Guidance

U12: using mulch

Types of waste and maximum amounts you can use for spreading as mulch to benefit land around trees, bushes or plants, under U12 waste exemption.

Applies to England

There’s a charge for most waste exemptions

This exemption is in band 3. Read waste exemption charges to find out what the charges are and how much you’ll pay.

The U12 exemption allows landscapers, farmers and growers to spread mulch using wood chips and plant matter made from waste.

Conditions

You must comply with the exemption conditions. 

The waste you use must: 

  • match the waste codes 
  • be suitable for mulching
  • be stored in a secure location before it is used

You cannot:

  • use more waste than is needed to protect and benefit the soil - using more is classed as disposal
  • store and use more than the maximum amount allowed
  • use waste wood that has been chemically treated

Chemically treated waste wood means it has been preserved, varnished, coated, painted or exposed to chemicals.

Types and amounts of waste you can use

Your waste must fit within the waste code and description.

Waste codes Type of waste
02 01 03
19 12 07
20 02 01
Untreated wood and plant matter

You can store or use up to 100 tonnes of mulch in total in any month.

Check if you need other permits 

You must comply with other rules that apply to your activity. You’ll need an environmental permit or a different exemption if you want to use: 

  • waste that is not listed in this exemption 
  • more waste than is allowed

Register a U12 waste exemption 

Most businesses can register and pay through the waste exemptions service. You can also use the service to register multiple sites.

There’s a different process if you’re registering along a linear network.

Linear networks 

Linear networks are long stretches that do not have a defined address or grid reference point. They include roads, rivers, canals and railways. 

You can register a U12 exemption along a linear network if the mulch is produced and used at the same place. You cannot import waste mulch from other sites.

You can use up to 10 tonnes of mulch per linear mile per month.

Register in the name of the business, at the registered office or main place of business and provide contact details. 

You’ll need to provide one of the following: 

  • grid references for the start and end points of your area of waste activity 
  • map or plans showing all your areas of activity

Read the guidance and register along a linear network through the online form at Register linear network waste exemptions.

Charities 

Charities do not have to pay for waste exemptions. If you’re a charity, call the Environment Agency to register free. 

To qualify as a charity, your organisation must work exclusively for a charitable purpose.

Read the Charity Commission’s list and descriptions of charitable purposes to decide if your organisation falls within one of the 13 types of charitable activity.

Registration rules 

You cannot: 

  • have more than one U12 at a site at the same time 
  • register a U12 if it’s already been registered at the site by another business 
  • renew your registration more than one month before the 3-year registration period ends 
  • increase the storage limit by registering a separate storage exemption 
  • store waste that’s not included in the exemption
  • deregister an exemption then register it again within 3 years of the start of the earlier registration 

Waste exemption charges 

Read waste exemption charges to find out what the charges are.

U12 exemption has a band 3 compliance charge.

There’s a registration charge to register one or more exemptions at a time.

Farmer charges 

Farmers pay a capped charge for any number of farming exemptions. U12 is included in the list of farming exemptions.

Read waste exemptions guidance in full.

T6: treating waste wood and plant matter

U10: spreading waste to benefit agricultural land

U11: spreading waste on non-agricultural land

Contact the Environment Agency

General enquiries

National Customer Contact Centre
PO Box 544
Rotherham
S60 1BY

Email enquiries@environment-agency.gov.uk

Telephone 03708 506 506

Telephone from outside the UK (Monday to Friday, 8am to 6pm GMT) +44 (0) 114 282 5312

Monday to Friday, 8am to 6pm.

Updates to this page

Published 28 April 2014
Last updated 27 January 2026 show all updates
  1. Added details and a link to a new online form for linear network registrations. Multiple site registrations are now done through the waste exemptions service.

  2. Updated with more information about registering linear networks, and making it clearer how to find out if you qualify as a charity.

  3. Updated with new information about charges and charging bands for waste exemptions.

  4. Updated to clarify the registration rules and conditions, including information about linear networks.

  5. First published.

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