Research and analysis

Annual epidemiological spotlight on HIV in Yorkshire and Humber: 2024 data

Updated 10 July 2026

Applies to England

Summary

During 2024, UKHSA engaged in a stakeholders’ review on language use for HIV. Consequently, a number of changes have been made to the language used in this report. These include reference to gender identity, sexual orientation and probable route of exposure:

• for gay, bisexual and all men who have sex with men, the abbreviation is gay and bisexual men (instead of GBMSM or sex between men)
• for heterosexual men or men who acquired HIV through sex with women, we abbreviate as heterosexual men (instead of men exposed through sex with women)
• for heterosexual and bisexual women or women who acquired HIV through sex with men, we use heterosexual women (instead of women exposed through sex with men)

In previous STI Spotlights reports, counts of new HIV diagnoses included people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England (referred to as “previously diagnosed abroad”). These cases do not reflect HIV acquired in England and most of them are rapidly linked to care shortly after arrival, making the majority extremely unlikely to pass on HIV in England (1). For this report, reflecting changes in national HIV statistics, reference to new HIV diagnoses now only includes diagnoses first made in England.

In 2024, the epidemiology and burden of HIV in Yorkshire and Humber have continued to evolve. Compared to 2023, the number of new HIV diagnoses first diagnosed in Yorkshire and Humber has increased whilst the number of cases previously diagnosed abroad has decreased. This differs from England where there was a 2% decrease in the number of new diagnoses and a 25% decrease in individuals diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England compared to 2023 (1). As described above, new HIV diagnoses now exclusively refers to diagnoses first made in England and excludes diagnoses previously made abroad. The proportion of new diagnoses in ethnic minorities continued to increase, with the largest proportion in black African persons.

HIV remains an important public health problem in Yorkshire and Humber. There were 199 new HIV diagnoses in 2024, an increase of 27% compared to 2023. The corresponding rate (4 per 100,000) is slightly higher than the national average and gives Yorkshire and Humber the fifth highest rate of new HIV diagnoses outside of London in 2024. The increase in new diagnoses in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024 is the second consecutive annual increase.

Across the local authorities in Yorkshire and Humber, Doncaster reported the highest rate of new HIV diagnoses (7 per 100,000), followed by Kingston upon Hull (7 per 100,000), Leeds (6 per 100,000) and Sheffield (6 per 100,000), all of which reported rates above the regional average (4 per 100,000). The rate of HIV remained highest in those living in the most deprived deciles and lowest in the least deprived.

The number of people receiving an HIV test in England at sexual health services (SHS) continues to recover from pandemic levels, with a 15% increase in 2024 compared to 2023. In Yorkshire and Humber, a more moderate increase in testing was observed: 79,769 people were tested across all SHS, representing an increase of 5% compared to 2023. All testing data should be interpreted with caution as online tests are not included in this count.

Heterosexual contact accounted for the majority of new diagnoses (68%). In 2024, there were 136 new diagnoses in heterosexuals compared to 92 new diagnoses in 2023. This increase in heterosexually acquired new diagnoses is seen across all age groups. In gay and bisexual men, the number of new diagnoses were relatively stable with 52 new diagnoses in 2024, compared to 49 in 2023.

49% of new cases in Yorkshire and Humber were in people of Black African ethnicity in 2024, an increase from 38% in 2023. 45% of new diagnoses in Yorkshire and Humber were diagnosed late in the period from 2022 to 2024, higher than the England percentage of 43%. Heterosexuals and people of Black African ethnicity were more likely to be diagnosed late in Yorkshire and Humber. The number of deaths fell to 48 in 2024 compared to 66 in 2023.

Of those people who were HIV negative and recognised as having a PrEP need, 68% initiated or continued with PrEP. Consistent use of PrEP can be an effective intervention to prevent HIV acquisition. Despite PrEP being routinely available through specialist SHS, awareness, accessibility and uptake of primary prevention initiatives is variable for different population groups. Of gay and bisexual men with an identified PrEP need, 73.4% initiated or continued PrEP, compared to only 35.5% of heterosexual women or 36.2% of heterosexual men. Addressing this disparity is key to HIV prevention.

New diagnoses

In 2024, 199 Yorkshire and Humber residents were newly diagnosed with HIV, accounting for 7% of new diagnoses in England. This number of new diagnoses in Yorkshire and Humber represents a rise of 27% from 2023. Nationally, there has been a decrease in the number of new diagnoses. Despite this increase in new diagnosis, the new diagnosis rate for Yorkshire and Humber residents (4 per 100,000) was below that of England in 2024 (5 per 100,000). Yorkshire and Humber had the 7th highest rate of new diagnoses for regions in England, compared to being 6th in 2023.

Among local authorities in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024, Doncaster and Kingston upon Hull had the highest rate of new HIV diagnoses at 7 per 100,000. Leeds and Sheffield had the second highest rate at 6 per 100,000. All are above the England rate of 5 per 100,000. It is important to note that cases previously diagnosed abroad are no longer included in the count of new diagnoses, producing substantially different rates to those reported in 2023.

In 2024, 26% of all new diagnoses in Yorkshire and Humber residents were in gay and bisexual men (compared to 31% in 2023 and 50% in 2015). This corresponds to 61% lower numbers of gay and bisexual men resident in Yorkshire and Humber newly diagnosed with HIV (52, adjusted for missing information) compared to 2015. Of the gay and bisexual men newly diagnosed with HIV 55% were White and 60% were UK-born. The number of new diagnoses in gay and bisexual men was highest in the 25-to-34-year age group.

Heterosexual contact was the most frequent infection route for new diagnoses in Yorkshire and Humber residents in 2024 (68%). Infections in African born persons accounted for 61% of all heterosexually acquired cases in 2024 (n=67), compared to 39% (n=39) in 2015. Black Africans represented 49% of all newly diagnosed Yorkshire and Humber residents in 2024 (compared to 48% in 2023 and 20% in 2015). A small proportion of new diagnoses in 2024 were in Black Caribbeans (1%). Infections in UK born persons accounted for 29% of all heterosexually acquired cases in 2024. This percentage cannot be compared to the 2023 figure of 6% as it no longer includes people previously diagnosed abroad. The number of new diagnoses likely acquired through heterosexual exposure was highest in the 35-to-44-year age group.

Injecting drug use accounted for just 1% of new diagnoses in Yorkshire and Humber residents.

Late diagnoses

Reducing late HIV diagnoses is one of the indicators in the Public Health Outcomes Framework and HIV Action Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. A late HIV diagnosis is defined as having a CD4 count below 350 cells per cubic millimetre (mm³) of blood within 91 days of diagnosis and no evidence of a recent infection (2). People who are diagnosed late have a tenfold higher risk of mortality within one year of diagnosis compared to those diagnosed promptly.

It is of particular concern that a large proportion of Yorkshire and Humber residents with HIV are diagnosed late (45% from 2022 to 2024, compared to 43% in England). Between 2022 and 2024 injection drug users have the highest proportion of late diagnoses (62%), though the largest number of late diagnoses was of heterosexual females (52). Among the local authorities, there is significant variation in the percentage diagnosed late, with East Riding of Yorkshire having the highest percentage at 78% diagnosed late to North East Lincolnshire at the lowest with less than 1% diagnosed late.

In Yorkshire and Humber, heterosexuals were more likely to be diagnosed late (49% of males, 43% of females) than gay and bisexual men (42%). By ethnic group, Black Africans were more likely to be diagnosed late than the White population (48% and 47% respectively).

People living with diagnosed HIV

The 6,810 people living with diagnosed HIV in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024 was 5% higher than in 2023 and 47% higher than in 2015. This increase is partly due to the effectiveness of HIV treatment, which has reduced the number of deaths from HIV.

The diagnosed prevalence rate of HIV in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024 was 2 per 1,000 residents aged 15 to 59 years. This was equal to the 2 per 1,000 observed in England as a whole (small differences may be hidden by rounding). Amongst the other regions, Yorkshire had the third lowest rate per 1,000 with only the South West (1.5) and North East (1.4) having a lower prevalence. Three local authorities in Yorkshire and Humber had a diagnosed HIV prevalence greater than the threshold for expanded HIV testing (2 per 1,000 population aged 15 to 59 in 2024): Leeds (2.8), Sheffield (2.2) and Barnsley (2). Barnsley has not previously been above the threshold.

The 2 most common probable routes of transmission for Yorkshire and Humber residents living with diagnosed HIV in 2024 were sex between men and women (61%) and sex between men (34%).

In 2024, 47% of those living with diagnosed HIV in Yorkshire and Humber were aged 50 years and over (up from 27% in 2015), and 40% were aged between 35 and 49 years. Males represented 59% of Yorkshire and Humber residents living with diagnosed HIV in 2024 and females represented 41%.

In 2024, 45% of Yorkshire and Humber residents living with diagnosed HIV were White and 44% were Black Africans. However, due to the relative sizes of the White and Black African populations the rate per 1,000 population aged 15 to 59 years was much higher in Black Africans (37 per 1,000) than in the White population (one per 1,000).

HIV testing

A total of 55,909 people were tested in specialist sexual health services (SHSs) in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024, an increase of 60% since 2020 and an increase of 15% since 2023, though remains below pre-pandemic levels of 82,063 tests in 2019. The HIV testing rate (per 100,000 population) at all SHSs in Yorkshire and Humber was 1,682, which is lower than the England rate of 2,843. HIV testing rates in all SHSs (specialist and non-specialist services) in Yorkshire and Humber is higher in men (1,609) than women (1,565).

PrEP

In 2024, 8% of HIV-negative Yorkshire and Humber residents accessing SHSs in England were defined as having a PrEP need, among whom 68% initiated or continued PrEP. Of those with PrEP need, 89% had this need identified at a clinical consultation. Among gay and bisexual men, the group with greatest need, 74% were identified as having a PreP need, of whom 91% were identified at a clinical consultation. Seventy-three percent of those with a PrEP need initiated or continued PrEP. Consistent use of PrEP can be an efficacious and effective intervention to prevent HIV acquisition. Despite PrEP being routinely available through specialist SHS, awareness, accessibility and uptake of primary prevention initiatives is variable for different population groups. Addressing this disparity is key to HIV prevention.

HIV in England

The HIV Action Plan for England, 2025 to 2030 was published on 1 December 2025. It sets UNAIDS 2025 ambitions to reduce HIV transmission (measured by new HIV diagnoses) and AIDS-related deaths by 90% between 2010 and 2030. New diagnoses among White gay and bisexual men are on track to reach the ambition, however further work is needed over the next 5 years for other population groups such as ethnic minorities gay and bisexual men, Black African and other ethnic minorities heterosexual populations. This is why HIV Official Statistics this year highlight progress along the HIV pathway for 5 population groups.

The number of people first diagnosed with HIV in England decreased by 2% in 2024 (2,838 in 2023 to 2,773) (3). Gay and bisexual men accounted for almost 30% of new HIV diagnoses (810 of 2,773), with heterosexual men 23% (634) and heterosexual women 27% (749). Within and between these population groups, there remains evidence of considerable inequalities (3). Further provision of services that are culturally competent and accessible to diverse populations is needed.

The number of new HIV diagnoses in England decreased by 6% (859 to 810) in 2024 for gay and bisexual men (3). However, this reduction was not seen consistently among all ethnic groups. While a reduction of 6% was observed among White gay and bisexual men (488 to 461), new HIV diagnoses increased among Black (15%, 80 to 92) and Asian (6%, 101 to 107) gay and bisexual men. Nearly half (48%, 386 of 810) of the gay and bisexual men newly diagnosed in England in 2024 were born abroad.

For heterosexuals, the number of new HIV diagnoses were similar in 2024 compared to 2023 (1,371 to 1,383), although numbers increased for heterosexual men (by 3%, 615 to 634) and decreased marginally for heterosexual women (by 1%, 755 to 749) (3). As with gay and bisexual men, for heterosexuals, there was considerable variation between ethnic groups. Notably, new HIV diagnoses among Black African heterosexual men increased by 15% (231 to 265) but decreased by 5% among Black African heterosexual women (441 to 418). Of the heterosexual men newly diagnosed in 2024, 27% (170 of 634) were known to be born in the UK and 68% (431 of 634) abroad. Among women, 15% (116 of 749) were known to be born in the UK and 77% (580 of 749) abroad.

Overall, the number of people tested for HIV in sexual health services (SHSs) in England was 3% higher in 2024 than 2023 but has not fully recovered to pre-pandemic (2019) levels for all groups. Whereas testing increased markedly within specialist SHSs (9%), non-specialist online testing declined by 4% in 2024. The proportion of people tested through online consultations at all SHSs (compared to face-to-face) fell by 3%, continuing a year-on-year reduction in this proportion since a peak in 2021. There was a 7% decrease in the HIV testing rate in all SHSs in people aged 15 to 24 years. This compares to a continued increase in the HIV testing rate in all other age groups.

Testing increases were observed across gender and sexual orientation groups (gay and bisexual men 2%, heterosexual men 5%, heterosexual woman 2%). Consistently increased testing for gay and bisexual men, coupled with an overall decline in HIV test positivity (0.3% in 2020 to 0.2% in 2024) suggests that there may be a reduction in transmission in this community. HIV test positivity in heterosexual men and women has remained similar in 2023 and 2024 (0.05% to 0.06%, and 0.08% to 0.08%, respectively). The programme of emergency departments (ED) opt-out testing for bloodborne viruses continues to be a successful approach for HIV diagnoses, contributing to 8% of all new HIV diagnoses in 2024.

The number of people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England fell markedly in 2024 (3,363 to 2,525) with a corresponding 15% drop in all HIV diagnoses (6,201 to 5,298). The reduction in the number of people diagnosed before continuing care in England was most pronounced in heterosexual women (33%), compared to reductions in heterosexual men (11%) and gay and bisexual men (21%). The decline in the number of people diagnosed before continuing care in England in 2024 varied by ethnic group. The largest proportionate reductions in numbers (compared to 2023) were seen in people of Black Other (30%, 79 to 55), Black African (28%, 2,196 to 1,587), Asian (25%, 228 to 172), Other or Mixed (25%, 288 to 216) and White (22%, 326 to 253) ethnicities.

The number of people receiving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) via SHSs has been increasing on an annual basis since 2020, increasing by 7.7% between 2023 and 2024 (111,123 in 2024 versus 103,138 in 2023). However, inequalities in access remain. While the overall number of gay and bisexual men with unmet HIV PrEP need was highest, there is proportionally greater unidentified and unmet PrEP need among heterosexual men and women.

Despite a 2% decrease in the number of adults being diagnosed late between 2023 and 2024 (950 to 928), 42% (928 of 2,196) of the new HIV diagnoses were made at a late stage in England in 2024. Reductions in the number of late HIV diagnoses fell most among gay and bisexual men (11%) compared with heterosexual women (4%) and heterosexual men (1%). The percentage of new diagnoses that were late for all 3 groups remained similar to 2023 (45% to 46%, 53% to 52%, 31% to 30% for heterosexual women, heterosexual men, and gay and bisexual men, respectively). In 2024, half of adult Black African heterosexuals newly diagnosed with HIV were diagnosed late (285 of 572, 50%). People diagnosed late with HIV in England in 2023 were 10 times more likely to die within a year of their diagnosis, compared to those diagnosed promptly.

Provisional estimates are that 95% of all adults living with HIV in England are diagnosed, with 99% of diagnosed adults receiving treatment, and 98% of adults on treatment having suppressed viral loads.

HIV prevention messages

Using condoms consistently and correctly protects against HIV and other STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis. They can also be used to prevent unplanned pregnancy.

HIV testing is central to HIV prevention since it provides access to PrEP and health advice for people testing HIV negative, while a positive result leads to essential HIV care and treatment, supporting a long healthy life whilst preventing onwards transmission. Everyone should have an STI screen, including an HIV test, on at least an annual basis, if having condomless sex with new or casual partners. Gay and bisexual men should have tests for HIV and STIs annually, or every 3 months if having condomless sex with new or casual partners.

HIV PrEP is available for free from specialist SHSs and can be used to reduce an individual’s risk of acquiring HIV. Consistent use of PrEP can be an efficacious and effective intervention to prevent HIV acquisition. Despite PrEP being routinely available through specialist SHSs, awareness, accessibility and uptake of primary prevention initiatives such as HIV PrEP is variable for different population groups.

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can be used to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV following some sexual exposures. PEP is available for free from specialist SHSs and most emergency departments. Symptoms due to HIV may not appear for many years, and people who are unaware of living with HIV may not feel themselves to be a risk to others. Prevention messages should reinforce that anyone can acquire HIV regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, sexuality or religion, and it is important to challenge assumptions about who is at risk of acquiring HIV.

People living with diagnosed HIV who are on treatment and have an undetectable viral load are unable to pass on the virus to others during sex, even without PrEP or condoms. This is known as Undetectable = Untransmittable or U=U.

Stigma, anxiety and depression experienced by people with HIV affect their ability to seek healthcare, engage in treatment and remain in care. Reducing stigma in healthcare services will encourage people from seeking the healthcare services they need.

Specialist SHSs are free and confidential. They offer testing and treatment for HIV and STIs, condoms, vaccination, HIV PrEP and PEP. Clinic-based services are commissioned by local authorities for residents of all areas in England and online self-sampling for HIV and STIs is widely available. Information and advice about sexual health including how to access services is available at Sexual health services and from the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123.

Local and regional prevention strategies

HIV prevention strategies at a local and regional level should consider inclusion of all actions published recently in the HIV Action Plan for England (HIVAP). Below are some examples of how this could be done, focusing on each of the 5 HIVAP priorities:

Prevent

Ensure localities are aware that there is central funding for formula milk (and related sterilised equipment) for the infants of women living with HIV.

Drive forward HIV service improvements and innovation with a focus on reducing inequalities in HIV testing, access to HIV PrEP and PEP.

Collate evidence and best practice of HIV PrEP provision pilot studies.

Test

Implement and monitor British HIV Association (BHIVA), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) and British Infection Association (BIA) Adult HIV testing guidelines 2020, including opt-out in SHSs and reduce inequalities in HIV testing.

Continue ED opt-out testing in very high and high prevalence HIV areas.

Work with GP practices to promote HIV testing into routine primary care pathways.

Scale up partner notification activities.

Understand the drivers of late diagnosis in order to better focus interventions.

Treat

Share learnings from UKHSA audits with local networks and encourage provision of peer support and psychological support within HIV treatment services.

Ensure commissioning arrangements are in place with local providers for HIV peer support provision.

Ensure local SHSs and HIV services engage with and learn from retention in care reviews to strengthen pathways.

Thrive

Ensure services provide a holistic approach to HIV care for women, signposting to other services, such as partner violence services and menopause clinics, when needed.

Improve the quality of life for people living with HIV, including promotion of U=U, particularly for older adults and people with complex health and care needs, by commissioning integrated, person-centred support services that address physical, mental and social wellbeing.

Collaborate

Share culturally competent education and awareness of new technologies as they become available to enhance national messaging.

Apply and promote the HIV Low Prevalence Toolkit to guide local planning, commissioning and evaluation and strengthen outreach, primary care partnerships and service visibility to ensure equitable access to prevention, treatment and care in low prevalence areas.

Charts, tables and maps

Figure 1. Rate of new HIV diagnoses per 100,000 population (all ages) by UKHSA region of residence, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Figure 1 shows that London reported the highest rate of new HIV diagnoses per 100,000 population in 2024. Yorkshire and Humber reported the seventh highest rate (10.7 and 3.5 respectively).

Figure 2. Rate of new HIV diagnoses per 100,000 population (all ages) by upper tier local authority of residence, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: HIV diagnosed prevalence (rate per 1,000 aged 15 to 59 years as per NICE testing guidelines). Lower diagnosed prevalence less than 2, high diagnosed prevalence 2 to 5, Extremely high diagnosed prevalence more than 5.

Note 3: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 4: Colour coding of bars does not relate to new diagnosis but to the data in the diagnosed prevalence section later.

Figure 2 shows that Doncaster and Kingston upon Hull reported the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses (both 7 per 100,000) in 2024, followed by Leeds (6 per 100,000) and Sheffield (5 per 100,000). The regional rate was 3.6 per 100,000.

Figure 3. New HIV diagnoses and deaths, Yorkshire and Humber, 2015 to 2024 [note 3]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission. Numbers may rise as we receive more reports and more information. This will impact on interpretation of trends in more recent years. New HIV diagnoses are shown by UK region of residence at diagnosis. Deaths are shown by UK region of death which in some instances may not be the same as UK region of residence at diagnosis. Region of death may not be known for all deaths, particularly for those in the most recent years. Numbers for these years should be interpreted as minimum numbers (deaths reported and allocated to a region of death to date) and not as a trend.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 3 shows that between 2015 and 2024 the number of new HIV diagnoses has decreased from 267 in 2015 to 199 in 2024. There was a decreasing trend from 2015 to 2020, which was followed by an increase from 2020 to 2024. The number of deaths between 2015 and 2024 has also increased from 29 to 48 The number of deaths began to rise after 2018. However, this coincides with improved ascertainment of death as a result of the National HIV Mortality Review.

It is however important to note that an extended reporting delay may be seen for deaths as these are not always notified directly to the HIV surveillance system. In addition, region of death may not be established immediately.

Figure 4. New HIV diagnoses by whether a person had been diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England, Yorkshire and Humber, 2020 to 2024 [note 2]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 4 shows that between 2020 and 2024 the number of HIV diagnoses previously diagnosed abroad has increased, though there has been a decrease in the number between 2023 and 2024. The number of new HIV diagnoses first diagnosed in England has remained relatively stable, though shows a small increase from 2023.

Figure 5. New HIV diagnoses by probable route of exposure (adjusted for missing route information), Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2015 to 2024 [note 3]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 5 shows that between 2015 and 2024 the number of new HIV diagnoses with a probable infection route of SBMW has increased from 119 to 136, with a particularly steep increase between 2023 and 2024. The number of new HIV diagnoses with a probable infection route of SBM has decreased from 134 to 52. New HIV diagnoses with a probable infection route of all other infection routes has remained stable and was 10 in 2024.

Figure 6. New HIV diagnoses detailed ‘other’ route of exposure (not adjusted for missing information), Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2015 to 2024 [note 3]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 6 shows the detailed breakdown for other routes of probable infection. There are low numbers for each type of probable route, with one new diagnosis from intravenous drug use and other, and 8 new diagnoses from mother-to-child.

Figure 7. Number of new HIV diagnoses by age group and gender, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infections and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Figure 7 shows that of the new HIV diagnoses reported in 2024 in Yorkshire and Humber residents, the highest number of new diagnoses was reported in males. The largest number of new HIV diagnoses were reported in the males aged 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 group (both 32 diagnoses), the males aged 45 to 54 group (29 diagnoses), and the females aged 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 group (both 23 diagnoses). Data for those aged less than 15 years has been included in this report and was 2 diagnoses for males and 3 for females.

Figure 8. Number of new HIV diagnoses by age group and gender, split by whether first diagnosed in the UK or abroad, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infections and transmission.

Figure 8 shows that the number of new HIV diagnoses reported in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024 was highest in those previously diagnosed abroad. The largest number of new HIV diagnoses were reported in females aged 35 to 44 previously diagnosed abroad (68).

Figure 9. Number of new HIV diagnoses by age group and probable route of exposure, male Yorkshire and Humber residents aged 15 to 64 years, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Figure 9 shows that the majority of new HIV diagnoses in those whose probable route of infection is through sex between men are in the 25 to 34 year age group (19 diagnoses), followed by the 35 to 44 year age group (11 diagnoses). This contrasts against those with all other routes of infection, where the majority of cases are in the 45 to 54 year age group (19 diagnoses) followed by the 35 to 44 year age group (17 diagnoses).

Figure 10. Number of new HIV diagnoses in gay and bisexual men by age group and year of first UK HIV diagnosis, Yorkshire and Humber residents aged 15 to 64 years, 2015 to 2024 [note 3]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 10 shows that between 2015 and 2024 the number of new HIV diagnoses probably acquired through sex between men has decreased in every age group, excepting the 55-64 age group which has remained stable and 5 diagnoses.

Figure 11. Number of new HIV diagnoses with a probable route of exposure through heterosexual sex by age group (in years) and year of first HIV diagnosis, Yorkshire and Humber residents aged 15 to 64 years, 2015 to 2024 [note 3]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 11 shows that between 2015 and 2024 the number of new HIV diagnoses probably acquired through sex between men and women has increased in the majority of age groups, with the largest increase in the 35 to 44 age group, from 29 in 2015 to 37 in 2025. Between 2015 and 2024 the number of new HIV diagnoses probably acquired through sex between men and women has decreased in the 15 to 24 and 55 to 64 age group.

Figure 12. Number of new HIV diagnoses by ethnic group (adjusted for missing ethnic group information), Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2015 to 2024 [note 3]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 12 shows that the number of new HIV diagnoses has increased in the black African ethnic group between 2015 and 2024. The number of new HIV diagnoses have stayed consistent or decreased in every other ethnic group.

Figure 13. Number of new HIV diagnoses by world region of birth (adjusted for missing world region of birth information), Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2015 to 2024 [note 1]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Due to a change in the definition of new HIV diagnoses, this figure no longer includes data for persons previously diagnosed abroad and differs from that included in previous reports.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 13 shows that between 2015 and 2024, the number of new HIV diagnoses by region of birth has increased in those born in Africa. The number of new HIV diagnoses in people born in the UK has decreased since 2015, though has increased since 2023.

Table 1. Number of new HIV diagnoses by ethnic group and whether born abroad, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2020 to 2024 [note 3]

Ethnic group	UK-born	Born abroad	Unknown country of birth
White	260	57	24
Black African	2	256	3
Black Caribbean	3	5	0
Other	26	70	7
Unknown	8	17	68

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD).

Note 1: Table 1 shows that the relationship between ethnic group and whether a person newly diagnosed with HIV was born abroad. Data is for the 5-year period 2020 to 2024. Those with a prior diagnosis abroad are excluded. To make it clear that there are differences in completeness of ascertainment of country of birth for different ethnic groups, numbers in this table are not adjusted for missing information.

Note 2: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 3: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Table 1 shows that between 2020 and 2024, in Yorkshire and Humber, the highest number of new HIV diagnoses in the UK-born population was in those of white ethnicity (260). Of those born abroad, the majority were of black African ethnicity (256).

Figure 14. New HIV diagnoses in gay and bisexual men by whether born abroad, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2015 to 2024 [note 2]

Source: UKHSA, HANDD.

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission. Those with a prior diagnosis abroad are excluded.

Note 2: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 14 shows that between 2015 and 2024, the number of new HIV diagnoses in gay and bisexual men has decreased steadily in those that are UK-born. In those born abroad the number of new HIV diagnoses remains stable.

Figure 15. New HIV diagnoses in heterosexuals by whether born abroad, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2015 to 2024 [note 2]

Source: UKHSA, HANDD.

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission. Those with a prior diagnosis abroad are excluded.

Note 2: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 15 shows that the number of new HIV diagnoses in heterosexuals born abroad decreased 2015 to 2020 but has been followed by a sharp increase from 2020 to 2024. Amongst UK-born heterosexuals, there has been an overall decrease in the number of new diagnoses from 2015 to 2024, though there has been an increase in 2024.

Figure 16. People diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England by probable route of exposure, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2015 to 2024 [note 2]

Source: UKHSA, HANDD.

Note 1: The number of new diagnoses will depend on accessibility of testing as well as infection and transmission.

Note 2: Numbers may rise as further reports are received and more information is obtained. This is more likely to affect more recent years, particularly 2024.

Figure 15 shows that, between 2015 and 2024, the number people diagnosed with HIV abroad before continuing care in England has increased in all probable routes of exposure except people who inject drugs. In 2024, there has been a large decrease in the number in heterosexual men, and smaller decreases in heterosexual women and gay and bisexual men.

Figure 17. Percentage of new HIV diagnoses, by local authority of residence, that were diagnosed late, Yorkshire and Humber, aged 15 years and over, 2022 to 2024 [note 2]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Note 1: The number contained within each bar indicates the number of cases.

Note 2: Only includes new diagnoses in those aged 15 years or older with no prior diagnosis abroad and for which a CD4 count was reported within 91 days of diagnosis. Late diagnosis defined as CD4 count <350 cells/mm³. The underlying population will impact on the proportion diagnosed late, for example gay and bisexual men are less likely to be diagnosed late.

Figure 17 shows that between 2022 and 2024, East Riding of Yorkshire was the local authority which reported the highest percentage of late HIV diagnoses, followed by Wakefield and Barnsley (78%, 62% and 62% respectively).

Figure 18. Percentage and number of new HIV diagnoses by probable route of exposure that were diagnosed late, Yorkshire and Humber residents, aged 15 years and over, 2022 to 2024 [note 1]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Note 1: Only includes new diagnoses in those aged 15 years or older with no prior diagnosis abroad and for which a CD4 count was reported within 91 days of diagnosis. Late diagnosis defined as CD4 count <350 cells/mm³. Proportions are only shown for the sex between men, heterosexual contact (males), heterosexual contact (females) and injecting drug use exposure groups and are withheld for any of these categories if they contain fewer than 5 late diagnoses.

Figure 18 shows that among those aged 15 years and over the percentage of new HIV diagnoses that were diagnosed late was highest amongst injection drug users (62%), between 2022 and 2024.

Figure 19. Percentage and number of new HIV diagnoses by ethnic group that were diagnosed late, Yorkshire and Humber residents, aged 15 years and over, 2022 to 2024 [note 1]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Note 1: Only includes new diagnoses in those aged 15 years or older with no prior diagnosis abroad and for which a CD4 count was reported within 91 days of diagnosis. Late diagnosis defined as CD4 count <350 cells/mm³. Proportions are only shown for the White, Black African and Black Caribbean ethnic groups and are withheld for any of these ethnic group categories if they contain fewer than 5 late diagnoses. IPB means Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi.

Figure 19 shows that amongst those aged 15 years and over, between 2022 and 2024 the percentage of new HIV diagnoses that were diagnosed late was similar in those of white ethnicity (47%) and black African ethnicity (48%).

Figure 20. Percentage of new HIV diagnoses that were diagnosed late by probable route of infection and year of first UK HIV diagnosis, Yorkshire and Humber residents, aged 15 years and over, 2015 to 2024 [note 1]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Note 1: Only includes new diagnoses in those aged 15 years or older with no prior diagnosis abroad and for which a CD4 count was reported within 91 days of diagnosis. Late diagnosis defined as CD4 count <350 cells/mm³.

Figure 20 shows that between 2015 and 2024 the percentage of new HIV infections acquired through sex between men and women, which were diagnosed late, increased from 47% to 52%. The percentage of new HIV infections acquired through sex between men, which were diagnosed late has increased from 21% to 42%.

Figure 21. Percentage of new HIV diagnoses that were diagnosed late in gay and bisexual men and heterosexuals by whether born abroad, Yorkshire and Humber residents, aged 15 years and over, 2022 to 2024 [note 1]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Note 1: Only includes new diagnoses in those aged 15 years or older with no prior diagnosis abroad and for which a CD4 count was reported within 91 days of diagnosis. Late diagnosis defined as CD4 count <350 cells/mm³.

Figure 21 shows that amongst gay and bisexual men diagnosed in 2022 to 2024, the percentage of new HIV diagnoses that were diagnosed late in Yorkshire and Humber is higher in those born in the UK (46%), than those born abroad (37%). Amongst heterosexuals, the percentage of new HIV diagnoses that were diagnosed late in Yorkshire and Humber is higher in those born abroad (49%) than born in the UK (38%).

Figure 22. Age distribution of new HIV diagnoses that were diagnosed late by year of first HIV diagnosis, Yorkshire and Humber residents, aged 15 years and over, 2015 to 2024 [note 1]

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD), HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Note 1: Only includes new diagnoses in those aged 15 years or older with no prior diagnosis abroad and for which a CD4 count was reported within 91 days of diagnosis. Late diagnosis defined as CD4 count <350 cells/mm³.

Figure 22 shows that in 2024, the percentage of new diagnoses that were diagnosed late was similar in the 25-to-34, 35-to-44 and 45-to-54 age groups. The percentage of 35-to-44-year-olds that were diagnosed late has decreased compared to previous years.

Figure 23. Diagnosed HIV prevalence per 1,000 residents aged 15 to 59 years by UKHSA region, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 23 shows that HIV prevalence (per 1,000 residents) is highest in London (5), followed by North West (2.1) and West Midlands (2). Yorkshire and Humber reports the third lowest HIV prevalence at 1.7 per 1,000.

Figure 24. Number of residents living with diagnosed HIV (all ages) and accessing care, Yorkshire and Humber, 2015 to 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 24 shows that in Yorkshire and Humber the number of residents living with diagnosed HIV and accessing care has increased from 4,626 in 2015 to 6,810 in 2024.

Figure 25. Number of residents living with diagnosed HIV and accessing care by probable route of transmission (adjusted for missing route information), Yorkshire and Humber, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 25 shows that the number of residents living with diagnosed HIV and accessing care in Yorkshire and Humber, using data from 2024, is highest amongst those who have sex between men and women (4,159), and lowest amongst those whose likely transmission route was via blood or healthcare worker (60).

Figure 26. Percentage of all residents with diagnosed HIV who are accessing care, by age group contribution, Yorkshire and Humber, 2015 and 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 26 shows that between 2015 and 2024 the percentage of those diagnosed with HIV and accessing care has decreased in all age groups, apart from for those who are aged 50 or over. Amongst this age group it has increased from 27% to 47%.

Figure 27. Diagnosed HIV prevalence per 1,000 residents by ethnic group (all ages), Yorkshire and Humber, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 27 shows that in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024, people of black African ethnicity have the highest prevalence of HIV (37 per 1,000). Prevalence in all other ethnicities is below 5 per 1,000.

Figure 28. Diagnosed HIV prevalence per 1,000 population by Index of Multiple Deprivation decile, Yorkshire and Humber, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 28 shows that in 2024, HIV prevalence is highest in the Index of Multiple Deprivation decile 1 (the most deprived 10%) (2.4 per 1,000) and decreases as deprivation decreases.

Figure 29. Diagnosed HIV prevalence per 1,000 residents aged 15 to 59 years by local authority, Yorkshire and Humber, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 29 shows that in 2024, HIV prevalence (per 1,000 residents) amongst those aged 15 to 59 in Yorkshire and Humber is highest in Leeds, followed by Sheffield and Barnsley.

Figure 30. Diagnosed HIV prevalence per 1,000 residents aged 15 to 59 years by local authority, Yorkshire and Humber, 2024

Source: UKHSA, HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS).

Figure 30 shows that in 2024, HIV prevalence (per 1,000 residents) amongst those aged 15 to 59 in Yorkshire and Humber is highest in Leeds with all other local authorities reporting lower rates.

Figure 31. HIV testing rate per 100,000 by population group, Yorkshire and Humber residents, 2020 to 2024

Source: UKHSA, GUMCAD.

Note: The proportion of eligible attendees at specialist sexual health services (SHS) who accepted a HIV test. An eligible attendee is defined as a patient attending specialist SHS at least once during a calendar year. Patients known to be HIV positive, or for whom a HIV test was not appropriate, or for whom the attendance was related to Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) care only, are excluded.

Figure 31 shows that in HIV testing rate per 100,000 population in Yorkshire and Humber residents in 2024 is higher in males than females (1,609 and 1,565 respectively). Testing rates overall are above 2020 rates (1,084 in 2020 and 1,692 in 2024).

Table 2. People tested for HIV by population group, Yorkshire and Humber residents attending all SHSs, 2020 to 2024

Gender/sexual orientation	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	% change 2020 to 2024	% change 2023 to 2024
Heterosexual men	15,884	16,710	18,979	19,991	20,337	28%	2%
Gay and bisexual men	6,851	10,213	11,007	10,315	10,471	53%	2%
All men	24,606	28,981	33,340	34,523	35,153	43%	2%
Hetero/bisexual women	28,205	32,597	34,387	34,595	34,844	24%	1%
All women	30,679	35,419	38,164	39,204	39,989	30%	2%
Total	55,700	65,371	74,325	76,331	79,769	43%	5%

Source: UKHSA, GUMCAD.

Note: The totals for ‘All men’ and ‘All women’ include people tested from sexual orientation categories not shown in the table above.

Table 2 shows that in 2024 in Yorkshire and Humber, across all SHSs 79,769 people were tested for HIV, this is a 5% increase compared to 2023 and a 43% increase compared to 2020.

Figure 32. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) need and initiation or continuation in residents attending specialist sexual health services (SHSs), Yorkshire and Humber, 2024

Source: UKHSA, GUMCAD.

Note: Figure 32 is a column chart showing information about PrEP need and use by gender and sexual orientation in 2024. The first column represents the percentage of Yorkshire and Humber residents attending specialist SHSs who were determined to be in need of PrEP based on clinical and other information. The second column shows the percentage of those in need of PrEP whose PrEP need was identified by the service, and the third column shows the percentage of those in need of PrEP for whom PrEP was initiated or continued. These 2 final columns for each group must be looked at in relation to the first column.

Figure 32 shows that in Yorkshire and Humber in 2024, 74% of gay and bisexual men attending specialist SHSs were determined to be in need of PrEP, of those 91% were identified by the clinic of whom 73% initiated or continued treatment. Heterosexual or bisexual women had the lowest PrEP need at 1%.

Information on data sources

HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths (HANDD) collects information on new HIV diagnoses, AIDS at diagnosis and deaths among people diagnosed with HIV. Information is received from laboratories, specialist SHSs, GPs and other services where HIV testing takes place in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Recent Infection Testing Algorithm (RITA) and CD4 surveillance scheme are linked to HANDD to assess trends in recent and late diagnoses. Data is deduplicated across regions and therefore figures may differ from country-specific data.

The Survey of Prevalent HIV Infections Diagnosed (SOPHID) began in 1995 and was a cross-sectional survey of all adults living with diagnosed HIV infection who attend for HIV care in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. SOPHID collected information about the individual’s place of residence along with epidemiological data including clinical stage and antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2015, SOPHID reporting in England was replaced by the HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS) which captures information at every attendance for HIV care.

Date of data extract: October 2024. Updates to HANDD and SOPHID/HARS made after this date will not be reflected in this report.

Confidence intervals for rates in the figures have been calculated to the 95% level using the Byar’s method. Confidence intervals for percentages have been calculated to the 95% level using the Wilson Score method. Confidence intervals presented in the text are produced by Bayesian analysis.

The most recent ONS mid-year estimates at the time of analysis were used as denominators for rates. For upper-tier local authorities, 2023 estimates were used (published June 2024), for middle-layer super output areas, 2022 estimates were used (published November 2024), for lower-tier local authorities, 2021 estimates were used (published November 2022), and for lower-layer super output areas, 2022 estimates were used (published November 2024).

The data behind charts showing absolute numbers may have been adjusted for missing information. However, unless stated otherwise, the numbers in the summary section are the numbers as reported, that is unadjusted counts. Where charts are displaying adjusted data, this is indicated in the chart title. Where figures have been ‘adjusted for missing information’, this means that when unknown values are present (for example route of probable infection = ‘unknown’), they are proportionally distributed amongst other groups for the purposes of analysis (for example if A = 12, B = 4, C = 2, and unknown = 6, the 6 ‘unknown’ values are distributed proportionally among groups A, B, and C to give A = 15, B = 6, C = 3).

The denominators for all percentages exclude records for which information was unknown, that is the proportion of new diagnoses where probable route of infection was sex between men would be calculated using new diagnoses for which route of infection was known as the denominator.

All analyses in this report are residence-based and reflect the patient’s place of residence at diagnosis.

Numbers may change as more information becomes available to assign area of residence to cases and historical data is refreshed accordingly.

Further information

Access the online Sexual and Reproductive Health Profiles for further information on a whole range of sexual health indicators.

For more information on local sexual health data sources, access the UKHSA guide.

Spotlight on sexually transmitted infections in Yorkshire and Humber: 2024 data

National HIV report: 2024 data

Local authorities have access to additional HIV and STI intelligence via the Data Exchange and the HIV and STI web portal. They should also have received a set of tables containing HIV data specific to their authority. They should contact YHFS@ukhsa.gov.uk if they do not have access to this information.

About the Field Service

The Field Service was established in 2018 as a national service comprising geographically dispersed multi-disciplinary teams integrating expertise in Field Epidemiology, Real-time Syndromic Surveillance and Public Health Microbiology to strengthen the surveillance, intelligence and response functions of UKHSA.

You can contact your local FS team at YHFS@ukhsa.gov.uk

If you have any comments or feedback regarding this report or the Field Service, contact josh.forde@ukhsa.gov.uk

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank:

• local sexual health and HIV clinics for supplying the HIV data
• Institute of Child Health
• UKHSA Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV Division (BSHSH) for collection, analysis and distribution of data

References

1. Shah Ammi, Mackay Neil, Kitt Hannah, Harrison Catriona, Okumu-Camerra Kadeen, Ratna Natasha and others. ‘HIV testing, PrEP, new HIV diagnoses and care outcomes for people accessing HIV services: 2025 report’ Annual official statistics data release (data to end of December 2024)
2. Brown Alison E, Shah Ammi, Martin Veronique, Chau Cuong, Djuretic Tamara. ‘People diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England are extremely unlikely to pass on HIV in England’ HIV Medicine 2025: volume 26, issue 10, pages 1,626 to 1,627
3. Victoria Schoemig, Veronique Martin, Ammi Shah, Kedeen Okumu-Camerra, Neil Mackay, Shaun Bera, Hannah Kitt, Carole Kelly, Tobi Kolawole, Natasha Ratna, Cuong Chau, Tamara Đuretić, Alison Brown and contributors. ‘HIV Action Plan monitoring and evaluation framework 2024 report: Report summarising progress from 2019 to 2023’ UKHSA 2024