank statements issued by [bank], this financial institution is not regulated by the appropriate regulatory body for the country in which that institution is operating. In accordance with paragraph FIN 2.1(b) of Appendix Finance, the Secretary of State is unable to take account of this evidence. You were asked to provide alternative evidence of funds on [date] but have failed to do so. In view of these facts, the Secretary of State is not satisfied that the evidence of funds you have submitted is as specified in Appendix Finance and is therefore not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Promise of third-party support not credible Paragraph UKA 12.1 with reference to UKA 5.1 and UKA 5.3 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that the offer of financial support from your [friend / relative] is credible and is therefore not satisfied that you will be able to maintain and accommodate yourself [and any dependants in the UK] adequately without recourse to public funds.
Not completed 5 years on the UK Ancestry route Paragraph UKA 13.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry	In view of the fact that you [were admitted to the UK on [date], with entry clearance valid from [date] to [date] and you made your application for settlement on [date], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you have spent 5 years in the UK with permission on the UK Ancestry route as a person with UK Ancestry.
Does not meet the continuous residence requirement Paragraph UKA 14.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to relevant paragraph(s) of Appendix Continuous Residence	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you have met the continuous residence requirement in Appendix Continuous Residence during your period in the UK on the UK Ancestry route.
Does not meet the English language requirement Paragraph UKA 15.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph(s) of Appendix English Language	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you have shown English language ability on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in speaking and listening to at least level B1.
Evidence of English language ability does not meet the requirements of Appendix English Language Paragraphs UKA 15.1 and 15.2 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph(s) of Appendix English Language	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you have shown that you meet the English language requirement for the UK Ancestry route as specified in Appendix English language.
Does not meet the knowledge of Life in the UK requirement Paragraph UKA 16.1 of Appendix UK Ancestry, with reference to the relevant paragraph(s) of Appendix KOL UK	In view of the fact that […], the Secretary of State is not satisfied that you meet the knowledge of Life in the UK requirement as specified in Appendix KOL UK.

18.5 Related external links

Grounds for refusal: immigration staff guidance