Rough sleeping snapshot in England: autumn 2020
Published 25 February 2021
Applies to England
1. Main findings
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This year’s rough sleeping snapshot coincided with a national lockdown throughout November and the tier restrictions in October. This is likely to have impacted people’s risk of rough sleeping and should be noted when comparing this year’s annual snapshot figures with previous years.
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Unlike last year, the ongoing ‘Everyone In’ scheme has helped to protect thousands of vulnerable people during the COVID-19 pandemic, including those sleeping rough or at risk of sleeping rough. By November, the scheme had supported around 33,000 people with nearly 10,000 currently in emergency accommodation and over 23,000 already moved on into longer-term accommodation since the pandemic began.
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The number of people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn has fallen for the third year in a row from its peak in 2017 but remains higher than 2010 when the snapshot approach was introduced.
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There were 2,688 people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020. This is down by 1,578 people or 37 % from last year and down 43 % from the peak in 2017 but is up by 920 people or 52 % since 2010.
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Nearly half (44 %) of all people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn are in London and the South East. The largest decrease in the number of people estimated to be sleeping rough was in the South East, where there were 474 people this year compared to 900 people last year.
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The number of people estimated to be sleeping rough in London has decreased for the last two years, and the decrease between 2019 and 2020 is the largest in London since the time series began in 2010. There were 714 people estimated to be sleeping rough in London on a single night in autumn 2020. This is down by 422 people or 37 % from last year. The North East of England was the only region where there was a very small increase in the number of people sleeping rough. All other regions decreased with the South East and London decreasing the most.
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Most people sleeping rough in England are male, aged over 26 years old and from the UK. This is similar to previous years.
Date of next publication: It is expected that the autumn 2021 Rough sleeping snapshot will be published in early 2022. The date will be pre-announced on the GOV.UK publication release calendar.
Figure 1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn in England since 2010.
1.1 Introduction
This publication provides information about the estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night between 1 October and 30 November 2020 and some basic demographic details (i.e. age, gender, nationality). These statistics provide a way of estimating the number of people sleeping rough across England on a single night in autumn and to assess change over time.
However, this year’s rough sleeping snapshot coincided with a national lockdown throughout November and the tier restrictions in October. 262 local authorities (83 %) carried out their snapshot estimate during the national lockdown, 44 (14 %) local authorities carried it out during the tier restrictions and 8 (3 %) local authorities carried it out prior to the tier restrictions. This is likely to have impacted people’s risk of rough sleeping and should be noted when comparing this year’s annual snapshot figures with previous years.
On 23 March 2020 the government launched the ‘Everyone In’ scheme, whereby local authorities were asked to immediately house rough sleepers and those at risk of rough sleeping to protect their health and stop wider transmission of COVID-19. Whilst this ongoing support has helped to protect thousands of vulnerable people during the pandemic it should be noted when comparing this year’s annual snapshot figures with previous years.
As well as the pandemic, there are other factors that can affect the number of people who sleep rough on any given night. For example, the availability of night shelters, the weather, where people choose to sleep and the date and time chosen for the snapshot estimate. The provision of night shelters was reduced this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however the government put in place support to develop self-contained accommodation options and published operating principles for night shelters to open more safely if required. Whilst local authorities are asked to provide possible reasons for any significant changes in the numbers of people who sleep rough compared to previous years, the figures in this release are subject to some uncertainty and should be treated as estimates of the number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn.
1.2 Definitions
People sleeping rough are defined as follows: People sleeping, about to bed down (sitting on/in or standing next to their bedding) or bedded down in the open air (such as on the streets, in tents, doorways, parks, bus shelters or encampments). People in buildings or other places not designed for habitation (such as stairwells, barns, sheds, car parks, cars, derelict boats, stations, or ‘bashes’ which are makeshift shelters, often comprised of cardboard boxes). The definition does not include people in hostels or shelters, people in campsites or other sites used for recreational purposes or organised protest, squatters or travellers.
Bedded down is taken to mean either lying down or sleeping.
About to bed down includes those who are sitting in/on or near a sleeping bag or other bedding.
1.3 Things you need to know
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Local authorities across England take an autumn single night snapshot of people sleeping rough. They either use a count-based estimate of visible rough sleeping, an evidence-based estimate meeting with local agencies or an evidence-based estimate meeting including a spotlight count.
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Local authorities, together with local agencies, decide which approach and date to use for their snapshot of rough sleeping. They are advised to use the approach that will provide the most accurate estimate of the number of people sleeping rough in their local authority.
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The snapshot should take place on a ‘typical night’, on a single date between 1 October and 30 November, chosen by the local authority. The date can change from one year to the next and will not be the same for all local authorities. In some cases, this is coordinated with neighbouring local authorities to avoid double counting of people.
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This year’s snapshot was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown. Local authorities were advised that if they were able to go ahead with their chosen night safely, ensuring no other circumstances would affect the ‘typical’ night, then they should proceed.
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Due to the impact of COVID-19, further verification was introduced for all areas this year to ensure figures provided were accurate. For any areas that changed from a count-based estimate, following the lockdown announcement, Homeless Link verifiers attended the estimate meeting in person, by being present at the online estimate meeting. Homeless Link also contacted partner agencies including an independent partner separately to complete verification.
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The snapshot takes place in the autumn rather than summer, where numbers are likely to be higher due to warmer temperatures or winter, where numbers may be lower as more temporary night shelters are set up to ensure people do not sleep rough on the streets in very cold weather.
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The provision of night shelters was reduced this year due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the government put in place support to develop self-contained accommodation options and published operating principles for night shelters to open more safely if required.
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The snapshot is collated by outreach workers, local charities and community groups and is independently verified by Homeless Link.
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People sleeping rough are defined[footnote 1] as those sleeping or about to bed down in open air locations and other places including tents and make-shift shelters.
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The snapshot does not include people in hostels or shelters, people sofa surfing, or those in recreational or organised protest, those in squats or traveller campsites.
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The snapshot does not provide a definitive number of people affected by homelessness in England. The term ‘homelessness’ is much broader than people sleeping rough.
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The snapshot records only those people seen, or thought to be, sleeping rough on a single night in autumn.
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The snapshot does not include everyone in a local authority with a history of sleeping rough. Nor does it include everyone sleeping rough across local authorities from the October to November period.
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Accurately estimating the number of people sleeping rough within a local authority is inherently difficult given the hidden nature of rough sleeping.
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The snapshot methodology has been in place since 2010. From 1998 to 2010, only a quarter of all local authorities who estimated that there were more than ten people sleeping rough in their local authority were asked to conduct an annual street count.
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Since March 2018, the government’s Rough Sleeping Initiative (RSI) has funded local authorities to provide specialist services to help the most vulnerable people in society off the streets and into secure accommodation. Over 90 % of local authorities are part of the initiative, which is now in its third year.
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In March 2020, the government launched the ‘Everyone In’ scheme asking local authorities to immediately house people sleeping rough and those at risk of rough sleeping to protect their health and stop wider transmission of COVID-19. This ongoing support has helped to protect thousands of vulnerable people during the pandemic.
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In July 2020, the government launched the Next Steps Accommodation Programme, which provides financial resources to local authorities and their partners to prevent those accommodated during the pandemic from returning to the streets.
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In October 2020, the government announced the Cold Weather Payment for local authorities and faith and community groups to help to keep people sleeping rough safe and into accommodation this winter.
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In November 2020, the government launched the Protect Programme, which runs alongside the ‘Everyone In’ scheme. This programme helps areas that need additional support most during the restrictions and throughout winter.
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These programmes are all part of the government’s ongoing Rough Sleeping Strategy to end rough sleeping by the end of the parliament.
2. Rough sleeping snapshot
2.1 National
The number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn in England has fallen for the third year in a row and is the largest decrease since the snapshot started in 2010.
The number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn in London has fallen for the second time in seven years.
The number of people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn has fallen for the third year in a row from its peak in 2017 but remains higher than in 2010 when the snapshot approach was first introduced.
There were 2,688 people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 in England. This was a decrease of 1,578 people or 37 % decrease from 2019 and an increase of 920 people or 52 % increase since 2010.
For the second time in seven years there has been a decrease in the number of people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn in London and the largest decrease since 2010. There has also been a decrease in the Rest of England for a third year running.
In London, there were 714 people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020. This is a decrease of 422 people or a 37 % decrease from 2019 and an increase of 299 people or a 72 % increase since 2010.
Across the Rest of England, there were 1,974 people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020. This is down by 1,156 people or a 37 % decrease from last year and down by 1,640 people or 45 % from its peak in 2017. However, this is an increase of 621 people or a 46 % increase since 2010.
Table 2.1.1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn in England, London and Rest of England since 2010.
Year | England | % change on previous year (England) | London | % change on previous year (London) | Rest of England | % change on previous year (Rest of England) |
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2010 | 1,768 | - | 415 | - | 1,353 | - |
2011 | 2,181 | 23 | 446 | 7 | 1,735 | 28 |
2012 | 2,309 | 6 | 557 | 25 | 1,752 | 1 |
2013 | 2,414 | 5 | 543 | -3 | 1,871 | 7 |
2014 | 2,744 | 14 | 742 | 37 | 2,002 | 7 |
2015 | 3,569 | 30 | 940 | 27 | 2,629 | 31 |
2016 | 4,134 | 16 | 964 | 3 | 3,170 | 21 |
2017 | 4,751 | 15 | 1,137 | 18 | 3,614 | 14 |
2018 | 4,677 | -2 | 1,283 | 13 | 3,394 | -6 |
2019 | 4,266 | -9 | 1,136 | -11 | 3,130 | -8 |
2020 | 2,688 | -37 | 714 | -37 | 1,974 | -37 |
Figure 2.1.1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn in London and the Rest of England since 2010.
2.2 Regional
Nearly half (44 %) of all people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn are in London and the South East.
The North East was the only region where there was a very small increase in the number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn. All other regions decreased with the South East and London decreasing the most.
The largest decrease in the number of people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 was in the South East, where there were 474 people this year compared to 900 people last year.
The North East was the only region to show a small increase in the number of people estimated to be sleeping rough, where there were 72 people estimated to be sleeping rough this year compared to 67 people last year.
Table 2.2.1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by region compared to previous year
Area | 2019 | 2020 | Difference | % Change |
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England | 4,266 | 2,688 | -1,578 | -37 |
Rest of England | 3,130 | 1,974 | -1,156 | -37 |
South East | 900 | 474 | -426 | -47 |
London | 1,136 | 714 | -422 | -37 |
East of England | 458 | 266 | -192 | -42 |
South West | 490 | 354 | -136 | -28 |
North West | 349 | 226 | -123 | -35 |
East Midlands | 305 | 187 | -118 | -39 |
West Midlands | 319 | 214 | -105 | -33 |
Yorkshire and The Humber | 242 | 181 | -61 | -25 |
North East | 67 | 72 | 5 | 7 |
Figure 2.2.1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by region since 2010.
London and the South East accounted for nearly half (44 %) of all the people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn this year, which is similar to previous years. These two regions also showed the largest decrease in the estimated number of people sleeping rough compared to last year. The North East of England was the region with the lowest number of people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn this year and was the only region that showed an increase compared to last year.
Figure 2.2.2: Proportion of people sleeping rough on single night in autumn 2020 by region.
2.3 Local authority
Westminster had the highest number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020.
The largest increase in the number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn was in Tower Hamlets.
The largest decrease in the number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn was in Hillingdon.
The local authority with the highest number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 was Westminster where 242 people were estimated to be sleeping rough. Westminster has consistently been the local authority with the highest number of people sleeping rough since the snapshot approach was introduced in 2010.
The Westminster City Council: Review of Homelessness 2019 suggests that Westminster attracts a disproportionate number of people sleeping rough from across the UK and internationally because of: its central location and access to transport hubs, the perceived safety of the area due to its 24 hour nature, begging opportunities available due to large numbers of people in the area including tourists, a flow of easy accessible drugs, employment opportunities and availability of services for people sleeping rough.
Table 2.3.1: Local authorities with the highest estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 compared to previous year.
Local Authority | 2019 | 2020 | Difference | % Change |
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Westminster | 333 | 242 | -91 | -27 |
Manchester | 91 | 68 | -23 | -25 |
Bristol, City of | 98 | 50 | -48 | -49 |
Camden | 65 | 42 | -23 | -35 |
Tower Hamlets | 17 | 40 | 23 | 135 |
Exeter | 31 | 37 | 6 | 19 |
Leeds | 40 | 35 | -5 | -13 |
Nottingham | 30 | 31 | 1 | 3 |
Cornwall | 24 | 29 | 5 | 21 |
Portsmouth | 26 | 29 | 3 | 12 |
Figure 2.3.1: Local authorities with the highest estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020.
The largest increase in the number of people estimated to be sleeping rough was in Tower Hamlets, where there were 40 people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020, compared to 17 last year. According to the local authority, this is thought to be due to a range of reasons related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s employment, relationships and housing situation, with young people and those with no recourse to public funds, most affected.
Generally, the increase in the number of people sleeping rough, according to the local authorities involved, were thought to be largely due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This included people losing their jobs and being unable to pay rent or accommodation tied to jobs, illegal evictions, relationship breakdowns, people who have been sofa surfing being asked to leave and reduced winter shelter provision. According to some local authorities, the increase in the number of people estimated to be sleeping rough is thought to be due to increased outreach services and partnership working giving a more accurate view of the number of people sleeping rough in their area compared to last year.
Table 2.3.2: Local authorities with the largest increase in the estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 compared to previous year.
Local Authority | 2019 | 2020 | Difference | % Change |
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Tower Hamlets | 17 | 40 | 23 | 135 |
Stoke-on-Trent | 16 | 28 | 12 | 75 |
County Durham | 2 | 11 | 9 | 450 |
Croydon | 6 | 15 | 9 | 150 |
East Devon | 4 | 13 | 9 | 225 |
Redditch | 2 | 11 | 9 | 450 |
Barnsley | 2 | 10 | 8 | 400 |
King’s Lynn and West Norfolk | 3 | 11 | 8 | 267 |
Redbridge | 16 | 24 | 8 | 50 |
Bexley | 9 | 16 | 7 | 78 |
Figure 2.3.2: Local authorities with the largest increase in the estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 compared to previous year.
The largest decrease in the number of people sleeping rough was in Hillingdon, where 11 people were estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 compared to 106 people last year. The local authority suggests that the reduction was a result of both ‘Everyone In’ and RSI funding. Furthermore, the local authority suggested the number of people identified as sleeping rough at Heathrow Airport was lower than last year as terminals were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a reduction in the number of people travelling made it easier to identify people who were sleeping rough.
The decrease in the number of people sleeping rough, according to the local authorities involved, was due to the ‘Everyone In’ scheme and other projects funded by the Ministry, including the RSI. ‘Everyone In’ asked all local authorities to immediately house people sleeping rough and those at risk of rough sleeping to protect their health and stop the wider transmission of COVID-19. This ongoing support has helped to protect thousands of vulnerable people during the pandemic. The continued RSI funding has allowed local authorities to expand their outreach services and increase the amount of available accommodation to keep people off the streets.
When comparing the number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn across years, and between local authorities, there are a range of factors that should be considered. For example, the impact of COVID-19, the weather, where people choose to sleep, movement across local authority boundaries particularly in London, the date and time chosen for the snapshot and the availability of night shelters.
Table 2.3.3: Local authorities with the largest decrease in the estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 compared to previous year.
Local Authority | 2019 | 2020 | Difference | % Change |
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Hillingdon | 106 | 11 | -95 | -90 |
Westminster | 333 | 242 | -91 | -27 |
Brighton and Hove | 88 | 27 | -61 | -69 |
Newham | 64 | 6 | -58 | -91 |
Bristol, City of | 98 | 50 | -48 | -49 |
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole | 72 | 25 | -47 | -65 |
Birmingham | 52 | 17 | -35 | -67 |
Windsor and Maidenhead | 40 | 8 | -32 | -80 |
Buckinghamshire | 36 | 5 | -31 | -86 |
Islington | 51 | 20 | -31 | -61 |
Figure 2.3.3: Local authorities with the largest decrease in the estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 compared to previous year.
3. Demographics
Since 2016, the Rough sleeping snapshot has also included some basic demographic information about those people found sleeping rough, including age, gender and nationality. Consistent demographic data which used the same categories has been available from 2017 onwards[footnote 2].
Demographic information was collected either by asking the person found sleeping rough or by referring to existing knowledge (if that person was already known). If a person refused to give, or did not want to share, their personal information, they would still be recorded as sleeping rough and demographic information including age, gender and nationality would be recorded as ‘Not known’, if unknown. If it was not possible to record demographic information, due to an individual sleeping for example, then it was recorded as ‘Not known’.
3.1 Age
Most people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn were aged over 26 years old.
Most people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 were aged over 26 years old, which was similar to previous years. There was 1 person under the age of 18 found sleeping rough in this year’s snapshot. Under 18s who are homeless should be provided with accommodation by Children’s Services in their local authority.
In 2020, there were 2,349 people (87 % of the total) sleeping rough on a single night in autumn who were aged 26 years or over and 138 people (5 % of the total) who were aged between 18 and 25 years. The age of people sleeping rough was ‘Not known’ for 200 people, or 7 % of the total.
Table 3.1.1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by age since 2017.
Year | Under 18 | 18 - 25 | Over 26 | Not Known | Total |
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2017 | 3 | 366 | 3,846 | 536 | 4,751 |
2018 | 1 | 295 | 3,744 | 637 | 4,677 |
2019 | 6 | 201 | 3,542 | 517 | 4,266 |
2020 | 1 | 138 | 2,349 | 200 | 2,688 |
Figure 3.1.1: Proportion of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by age since 2017.
The age breakdown of people sleeping rough was broadly similar across all regions in England.
Table 3.1.2: Proportion of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by age and region since 2017.
Area | Under 18 | 18 - 25 | Over 26 | Not Known |
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England | 0.0 | 5 | 87 | 7 |
Rest of England | 0.1 | 5 | 89 | 6 |
London | 0.0 | 5 | 84 | 10 |
3.2 Gender
Most people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn were male.
Most people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn were male. In 2020, there were 2,277 men (85 % of the total) and 377 women (14 % of the total) sleeping rough on a single night in autumn. Gender was ‘Not known’ for 34 people (1 %). The gender breakdown of people sleeping rough was similar across all regions in England and was similar to previous years.
Table 3.2.1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by gender since 2017.
Year | Male | Female | Not Known | Total |
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2017 | 3,965 | 653 | 133 | 4,751 |
2018 | 3,937 | 642 | 98 | 4,677 |
2019 | 3,534 | 614 | 118 | 4,266 |
2020 | 2,277 | 377 | 34 | 2,688 |
Figure 3.2.1: Proportion of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by gender since 2017.
Table 3.2.2: Proportion of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by gender and region since 2017.
Area | Male | Female | Not Known |
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England | 85 | 14 | 1 |
Rest of England | 85 | 14 | 1 |
London | 83 | 15 | 2 |
3.3 Nationality
Most people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn were from the UK.
Most people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 were from the UK. This is similar to previous years. In 2020, there were 1,922 people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night who were from the UK (72 % of the total), 472 people (18 % of the total) were EU (Non-UK) nationals and 128 people (5 % of the total) were from outside the EU and the UK. The nationality of 166 people (6 % of the total) was ‘Not known’.
Table 3.3.1: Estimated number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by nationality since 2017.
Year | UK | EU (Non-UK) | Non-EU | Not Known | Total |
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2017 | 3,396 | 760 | 193 | 402 | 4,751 |
2018 | 3,013 | 1,048 | 153 | 463 | 4,677 |
2019 | 2,735 | 937 | 151 | 443 | 4,266 |
2020 | 1,922 | 472 | 128 | 166 | 2,688 |
Figure 3.3.1: Proportion of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by nationality since 2017.
In London, nearly half of the people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn were from outside the UK in 2020. In total, 302 people were from the UK (42 % of the total), 270 people (38 % of the total) were EU (Non-UK) nationals and 81 people (11 % of the total) were from outside the EU and the UK. The nationality of 61 people (9 % of the total) was ‘Not known’.
Across the Rest of England, 1,620 people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn were from the UK (82 % of the total), 202 people were EU (Non-UK) nationals (10 % of total), 47 people were from outside the EU and the UK (2 % of total) and for 105 people (5 % of the total) nationality was ‘Not known’.
Table 3.3.2: Proportion of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by nationality and region since 2017.
Area | UK | EU (Non-UK) | Non-EU | Not Known |
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England | 72 | 18 | 5 | 6 |
Rest of England | 82 | 10 | 2 | 5 |
London | 42 | 38 | 11 | 9 |
The number of people estimated to be sleeping rough who were from the UK decreased the most compared to other nationalities. In 2020, there were 1,922 people from the UK estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night compared to 2,735 people in 2019, which is a decrease of 813 people. However, UK nationals make up a larger percentage of the total number of people sleeping rough on a single night in 2020 (72 %) compared to 2019 (64 %).
EU (Non-UK) nationals make up a lower percentage of the total number of people sleeping rough on a single night in 2020 (18 %) compared to 2019 (22 %). This is reflected in the large decrease in people from this year (472 people) compared to last year (937 people), which represents a 50 % decrease in EU (Non-UK) nationals.
There was also a large change in the number of people sleeping rough whose nationality was ‘Not Known’ compared to last year (63 % decrease). This may be due to increased outreach services or improved intelligence gathering from local agencies that supply local authorities with information on people sleeping rough.
Table 3.3.3: Difference to previous year in the number of people sleeping rough on a single night in autumn by nationality.
Nationality | 2019 | 2020 | Difference | % change |
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UK | 2,735 | 1,922 | -813 | -30 |
EU (Non-UK) | 937 | 472 | -465 | -50 |
Non-EU | 151 | 128 | -23 | -15 |
Not Known | 443 | 166 | -277 | -63 |
Total | 4,266 | 2,688 | -1,578 | -37 |
4. Snapshot approach
Most local authorities (86 %) used the same approach for their Rough sleeping snapshot as they did last year.
Most local authorities used an evidence-based meeting for their Rough sleeping snapshot, which is similar to previous years.
Local authorities, in conjunction with local agencies, decide which approach to use for their snapshot of rough sleeping. They are advised to use the approach that will most accurately reflect the number of people sleeping rough in their local authority and will provide an estimate that best meets the local context. There are different approaches a local authority can decide to use, this includes:
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A count-based estimate which is the number of people seen sleeping rough in the local authority on a ‘typical night’ - a single date chosen by the local authority between 1 October and 30 November.
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An evidence-based estimate meeting which is an evidence-based assessment by local agencies, leading to a single snapshot figure that represents the number of people thought to be sleeping rough in the local authority on a ‘typical night’ - a single date chosen by the local authority between 1 October and 30 November.
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An evidence-based estimate meeting including a spotlight count which is the same as above, but with one of the evidence sources also including a street count, which might not be as extensive as the count-based estimate but has taken place after midnight on the ‘typical night’.
In 2020, 275 local authorities (88 %) used an evidence-based estimate meeting or an evidence-based estimate meeting including spotlight count for their Rough sleeping snapshot and 39 local authorities (12 %) used a count-based estimate.
Figure 4.1: Approach used by local authorities for their Rough sleeping snapshot since 2010.
As in previous years, most local authorities used an evidence-based estimate meeting for their Rough sleeping snapshot. More local authorities supplemented their evidence-based estimate meetings with a spotlight count compared to last year. However, we do not know how this compares with earlier years, as although this approach was available, only a distinction between evidence-based estimate meetings and count-based estimates were recorded and published at the time.
Fewer local authorities used a count-based estimate for the Rough sleeping snapshot compared to last year which in some cases was due to areas changing approach following the national restrictions announcement on 31 October 2020, which started on 5 November 2020.
Table 4.1: Approach used by local authorities for their Rough sleeping snapshot compared to previous year.
Approach | 2019 | 2020 |
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Count-based estimate | 78 | 39 |
Evidence-based estimate meeting | 135 | 149 |
Evidence-based estimate meeting (inc. spotlight count) | 104 | 126 |
Total | 317 | 314 |
Local authorities can change approach from year to year but any decision to do so must be guided by whether it will produce the most accurate figure. Homeless Link, who independently verified the Rough sleeping snapshot, ask for details of this decision-making as part of the verification process to ensure any changes meet the guidance. If the reasons given for an approach change were deemed unsatisfactory, then the local authority snapshot figure would not be verified.
There are several reasons why a local authority may change from an evidence-based estimate to a count-based estimate or vice versa from year to year. For example, a local authority may change from an evidence-based estimate to a count-based estimate if there are a lack of local agencies with intelligence about where people are sleeping rough or if agencies refuse to share their data, making it difficult to form an accurate estimate. A local authority may change from a count-based estimate to an evidence-based estimate if there are new sleep sites which are inaccessible or unsafe to access, which would not be included in a count-based estimate.
Due to the impact of COVID-19, further verification was introduced for all areas this year to ensure figures provided were accurate. For any areas that changed from a count-based estimate, following the new national restrictions announcement, Homeless Link verifiers attended the evidence-based estimate meeting in person, by being present at the online estimate meeting. Homeless Link also contacted partner agencies separately (including an independent partner) to complete verification. 14 (4 %) of areas changed approach from a count-based estimate to an evidence-based estimate following the national restrictions announcement, of which 8 included a spotlight count. All these evidence-based estimate meetings were verified in person by a Homeless Link verifier and partner agencies were contacted separately (including an independent partner) to complete verification. Further information about verification is available in the technical report.
The 2018 RSI impact evaluation found that local authorities changing their approach to measuring rough sleeping from count-based estimate to evidence-based estimate and vice versa, was unlikely to account for the fall in rough sleeping seen in these local authorities. A more detailed analysis of the Rough sleeping snapshot overtime was carried out to examine the possible effects of local authorities changing their snapshot approach. This is available in the technical report.
Figure 4.2: Percentage of local authorities that changed approach[footnote 3] for their Rough sleeping snapshot to previous year.
5. Consultation with local agencies
Nearly three quarters of local authorities consulted five or more agencies for their snapshot estimate.
Most local authorities involved the police, voluntary sector and outreach teams for their snapshot estimate.
Local authorities consult local agencies to discuss what intelligence they have about rough sleeping locally to check if there are any factors that might affect the choice of a ‘typical night’ for the estimate. Furthermore, the local authority should involve those local agencies that have the most accurate information about who is sleeping rough. In 2020, every local authority reported that they had consulted with at least one type of local agency, and 74 % reported they had consulted five different groups or more.
The involvement of local agencies is an essential element of the Rough sleeping snapshot. It ensures transparency about how the snapshot was carried out and enables Homeless Link to speak to independent local agencies as part of the verification process. Homeless Link will not verify the process where no local agencies, or only those that are part of or commissioned by the local authority, are involved.
This year, 14 local authorities (4 %) provided figures that were unverified by Homeless Link. This was because they did not involve independent, non-commissioned local partners. These snapshots are still included in this year’s publication but consideration about the lack of independence needs to be considered when interpreting these figures for these specific local authorities.
The main reasons for local authorities not involving independent local agencies was related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In some local authorities, people who were due to attend were either self-isolating or shielding so they could not be involved. In other cases, people had not been working throughout the pandemic so did not have sufficient intelligence about people sleeping rough. Furthermore, some independent partners, who were usually involved in the snapshot, had since been provided with funding to deliver support during the pandemic. This meant they were no longer non-commissioned and therefore not independent. In some other cases, local authorities involved independent, non-commissioned local partners in the planning of the process but not the actual count-based estimate or evidence-based estimate meeting, so these were unverified. Further information about verification is available in the technical report.
Figure 5.1: Number of agencies consulted by local authorities for their Rough sleeping snapshot this year.
In 2020, nearly all local authorities involved the voluntary sector, the police and outreach workers in their Rough sleeping snapshot. Most local authorities also involved substance misuse teams and mental health agencies.
Figure 5.2: Local agencies most involved in the 2020 Rough sleeping snapshot.
6. Technical notes
6.1 Data tables, interactive dashboard and technical report
Four accompanying tables are available alongside this release. These include the number of people sleeping rough, demographic information (i.e. age, gender, nationality), the snapshot approach used and any consultations that took place with local agencies.
An interactive dashboard and infographic enables users to explore trends in rough sleeping since 2010. A technical report explains in more detail how the rough sleeping data is collected and provides an assessment of data quality and data limitations.
6.2 Data quality and limitations
These statistics provide a way of estimating the number of people sleeping rough across England on a single night in autumn and assessing change over time. Accurately estimating the number of people sleeping rough within a local authority is inherently difficult given the hidden nature of rough sleeping. Furthermore, there are a range of factors that can impact on the number of people seen or thought to be sleeping rough on any given night. These include the weather, where people choose to sleep, the date and time chosen, and the availability of alternatives such as available night shelters.
The impact evaluation of the 2018 RSI found that local authorities changing their approach to measuring rough sleeping was unlikely to account for the fall in rough sleeping observed in these local authorities. It also found that the weather on the night of, and leading up to, the snapshot was also unlikely to have impacted on the number of people sleeping rough.
Homeless Link have been funded by MHCLG since 2010 to provide guidance to local authorities who conduct the snapshot of rough sleeping and to independently verify all local authorities’ snapshots. For more information about the quality assurance processes, data limitations and the role of Homeless Link please see the technical report.
The Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR) which is the regulatory arm of the UK Statistics Authority completed a compliance check of the rough sleeping snapshot statistics against the Code of Practice for Statistics. This review considered the value, quality and trustworthiness of these statistics in relation to the Code.
6.3 Related statistics
Combined Homelessness and Information Network (CHAIN)
The Combined Homelessness and Information Network (CHAIN) is a multi-agency database recording information about people seen rough sleeping by outreach teams in London. CHAIN is managed by St Mungo’s, a London-based homeless charity and is used by organisations working with people sleeping rough in London. Information is recorded onto the CHAIN database by people who work directly with people sleeping rough in London (e.g. workers in outreach teams, day centres, hostels and resettlement teams). CHAIN does not cover ‘hidden homeless’ groups, such as those who are squatting or staying in inaccessible locations to outreach workers.
The CHAIN data, which is published quarterly and annually, is not directly comparable to the single night snapshot estimates presented in this release. The CHAIN data most similar to the single night snapshot provides a total count of all individuals seen sleeping rough by outreach teams in London on at least one night during the October to December 2020 quarter. Whereas, the MHCLG single night snapshot for autumn 2020 shows the number of people seen or thought to be sleeping rough on a single night between 1 October and 30 November 2020. The CHAIN database also records more detailed demographic information about people sleeping rough.
Although the CHAIN database provides more information about the flows and characteristics of people sleeping rough in London, MHCLG’s Rough sleeping snapshot provides a way of estimating the number of people sleeping rough on a single night and measuring change over time. CHAIN data quality is influenced by the number of outreach workers active on any one night. A local authority which does not have a commissioned outreach team may appear to have fewer rough sleepers than an adjacent borough which does have an active outreach service.
Deaths of homeless people in England and Wales
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) publishes experimental statistics on the number of deaths of homeless people in England and Wales.
Coronavirus and deaths of homeless people in England and Wales
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) also publishes statistics on the number of identified deaths involving the coronavirus (COVID-19) of people who were homeless..
Hostels and support services
Homeless Link publishes an Annual Review of Single Homelessness support, which includes information about the number of hostels and shelters in England and available bed spaces, as well as the support and services available to single people who become homeless in England.
MHCLG related statistics
The rough sleeping statistics do not provide a definitive number of people or households affected by homelessness in England. The term ‘homelessness’ is much broader than people sleeping rough. It is difficult to provide an accurate estimate of all homelessness across England. Data used to compile any estimate is collated from different datasets, which sample different subsets of the population over different time frames. Any estimate of homelessness in England will collate datasets that are not discrete from one another, which means some individuals may have been included more than once in the estimated total.
Support for people sleeping rough during the COVID-19 pandemic
MHCLG have recently begun to collect and publish new management information about the support for rough sleepers and those at risk of rough sleeping, as part of the ‘Everyone In’ scheme in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rough sleeping questionnaire
MHCLG recently developed and published the initial report on the rough sleeping questionnaire (RSQ), which represents one of the largest survey data collections on people who sleep rough ever attempted in the UK. The report provides insights into the experiences of people who have slept rough, including their support needs and vulnerabilities, experiences of homelessness and use of public services, as well as an estimate of the fiscal cost associated with someone who sleeps rough.
Statutory homelessness
MHCLG also collect and publish quarterly statistics on the broad characteristics and circumstances of households owed a statutory homelessness duty. This includes households who approach the council for help with housing who are sleeping rough. The Statutory Homelessness statistics includes some but not all of the people provided with accommodation in response to COVID-19 through the ‘Everyone In’ scheme. Not all individuals assisted through ‘Everyone In’ would have been owed a homelessness duty. Any individual not owed a homelessness duty would not be part of the local authority case level data submission to MHCLG and therefore would not be included in the Statutory Homelessness statistics. People sleeping rough will only be recorded in these statistics if they have made an application that has been accepted by the local authority.
Hidden homelessness
MHCLG produce other statistical releases that can help build up the wider homelessness picture. For example, the English Housing Survey publishes data on the number of people sofa surfing and concealed households in England, which are additional adults in a household who wanted to rent or buy but could not afford to do so. In addition, the CORE social housing lettings collection publishes data on those moving from homelessness into Local Authority/ Private Registered Providers accommodation.
Expenditure on homelessness
MHCLG publish statistics on local authority revenue expenditure and financing in England. The RO4 return within the Revenue Outturn suite relates to housing services and includes information on local authorities’ expenditure on homelessness activities.
6.4 Revisions policy
This policy has been developed in accordance with the UK Statistics Authority Code of Practice for statistics and the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government Revisions Policy. There are two types of revisions that the policy covers:
Non-Scheduled Revisions Where a substantial error has occurred as a result of the compilation, imputation or dissemination process. The statistical release, live tables and other accompanying releases will be updated with a correction notice as soon as is practical.
If a local authority notifies MHCLG of an error in the information they have submitted after publication of the release, a decision on whether to revise will be made based upon the impact of any change and the effect it has on the interpretation of the data.
Scheduled Revisions There are no scheduled revisions for this release.
6.5 Uses of the data
The data in this statistical release provide evidence on the prevalence of and trends in rough sleeping in England.
Within MHCLG they are used:
-
For ministerial briefing and correspondence, Parliamentary Questions, Freedom of Information Act cases and to answer public enquiries.
-
As background to policy development.
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For monitoring policy, allocating resources, performance monitoring and to support bids for funding from the Treasury.
Outside of MHCLG users include:
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Local housing authorities for monitoring progress, planning and commissioning services to prevent and tackle rough sleeping.
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Other government departments (e.g. Department for Health and Social Care, Public Health Outcomes Framework).
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The voluntary sector and academics to monitor and evaluate housing policy and for campaigning and fundraising purposes.
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EU bodies to compare homelessness across Europe (e.g. FEANTSA Overview of Housing Exclusion in Europe).
6.6 User engagement
Users are encouraged to provide feedback on how these statistics are used and how well they meet user needs. Comments on any issues relating to this statistical release are welcomed and encouraged.
Please contact roughsleepingstatistics@communities.gov.uk if you have any feedback or comments.
See the Ministry’s engagement strategy to meet the needs of statistics users.
6.7 Devolved administration statistics
The devolved administrations publish their own statistics on homelessness which contain information on rough sleeping:
-
The Scottish Government publishes figures on the number of households applying to the local authority for assistance under homelessness legislation who say they have slept rough the previous night or have reported their housing situation as ‘long term roofless’.
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The Welsh Government publish a national annual rough sleeping monitoring exercise, which includes a two week information gathering exercise followed by a one night snapshot count. This is carried out by local authorities, in partnership with other local agencies to gauge the extent of rough sleeping across Wales. This was not carried out this year due to the pandemic. The Welsh Government is also collecting and publishing management information on persons placed into temporary accommodation and rough sleepers in response to the pandemic.
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The governing legislation for homelessness in Northern Ireland is the Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 (as amended). Unlike the other three UK nations, housing is allocated by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE), which covers the whole of Northern Ireland, rather than by local authorities. In Northern Ireland, statistics on homelessness are obtained from the NIHE. They carry out an annual street count in Belfast in partnership with other local agencies and homeless organisations.
Comparing between UK countries
The figures are not directly comparable between countries as they have a different methodology, coverage and are carried out at different time periods. ONS recently published a report and an interactive tool on the comparability and coherence of existing UK government data sources on homelessness.
Pre-release access The pre-release access list gives details about the officials who have 24 hours pre-release access to the Ministry’s rough sleeping statistics prior to publication.
7. Enquiries
Media
Telephone: 0303 444 1209
Email: newsdesk@communities.gov.uk
Statistical enquiries
Telephone: 0303 444 2623 or 8941
Email: roughsleepingstatistics@communities.gov.uk
Responsible Analysts: Jon White & Anthony Ash
Information on Official Statistics is available via the UK Statistics Authority website.
Information about statistics at MHCLG is available via the Ministry’s website.
8. Annex: Regional maps
The following regional maps detail the number of people estimated to be sleeping rough on a single night in autumn 2020 for each local authority in England.
8.1 London
Number of people sleeping rough in London on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Barking and Dagenham | BraD | Count | 10 |
Barnet | Barnt | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Bexley | Bxly | Estimate | 16 |
Brent | Brent | Count | 12 |
Bromley | Brml | Count | 1 |
Camden | Cmdn | Count | 42 |
City of London | CtoL | Estimate including spotlight | 23 |
Croydon | Cryd | Count | 15 |
Ealing | Elng | Count | 25 |
Enfield | Enfl | Estimate including spotlight | 19 |
Greenwich | Grnw | Count | 11 |
Hackney | Hckn | Count | 18 |
Hammersmith and Fulham | HmaF | Estimate | 4 |
Haringey | Hrng | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Harrow | Hrrw | Estimate | 6 |
Havering | Hvrn | Estimate | 3 |
Hillingdon | Hlln | Count | 11 |
Hounslow | Hnsl | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Islington | Isln | Estimate including spotlight | 20 |
Kensington and Chelsea | KnaC | Count | 21 |
Kingston upon Thames | KnuT | Count | 14 |
Lambeth | Lmbt | Estimate including spotlight | 20 |
Lewisham | Lwsh | Count | 12 |
Merton | Mrtn | Estimate | 13 |
Newham | Nwhm | Count | 6 |
Redbridge | Rdbr | Estimate including spotlight | 24 |
Richmond upon Thames | RcuT | Count | 7 |
Southwark | Sthw | Count | 24 |
Sutton | Sttn | Count | 1 |
Tower Hamlets | TwrH | Estimate including spotlight | 40 |
Waltham Forest | WltF | Estimate | 18 |
Wandsworth | Wnds | Count | 16 |
Westminster | Wstm | Count | 242 |
8.2 South East
Number of people sleeping rough in the South East on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Adur | Adur | Estimate | 0 |
Arun | Arun | Estimate including spotlight | 15 |
Ashford | Ashfr | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Basingstoke and Deane | BsaD | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Bracknell Forest | BrcF | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Brighton and Hove | BraH | Estimate including spotlight | 27 |
Buckinghamshire | Bckn | Estimate | 5 |
Canterbury | Cntr | Estimate including spotlight | 24 |
Cherwell | Chrw | Estimate | 10 |
Chichester | Chch | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Crawley | Crwl | Estimate | 11 |
Dartford | Drtf | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Dover | Dovr | Count | 7 |
East Hampshire | EstHm | Estimate | 1 |
Eastbourne | Estb | Estimate including spotlight | 14 |
Eastleigh | Estl | Estimate | 0 |
Elmbridge | Elmb | Estimate | 5 |
Epsom and Ewell | EpaE | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Fareham | Frhm | Estimate | 3 |
Folkestone and Hythe | FlaH | Count | 12 |
Gosport | Gspr | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Gravesham | Grvs | Estimate including spotlight | 11 |
Guildford | Gldf | Estimate | 10 |
Hart | Hart | Estimate | 2 |
Hastings | Hstn | Estimate including spotlight | 16 |
Havant | Hvnt | Estimate | 5 |
Horsham | Hrsh | Estimate including spotlight | 5 |
Isle of Wight | IsoW | Estimate | 4 |
Lewes | Lews | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Maidstone | Mdst | Estimate including spotlight | 2 |
Medway | Mdwy | Count | 3 |
Mid Sussex | MdSs | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Milton Keynes | MltK | Estimate | 18 |
Mole Valley | MlVl | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
New Forest | NwFr | Estimate | 17 |
Oxford | Oxfr | Count | 19 |
Portsmouth | Prts | Estimate | 29 |
Reading | Rdng | Estimate including spotlight | 19 |
Reigate and Banstead | RgaB | Estimate including spotlight | 2 |
Rother | Rothr | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Runnymede | Rnny | Estimate | 2 |
Rushmoor | Rshm | Estimate | 9 |
Sevenoaks | Svnk | Estimate | 6 |
Slough | Slgh | Estimate including spotlight | 17 |
South Oxfordshire | SthO | Estimate | 3 |
Southampton | Sthm | Estimate including spotlight | 19 |
Spelthorne | Splt | Estimate | 6 |
Surrey Heath | SrrH | Estimate | 7 |
Swale | Swal | Estimate | 5 |
Tandridge | Tndrd | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
Test Valley | TstV | Estimate | 3 |
Thanet | Thnt | Estimate including spotlight | 24 |
Tonbridge and Malling | TnaM | Estimate | 6 |
Tunbridge Wells | TnbW | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Vale of White Horse | VoWH | Estimate | 1 |
Waverley | Wvrl | Estimate | 3 |
Wealden | Wldn | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
West Berkshire | WstB | Estimate | 9 |
West Oxfordshire | WstO | Estimate | 5 |
Winchester | Wnch | Estimate including spotlight | 7 |
Windsor and Maidenhead | WnaM | Estimate | 8 |
Woking | Wokng | Estimate | 1 |
Wokingham | Wkngh | Count | 1 |
Worthing | Wrth | Estimate | 3 |
8.3 East of England
Number of people sleeping rough in the East of England on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Babergh | Bbrg | Estimate | 6 |
Basildon | Bsld | Count | 3 |
Bedford | Bdfr | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Braintree | Brntr | Estimate | 0 |
Breckland | Brck | Estimate | 8 |
Brentwood | Brntw | Estimate | 0 |
Broadland | Brdl | Estimate | 3 |
Broxbourne | Brxb | Estimate | 3 |
Cambridge | Cmbr | Count | 16 |
Castle Point | CstP | Estimate | 1 |
Central Bedfordshire | CntB | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Chelmsford | Chlm | Estimate | 9 |
Colchester | Clch | Estimate | 4 |
Dacorum | Dcrm | Estimate including spotlight | 7 |
East Cambridgeshire | EstC | Estimate | 0 |
East Hertfordshire | EstHr | Estimate | 6 |
East Suffolk | EstSf | Estimate including spotlight | 10 |
Epping Forest | EppF | Estimate | 1 |
Fenland | Fnln | Estimate including spotlight | 5 |
Great Yarmouth | GrtY | Estimate including spotlight | 18 |
Harlow | Hrlw | Estimate | 4 |
Hertsmere | Hrts | Estimate | 11 |
Huntingdonshire | Hntn | Estimate | 8 |
Ipswich | Ipsw | Estimate including spotlight | 9 |
King’s Lynn and West Norfolk | KLaWN | Estimate | 11 |
Luton | Lutn | Estimate including spotlight | 15 |
Maldon | Mldn | Estimate | 1 |
Mid Suffolk | MdSf | Estimate | 1 |
North Hertfordshire | NrtH | Estimate | 2 |
North Norfolk | NrtN | Estimate | 7 |
Norwich | Nrwc | Count | 21 |
Peterborough | Ptrb | Estimate including spotlight | 9 |
Rochford | Rchf | Estimate | 1 |
South Cambridgeshire | SthC | Estimate | 3 |
South Norfolk | SthNrf | Estimate | 2 |
Southend-on-Sea | S–S | Count | 8 |
St Albans | StAl | Estimate including spotlight | 2 |
Stevenage | Stvn | Estimate | 6 |
Tendring | Tndrn | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Three Rivers | ThrR | Estimate | 4 |
Thurrock | Thrr | Estimate | 5 |
Uttlesford | Uttl | Estimate | 0 |
Watford | Wtfr | Count | 8 |
Welwyn Hatfield | WlwH | Estimate | 2 |
West Suffolk | WstS | Estimate | 14 |
8.4 South West
Number of people sleeping rough in the South West on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Bath and North East Somerset | BaNES | Estimate including spotlight | 13 |
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole | BCaP | Count | 25 |
Bristol, City of | B,Co | Count | 50 |
Cheltenham | Chlt | Estimate | 6 |
Cornwall | Crnw | Estimate including spotlight | 29 |
Cotswold | Ctsw | Estimate | 5 |
Dorset | Drst | Estimate | 16 |
East Devon | EstD | Estimate | 13 |
Exeter | Extr | Estimate including spotlight | 37 |
Forest of Dean | FroD | Estimate | 0 |
Gloucester | Glcs | Estimate | 11 |
Isles of Scilly | IsoS | Estimate | 0 |
Mendip | Mndp | Estimate including spotlight | 17 |
Mid Devon | MdDv | Estimate | 2 |
North Devon | NrtD | Estimate including spotlight | 12 |
North Somerset | NrtS | Estimate including spotlight | 10 |
Plymouth | Plym | Count | 16 |
Sedgemoor | Sdgm | Estimate | 9 |
Somerset West and Taunton | SWaT | Estimate including spotlight | 18 |
South Gloucestershire | SthG | Estimate | 5 |
South Hams | SthHm | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
South Somerset | SthSm | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Stroud | Strd | Estimate | 5 |
Swindon | Swnd | Estimate including spotlight | 9 |
Teignbridge | Tgnb | Estimate | 6 |
Tewkesbury | Twks | Estimate | 1 |
Torbay | Trby | Estimate | 19 |
Torridge | Trrd | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
West Devon | WstD | Estimate | 0 |
Wiltshire | Wlts | Estimate including spotlight | 12 |
8.5 West Midlands
Number of people sleeping rough in the West Midlands on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Birmingham | Brmn | Count | 17 |
Bromsgrove | Brms | Estimate | 2 |
Cannock Chase | CnnC | Estimate | 8 |
Coventry | Cvnt | Count | 8 |
Dudley | Ddly | Estimate | 4 |
East Staffordshire | EstSt | Count | 0 |
Herefordshire, County of | H,Co | Estimate including spotlight | 16 |
Lichfield | Lchf | Estimate | 3 |
Malvern Hills | MlvH | Estimate | 3 |
Newcastle-under-Lyme | N–L | Estimate | 9 |
North Warwickshire | NrtW | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Nuneaton and Bedworth | NnaB | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Redditch | Rddt | Estimate | 11 |
Rugby | Rgby | Estimate including spotlight | 5 |
Sandwell | Sndw | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Shropshire | Shrp | Estimate | 23 |
Solihull | Slhl | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
South Staffordshire | SthSt | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
Stafford | Stff | Estimate | 10 |
Staffordshire Moorlands | StfM | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Stoke-on-Trent | Stk–T | Estimate | 28 |
Stratford-on-Avon | S–A | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Tamworth | Tmwr | Estimate | 5 |
Telford and Wrekin | TlaW | Estimate | 12 |
Walsall | Wlsl | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Warwick | Wrwc | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Wolverhampton | Wlvr | Estimate | 6 |
Worcester | Wrcs | Estimate including spotlight | 12 |
Wychavon | Wych | Estimate | 4 |
Wyre Forest | WyrF | Estimate | 4 |
8.6 East Midlands
Number of people sleeping rough in the East Midlands on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Amber Valley | AmbV | Estimate including spotlight | 2 |
Ashfield | Ashfl | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Bassetlaw | Bsst | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Blaby | Blby | Estimate | 0 |
Bolsover | Blsv | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Boston | Bstn | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Broxtowe | Brxt | Estimate including spotlight | 2 |
Charnwood | Chrn | Estimate | 5 |
Chesterfield | Chst | Estimate including spotlight | 9 |
Corby | Crby | Estimate | 7 |
Daventry | Dvnt | Estimate | 1 |
Derby | Drby | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Derbyshire Dales | DrbD | Estimate including spotlight | 2 |
East Lindsey | EstL | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
East Northamptonshire | EstN | Estimate | 5 |
Erewash | Erws | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Gedling | Gdln | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Harborough | Hrbr | Estimate | 2 |
High Peak | HghP | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Hinckley and Bosworth | HnaB | Estimate | 2 |
Kettering | Kttr | Estimate | 1 |
Leicester | Lcst | Estimate including spotlight | 12 |
Lincoln | Lncl | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Mansfield | Mnsf | Estimate including spotlight | 7 |
Melton | Mltn | Estimate | 3 |
Newark and Sherwood | NwaS | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
North East Derbyshire | NrED | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
North Kesteven | NrtK | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
North West Leicestershire | NrWL | Estimate | 1 |
Northampton | Nrthmp | Count | 9 |
Nottingham | Nttn | Estimate including spotlight | 31 |
Oadby and Wigston | OdaW | Estimate | 0 |
Rushcliffe | Rshc | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Rutland | Rtln | Estimate | 2 |
South Derbyshire | SthD | Estimate | 2 |
South Holland | SthHl | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
South Kesteven | SthK | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
South Northamptonshire | SthNrt | Estimate | 3 |
Wellingborough | Wlln | Estimate | 9 |
West Lindsey | WstLnd | Estimate | 1 |
8.7 Yorkshire and The Humber
Number of people sleeping rough in Yorkshire and The Humber on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Barnsley | Brns | Estimate including spotlight | 10 |
Bradford | Brdf | Estimate including spotlight | 5 |
Calderdale | Cldr | Estimate | 6 |
Craven | Crvn | Estimate | 4 |
Doncaster | Dncs | Estimate including spotlight | 13 |
East Riding of Yorkshire | ERoY | Estimate | 11 |
Hambleton | Hmbl | Estimate | 0 |
Harrogate | Hrrg | Estimate | 6 |
Kingston upon Hull, City of | KuHCo | Estimate including spotlight | 19 |
Kirklees | Krkl | Estimate | 4 |
Leeds | Leds | Count | 35 |
North East Lincolnshire | NrEL | Estimate including spotlight | 7 |
North Lincolnshire | NrtL | Estimate | 9 |
Richmondshire | Rchm | Estimate | 1 |
Rotherham | Rthrh | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Ryedale | Rydl | Estimate | 1 |
Scarborough | Scrb | Estimate | 11 |
Selby | Slby | Estimate | 2 |
Sheffield | Shff | Count | 24 |
Wakefield | Wkfl | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
York | York | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
8.8 North West
Number of people sleeping rough in the North West on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
Allerdale | Allr | Estimate | 1 |
Barrow-in-Furness | B–F | Estimate | 0 |
Blackburn with Darwen | BlwD | Estimate | 18 |
Blackpool | Blck | Estimate | 10 |
Bolton | Bltn | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Burnley | Brnl | Estimate | 3 |
Bury | Bury | Estimate | 7 |
Carlisle | Crls | Estimate | 1 |
Cheshire East | ChsE | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Cheshire West and Chester | CWaC | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Chorley | Chrl | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
Copeland | Cpln | Estimate | 0 |
Eden | Eden | Estimate | 2 |
Fylde | Fyld | Estimate | 6 |
Halton | Hltn | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
Hyndburn | Hynd | Estimate | 4 |
Knowsley | Knws | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Lancaster | Lncs | Estimate | 2 |
Liverpool | Lvrp | Estimate including spotlight | 10 |
Manchester | Mnch | Count | 68 |
Oldham | Oldh | Estimate including spotlight | 2 |
Pendle | Pndl | Estimate | 0 |
Preston | Prst | Estimate including spotlight | 13 |
Ribble Valley | RbbV | Estimate | 1 |
Rochdale | Rchd | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Rossendale | Rssn | Estimate | 0 |
Salford | Slfr | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Sefton | Sftn | Estimate | 3 |
South Lakeland | SthL | Estimate | 4 |
South Ribble | SthR | Estimate | 1 |
St. Helens | St.H | Estimate including spotlight | 4 |
Stockport | Stck | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Tameside | Tmsd | Estimate including spotlight | 3 |
Trafford | Trff | Estimate | 7 |
Warrington | Wrrn | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
West Lancashire | WstLnc | Estimate | 0 |
Wigan | Wign | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Wirral | Wrrl | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Wyre | Wyre | Estimate | 5 |
8.9 North East
Number of people sleeping rough in the North East on a single night in autumn 2020
Local Authority | Abbreviation | Approach | Single night estimate |
---|---|---|---|
County Durham | CntD | Estimate including spotlight | 11 |
Darlington | Drln | Estimate | 2 |
Gateshead | Gtsh | Estimate including spotlight | 0 |
Hartlepool | Hrtl | Estimate | 8 |
Middlesbrough | Mddl | Count | 8 |
Newcastle upon Tyne | NwuT | Estimate | 13 |
North Tyneside | NrtT | Estimate | 3 |
Northumberland | Nrthmb | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Redcar and Cleveland | RdaC | Estimate including spotlight | 1 |
South Tyneside | SthT | Estimate | 6 |
Stockton-on-Tees | Stc–T | Estimate including spotlight | 8 |
Sunderland | Sndr | Estimate including spotlight | 6 |
Footnotes:
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This definition has been in place since the snapshot methodology was introduced in 2010. ↩
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Demographic information was collected for the first time in 2016. The totals included ‘Not known’ but not all local authorities were able to provide exact numbers of these ‘Not known’ responses. Therefore this information is not comparable with later years. ↩
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Only approach changes from a “Count-based estimate” to “Evidence-based estimate” or “Evidence-based estimate” to a “Count-based estimate” were considered as a change in approach. “Evidence-based estimate” to “Evidence-based estimate including spotlight” (or vice versa) were not recognised as a change in approach. We did not routinely collect and report information about evidence-based estimates including spotlight counts before 2018 despite this approach being available - these were all classified as estimates. ↩