Official Statistics

HIV testing, PrEP, new HIV diagnoses and care outcomes for people accessing HIV services: 2025 report

Updated 7 October 2025

The annual HIV official statistics data release covers data to the end of December 2024. This report is accompanied by data tables, slide set, and Sexual and Reproductive Health Profiles which provide further breakdowns of the data.

The report provides an update on the latest HIV surveillance data and specifically provides an overview of trends in relation to HIV testing in sexual health services (as testing in other settings is reported in the HIV monitoring and evaluation framework), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), new HIV diagnoses, late HIV diagnoses and mortality, people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England and the care outcomes for people accessing HIV care. Population breakdowns focus upon England with more complete data for Scotland and Wales published by Public Health Scotland and Public Health Wales, respectively.

Trend comparison in the HIV official statistics is for the period of the last 5 years. Baseline year in this report is 2020, a year where reporting and activity has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. To compare key trends to pre-pandemic levels, where relevant, this report includes some trends analyses for only a few main indicators to 2019, a pre-pandemic year.

Gay, bisexual and all men who have sex with men will hereafter be referred to as gay and bisexual men throughout this report and heterosexual and bisexual women will hereafter be referred to as heterosexual women throughout this report. Based on feedback following stakeholder consultation, we have also made further adjustments to the language used in our outputs, additional details can be found in the Appendix.

For the first time, we present data for 5 key adult populations for which inequalities in progress towards ending HIV transmission have been observed. The key adult populations (full inclusion criteria in Appendix) include ethnic minority gay and bisexual men, White gay and bisexual men, Black African heterosexual men, Black African heterosexual women and Other ethnic minority heterosexuals.

Main points

HIV testing in sexual health services

The main findings are:

• the number of people tested in sexual health services (SHSs) increased by 3% (1,277,723 to 1,318,795) between 2023 and 2024
• in 2024, within the key populations, ethnic minority groups had the highest proportion of people testing positive; 0.4% for Black African heterosexual women, 0.4% for ethnic minority gay and bisexual men and 0.3% for Black African heterosexual men
• HIV positivity in all SHSs was substantially higher among Black African individuals born in high HIV prevalence countries (0.7%) compared with Black African people born in the UK (0.1%)
• between 2023 to 2024, there was a 7% decrease in the HIV testing rate in all SHSs in people aged 15 to 24 years; this compares to a continued increase in the HIV testing rate in all other ages
• partner notification proved highly effective in 2024, with 85% (830 of 975) of contacts tested for HIV and 5% (43 of 830) of people tested newly diagnosed with HIV compared to an overall positivity of 0.1% in all SHSs

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

The main findings are:

• the number of people taking PrEP in sexual health services continues to increase annually, with 111,123 accessing PrEP in 2024, a 7.7% increase from 103,138 in 2023
• in 2024, 10.6% (146,098 of 1,379,884) of HIV negative people accessing sexual health services had a PrEP need (substantial risk of acquiring HIV), of whom 76.1% (111,123) initiated or continued PrEP
• PrEP initiation or continuation among people with a PrEP need was highest in White (79.4%) and ethnic minority (77.8%) gay and bisexual men, and lower in Black African heterosexual women (34.6%) and men (36.4%), and among other ethnic minority heterosexuals (43.9%)

New HIV diagnoses

Data presented for new HIV diagnoses exclude people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England.

The main findings are:

• there were 3,043 new HIV diagnoses in the UK in 2024, a 4% decrease from 3,169 diagnoses in 2023; while in England, new HIV diagnoses decreased by 2% from 2,838 in 2023 to 2,773 in 2024
• opt-out testing for bloodborne viruses (BBVs) in emergency departments (EDs) contributed to 8% of all new HIV diagnoses in 2024
• among gay and bisexual men, new HIV diagnoses in England decreased by 6% from 859 in 2023 to 810 in 2024, with the decrease largest among white men (6% from 488 to 461) compared to ethnic minority men (2% from 290 to 285); ethnic minority men constituted 35% of all new diagnoses in gay and bisexual men in 2024
• between 2023 and 2024, new HIV diagnoses in England among Black African heterosexual men increased by 15% (231 to 265) but decreased by 5% among Black African heterosexual women (441 to 418)
• in London, between 2023 and 2024, new HIV diagnoses decreased by 10% in heterosexual men (186 to 168) and by 1% in heterosexual women (197 to 196); while outside London, diagnoses increased by 9% among men (429 to 466) but decreased by 1% among women (558 to 553)

Late HIV diagnoses and mortality

Data presented for late HIV diagnoses exclude people diagnosed before continuing their HIV care in England.

The main findings are:

• despite a 2% decrease in the number of adults being diagnosed late (definition in Appendix) between 2023 and 2024 (950 to 928), 42% (928 of 2,196) of the new HIV diagnoses were made at a late stage in England in 2024
• in 2024, half of adult Black African heterosexuals newly diagnosed with HIV, half were diagnosed late (285 of 572) compared to under a third of gay and bisexual men (190 of 642)
• in 2023, adults diagnosed late with HIV in England were ten times more likely to die within a year of diagnosis compared to adults diagnosed promptly; this was higher than in 2022 when adults diagnosed late were 7 times more likely to die within a year of their diagnosis
• there was a 14% decrease in the number of deaths due to all causes of mortality in England between 2023 and 2024 (from 751 to 643)
• there was a decrease in number of deaths due to all causes among all key groups between 2023 and 2024 except for Black African heterosexual women (14% increase from 69 to 79) who also had one of the lowest median ages at death (55 years compared to 57 years for all deaths) in 2024

Outcomes of people living with diagnosed HIV and accessing HIV care

The main findings are:

• it is provisionally estimated that in 2024, 95% (95% credible interval 93% to 96%) of all adults living with HIV in England were diagnosed, with 99% of adults diagnosed receiving treatment, and 98% of adults on treatment having suppressed viral loads, meeting the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for another consecutive year

• the age profile of people receiving HIV care in England in 2024 continues to reflect an aging population living with HIV with over half aged 50 years and over, 52% (53,734 of 103,689) in 2024 compared to 26% (25,821 of 81,735) in 2015
• treatment coverage in adults accessing care in England increased from 98% (98,097 of 99,647) in 2023 to 99% (102,485 of 103,515) in 2024
• in 2024, treatment coverage was lowest among people aged 15 to 24 years at 96% (1,538 of 1,604) in comparison to 99% for all other age groups
• only 91% (1,233 of 1,351) of people aged between 15 and 24 years were virally suppressed in 2024, with the proportion virally suppressed increasing with age and highest among people aged 65 years and over (99%, 9,894 of 10,001)

HIV testing in sexual health services

HIV testing is an important component of prevention and is undertaken in various settings such as SHSs, emergency care departments (EDs), primary and secondary care, and community settings. This section describes HIV testing undertaken in sexual health services in England. Data relating to testing in other settings is published in the HIV Action Plan monitoring and evaluation framework.

HIV testing overview

The number of people tested across all sexual health services (SHSs) increased by 3% from 1,277,723 in 2023 to 1,318,795 in 2024.

Between 2023 and 2024, the number of people tested in specialist SHSs (providing Level 3 STI-related care, genitourinary medicine clinics) increased by 9% (689,064 to 753,272). In the same period, in non-specialist services (Level 2 STI-related care, excluding online providers), the number of people tested increased by 2%, from 22,853 to 23,374. In contrast, figures for non-specialist online testing declined by 4%, with the number of people tested decreasing from 565,806 in 2023 to 542,149 in 2024.

In 2024, 45% (597,344 of 1,318,795) of all HIV testing at SHSs was undertaken through people testing using a self-sampling test ordered online, rather than receiving a test in person at a SHS (Figure 1). This represents a small decrease from 48% in 2023 (610,652 of 1,277,723).

Figure 1. Proportion of people tested for HIV at all SHSs by consultation medium [note 1], England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (see the accompanying data tables HIV testing in England).

Note 1: the face-to-face category includes people who had face-to-face and online testing attendance in the same year at the same SHS (0.3%, 4,158 of 1,318,795 had both a face-to-face and online testing attendance in 2024).

In all SHSs in 2024, 207,295 gay and bisexual men received an HIV test, a 2% increase from 2023 (203,320). Among heterosexual women, 569,229 were tested in 2024, also an increase of 2% from the previous year (560,036). Testing among heterosexual men increased to 342,617 in 2024, marking a 5% increase from 2023 (326,929) (Figure 2). The number of people tested among gay and bisexual men in 2024 is 38% higher than in 2019, but lower by 17% and 8% for heterosexual men and women respectively (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Number of attendees tested for HIV at all SHSs by gender identity and sexual orientation, England, 2019 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (see the accompanying data tables HIV testing in England).

The number of gay and bisexual men testing has increased consistently each year since 2020, with a 2% increase from 203,320 in 2023 to 207,295 in 2024. This, coupled with an overall decline in HIV test positivity (0.3% in 2020 to 0.2% in 2024) suggests that there may be a reduction in transmission in this community. The proportion testing positive in 2024 was 2.5 times higher in gay and bisexual men than in heterosexual men (0.2% versus 0.08%).

Between 2023 and 2024, HIV testing among gay and bisexual men living in London remained stable (96,750 to 97,237). Outside London, testing among gay and bisexual men continued to increase, with a 6% increase between 2023 and 2024 (99,662 to 105,862). In 2024, HIV test positivity among gay and bisexual men living in London and people outside London was the same (0.2%).

Among gay and bisexual men of any Black ethnicity, the number of men tested increased by 4% from 8,381 in 2023 to 8,694 in 2024, while proportion testing positive remained stable at 0.6% in 2023 and 2024. Among gay and bisexual men of any Asian ethnicity, there was an increase of 9% from 18,090 to 19,788 men tested with 0.4% testing positive in 2023 and 2024. Among gay and bisexual men of Mixed or Other ethnicity, there was an increase of 5% from 16,524 to 17,319 men tested with 0.4% testing positive in the same time period.

Testing among heterosexual men in London increased by 9% from 115,978 in 2023 to 125,948 in 2024 compared to outside London (5%, from 200,908 in 2023 to 209,993 in 2024. Among heterosexual men in 2024, HIV test positivity was similar in London as compared to outside London (0.07% versus 0.09%). Among heterosexual women living in London, testing increased by 3% between 2023 and 2024, increasing from 196,823 to 203,108. In 2024 test positivity in this group in London and outside London were similar (0.05% versus 0.06%).

Among heterosexual women, HIV test positivity remained similar at 0.05% (260 of 560,036) in 2023 to 0.06% (310 of 569,229) in 2024. In heterosexual men, HIV test positivity remained the same at 0.08% in 2023 (260 of 326,929) and 2024 (281 of 342,617). The number of Black African heterosexuals testing increased by 19% from 61,733 in 2023 to 73,201 in 2024 while test positivity remained stable at 0.4%. For White heterosexuals, the number of people tested and HIV positivity remained stable (611,475 and 0.02% in 2023 to 611,728 and 0.02% in 2024).

In 2024, HIV positivity in all SHSs in England was higher for individuals born in high HIV prevalence countries (HPCs) compared to other non-UK countries (0.6% versus 0.2%). Among people of Black African ethnicity born in HPCs, the positivity was 0.7%, compared with 0.1% for people of Black African ethnicity born in the UK (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Proportion testing HIV positive by high prevalence country of birth and ethnicity [note 2], England, 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (see the accompanying data tables HIV testing in England).

Note 2: the disaggregated White (White British and White Other) and Asian (Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi and any other Asian) ethnic categories have been combined, as trends observed were similar when separated or combined.

HIV testing in key adult populations

Between 2023 and 2024, the largest increase in the number of people tested was among Black African heterosexual men (21%, 27,763 to 33,509), followed by Black African heterosexual women (17%, 33,943 to 39,674). This compares with a 1% (153,058 to 154,790) increase in testing among White gay and bisexual men, 7% (42,993 to 45,800) among ethnic minority gay and bisexual men and 9% (182,305 to 198,222) among Other ethnic minority heterosexual adults.

In 2024, the number of people tested in SHSs was highest among Other ethnic minority heterosexual adults (198,222), followed by White gay and bisexual men (154,790), ethnic minority gay and bisexual men (45,800), Black African heterosexual women (39,674) and Black African heterosexual men (33,509).

In 2024, HIV test positivity was highest among ethnic minority gay and bisexual men (0.4%, 192 of 45,800), followed by Black African heterosexual women (0.4%, 165 of 39,674), Black African heterosexual men (0.3%, 96 of 33,509), White gay and bisexual men (0.2%, 255 of 154,790) and Other ethnic minority heterosexual adults (0.1%, 139 of 198,222) (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Proportion testing HIV positive in key adult populations, England, 2019 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (see the accompanying data tables HIV testing in England).

HIV testing rate

HIV testing rate in all SHSs in England increased by 3% between 2023 and 2024 (2,761 to 2,843 per 100,000 population). In 2024, the testing rate was highest among gay and bisexual men (54,168 per 100,000 population) and lowest among heterosexual men (1,995 per 100,000 population). Among heterosexual women, the testing rate was the lowest at 3,150 per 100,000 in 2024. The testing rate is calculated using the total number of tests taken in a year, so people testing multiple times within a year will result in an increased rate.

Between 2023 to 2024, there was a 7% decrease in the testing rate in people aged 15 to 24 years (6,242 to 5,786 per 100,000 population) (Figure 5). In contrast there was a continued increase in the HIV testing rate in all other ages from 2023 to 2024: 3% in 25 to 34 years; 12% in 35 to 49 years; 12% in 50 to 64; and 19% in 65 years and over.

Figure 5. HIV testing rate at all SHSs by age group, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (see the accompanying data tables HIV testing in England).

HIV testing uptake

Overall, three-quarters of attendees at specialist SHSs in England who were offered an HIV test received a test in 2024 (77%, 753,272 of 984,159). Trends in test uptake by gender identity and sexual orientation have remained stable between 2020 and 2024, with 96% gay and bisexual men in specialist SHSs accepting testing when offered a test in 2024. This compares with an 85% test uptake among heterosexual men in 2024. Test uptake remains consistently lower in heterosexual women, with a 64% uptake in 2024.

In 2024, test uptake was lowest among UK-born individuals across all ethnic groups compared to people born in high prevalence or other non-UK countries. Among individuals born in the UK, test uptake was highest among people of Black African, Black Caribbean, and Black Other ethnicities, with 85% (11,493 of 13,577), 84% (15,654 of 18,564), and 84% (5,326 of 6,373) respectively accepting a test when offered in specialist SHSs (Figure 6). In contrast, uptake was lowest among individuals of White ethnicity born in the UK, with 71% (354,241 of 497,070) accepting a test.

Among individuals born in countries with a high diagnosed HIV prevalence, test uptake was highest among people of Black Caribbean ethnicity at 88% (4,033 of 4,590), followed closely by people of Black African ethnicity at 87% (27,474 of 31,579). The lowest uptake in this group was observed among individuals of Asian ethnicities, with 81% (1,027 of 1,274) accepting a test.

For individuals born outside the UK in countries not classified as high diagnosed HIV prevalence, test uptake was highest among people of Black Caribbean ethnicity at 94% (4,297 of 4,587), followed by Black African ethnicity at 87% (9,155 of 10,445), and Black Other ethnicities at 86% (1,699 of 1,967). Test uptake was lowest among individuals of White ethnicities in this group, with 84% (87,164 of 103,984) accepting a test.

Figure 6. HIV testing uptake at specialist SHSs by high prevalence country of birth and ethnicity [note 3], England, 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (see the accompanying data tables HIV testing in England).

Note 3: the disaggregated White (White British and White Other) and Asian (Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi and any other Asian) ethnic categories have been combined, as trends observed were similar when separated or combined.

Partner notification

In 2024, a total of 975 people were reported by specialist SHSs as a contact following partner notification, a 4% increase from 935 in 2023. Of these, 85% (830 of 975) were tested and of whom 5% (43 of 830) were newly diagnosed with HIV in 2024. With the overall positivity in all SHS being 0.1%, this shows the effectiveness of partner notification in diagnosing HIV.

By gender and sexual orientation, the largest group of people who were reported as attending following partner notification were gay and bisexual men (31%, 301 of 975). Heterosexual men accounted for the largest number of new diagnoses among contacts (35%, 15 of 43), followed by heterosexual women (28%, 12 of 43) and gay and bisexual men (21%, 9 of 43).

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

HIV PrEP is an important component of prevention strategies, involving the recommendation of antiretroviral medications to people tested HIV negative to significantly reduce the risk of HIV acquisition.

PrEP need is defined and measured differently (Appendix section of the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): monitoring and evaluation) in different key population groups and while numerically there are more gay and bisexual men with unmet need the pattern shows consistently that there is proportionally greater unidentified and unmet PrEP need among heterosexual men and women.

PrEP need and PrEP use (initiated or continued)

In 2024, the number of people tested HIV negative (excluding people seeking reproductive care only) attending specialist sexual health services (SHSs) was 1,379,884, a 3.6% increase from 2023. Of these, 146,098 were defined as having a PrEP need (10.6%), similar to 10.4% in 2023. Among individuals with a PrEP need, 85.6% (125,048 of 146,098) had their PrEP need identified, similar to 85.3% in 2023, and 76.1% (111,123 of 146,098) initiated or continued PrEP, a slight increase from 74.7% in 2023.

Figure 7 shows that PrEP need is not being identified and met equitably across key adult population groups. In 2024, the proportion of people with PrEP need who initiated or continued PrEP was highest among White gay and bisexual men (79.4%, 69,706 of 121,927) followed by ethnic minority gay and bisexual men (77.8%, 26,299 of 33,810), consistent with 2023. Initiation or continuation of PrEP was lowest among Black African heterosexual women (34.6%, 204 of 589), followed by Black African heterosexual men (36.4%, 235 of 646), consistent with 2023 (Figure 7).

Figure 7. PrEP need identification and PrEP initiation status, among people defined as having a PrEP need by key adult population, England, 2021 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the GUMCAD STI Surveillance (see the accompanying data tables HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) need and use in England).

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis

In 2024, 8,463 people received HIV PEP at a SHS. This is a 4% increase in HIV PEP provision relative to 2023 (8,103). PEP provision slightly increased among heterosexual women between 2023 and 2024 (21%, 975 to 1,178) and heterosexual men (16%, 1,025 to 1,184), HIV PEP provision increased slightly in gay and bisexual men (2%, 4,895 to 4,993).

New HIV diagnoses

Data presented for new HIV diagnoses excludes people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England.

In 2024, there were 3,043 new HIV diagnoses in the UK, a 4% decrease from 3,169 diagnoses in 2023. In England, 2,773 people were newly diagnosed with HIV in 2024 (Figure 8), a 2% decrease from 2,838 in 2023.

Figure 8. New HIV diagnoses, people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England, AIDS at diagnosis, and all-cause deaths in people with HIV, England, 2004 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to the HIV and AIDS New Diagnoses and Deaths Database (HANDD) (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

New HIV diagnoses overview

In 2024, gay and bisexual men accounted for 29% (810 of 2,773) of all new HIV diagnoses in England. This compared to 23% (634) among heterosexual men and 27% (749) among heterosexual women (Figure 9).

In 2024, people who:

• injected drugs accounted for 1% (32) of all new HIV diagnoses (Figure 9)
• acquired HIV vertically accounted for 2% (56) (95% of the infants were born abroad)
• were exposed by other exposures (a proportion of which may include contaminated blood products and healthcare-related contact) accounted for a further 1% (16)
• whose probable route of exposure was not stated accounted for 17% (476)

There were 12 new HIV diagnoses among trans and gender diverse people in 2024 in England compared to 8 in 2023.

Figure 9. New HIV diagnoses by probable route of exposure, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Among people living in London, new diagnoses decreased by 5% (1,027 to 971) between 2023 and 2024 and decreased slightly by 0.5% (1,811 to 1,802) among people living outside London (Figure 10). Over the past 10 years, the number of new diagnoses among people living outside London has exceeded the number living in London.

Figure 10. New HIV diagnoses by residence in or outside London, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

In 2024, 28% (772 of 2,773) of people newly diagnosed with HIV in England were among people born in the UK compared to 60% (1,669 of 2,773) among people born abroad. Region of birth was not provided for 332 (12%) people in 2024.

New HIV diagnosis among UK born individuals increased by 17% from 2020 to 2023 (721 to 843) before decreasing to 772 in 2024. Equivalent figures for people born abroad were a 101% increase (860 to 1,729) before decreasing to 1,669 in 2024 (Figure 11).

Figure 11. New HIV diagnoses by birth in the UK or outside the UK, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Among people born abroad and newly diagnosed with HIV in England in 2024 (1,669), 57% (943 of 1,669) of the individuals arrived in England between 2022 and 2024 (Figure 12). Year of arrival was unknown for 11% (191) of people born abroad and newly diagnosed in 2024.

Among people born abroad and newly diagnosed with HIV in 2024 who arrived in England in 2023, 77% (333 of 434) were born in Africa, 13% (57 of 434) were born in Asia, 4% (19 of 434) were born in Europe, 4% (17 of 434) were born in Latin America and 2% (8 of 434) were born in the Caribbean. In comparison, 62% (213 of 346) of people born abroad and newly diagnosed with HIV in 2024 who also arrived in England in 2024 were born in Africa, 14% (49 of 346) were born in Latin America, 13% (45 of 346) were born in Asia, 6% (21 of 346) were born in Europe and 4% (14 of 346) were born in the Caribbean (Figure 12).

Figure 12. Proportion of new HIV diagnoses in 2024 in people born abroad by region of birth and year of arrival, England [note 4]

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD.

Note 4: ​most of the new HIV diagnoses shown (of people newly diagnosed in 2024) reflect years of arrival in England between 2022 and 2024 as included within the figure, but a remaining one-third reported a year of arrival prior to 2022. Year of arrival was unknown for 11% of the individuals born abroad and newly diagnosed in 2024. The numbers above the bars indicate the total number (n=) of people newly diagnosed with HIV in England in 2024 who were born abroad and arrived in England in the corresponding year.

New HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men

In England, following the fall from 810 HIV diagnoses in 2021, the number of new HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men increased by 13%, from 759 in 2022 to 859 in 2023. However, by 2024, diagnoses decreased by 6%, from 859 in 2023 to 810 in 2024 (Figure 9). A larger decline (8%) was observed in London (Figure 13) from 353 in 2023 to 324 in 2024 compared to outside London (4% decline from 506 to 486 respectively) (Figure 14).

Figure 13. New HIV diagnoses by probable route of exposure among people living in London, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Figure 14. New HIV diagnoses by probable route of exposure among people living outside London, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

New HIV diagnoses decreased by 6% (from 488 in 2023 to 461 in 2024) among White gay and bisexual men. Ethnic minority men constituted 35% (285 of 810) of HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men in 2024. While diagnoses decreased in this group overall between 2023 and 2024 (by 2% from 290 to 285), there were increases among Black (15%, 80 to 92) and Asian (6%,101 to 107) gay and bisexual men respectively; men of Other or Mixed ethnicity decreased by 21% (109 to 86) between 2023 and 2024 (Figure 15). Ethnicity was unknown for 8% (64) gay and bisexual men in 2024.

Figure 15. New HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men by ethnicity, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Nearly half (48%, 386 of 810) of the gay and bisexual men newly diagnosed in England in 2024 were born abroad. Overall, 16% (126 of 810) of men were born in Asia, 10% (84 of 810) were born in Europe, 10% were born in Latin America (81 of 810) and 8% (65 of 810) were born in Africa.

There was a decrease in the number of diagnoses for all age groups at diagnosis among gay and bisexual men between 2023 and 2024, except for men aged 65 years and over, where there was a 115% increase (from 13 to 28). The largest decreases were observed among men aged 15 to 24 years, with a 11% decrease (from 123 to 110), and the 25 to 34 age group, with a 10% decrease (from 363 to 328).

New HIV diagnoses among heterosexuals

Among heterosexuals, new HIV diagnoses increased by 1% (1,371 to 1,383) between 2023 and 2024. Whilst new diagnoses among heterosexual men increased by 3% (615 to 634) between 2023 and 2024, diagnoses among heterosexual women decreased by 1% (755 to 749) (Figure 9).

Among heterosexuals living in London, between 2023 and 2024, diagnoses among men decreased by 10% (186 to 168) while diagnoses among women reduced slightly (197 in 2023 and 196 2024) (Figure 13). Among heterosexuals living outside London, diagnoses among heterosexual men increased by 9% (429 to 466) between 2023 and 2024, but decreased by 1% (558 to 553) among women (Figure 14).

Of the heterosexual men newly diagnosed in 2024, 27% (170 of 634) were born in the UK and 68% (431 of 634) were born abroad. Among women, 15% (116 of 749) were born in the UK and 77% (580 of 749) were born abroad.

Of heterosexuals newly diagnosed in 2024, 28% (390 of 1,383) were born in Eastern Africa, 22% (308 of 1,383) were born in Western Africa, 7% (100 of 1,383) were born in Asia and 5% (69 of 1,383) were born in the rest of Europe. Among heterosexuals diagnosed in 2024 who were born abroad, where year of arrival was known, 56% (527 of 948) also arrived in England either in 2024 or 2023.

Among White heterosexual men, new HIV diagnoses decreased by 19% (200 to 163) between 2023 and 2024. Over the same period, diagnoses increased among Black African men by 15% (231 to 265), Black Caribbean men by 44% (16 to 23) and men with Other or Mixed ethnicity by 2% (43 to 44). Diagnoses among heterosexual men of Asian ethnicity remained unchanged between 2023 and 2024 (53 diagnoses in both years).

Among heterosexual women, new HIV diagnoses between 2023 and 2024 decreased across all ethnic groups except among women of Asian ethnicity (100% increase from 22 to 44) and Black Caribbean ethnicity (21 diagnoses in both years). Among heterosexual women, a fall in diagnoses was observed among Black African women (5% decrease from 441 to 418), Black Other (29% decrease from 34 to 24), White (17% decrease from 134 to 111) and women of Other or Mixed ethnicity (10% decrease from 52 to 47) between 2023 and 2024.

New HIV diagnoses in key adult populations

Among adult White gay and bisexual men, new HIV diagnoses decreased by 6% from 488 diagnoses in 2023 to 461 diagnoses in 2024 (an 11% decrease from 517 diagnoses in 2020). Among adult ethnic minority gay and bisexual men, a 2% decline was observed from 290 in 2023 to 285 in 2024 (a 47% increase from 194 diagnoses in 2020) (Figure 16).

HIV diagnoses increased by 15% among adult Black African heterosexual men, from 231 in 2023 to 265 in 2024 (a 143% increase from 109 diagnoses in 2020). In comparison, diagnoses decreased by 5% from 441 in 2023 to 418 in 2024 among adult Black African heterosexual women (a 131% increase from 181 diagnoses in 2020).

Among Other ethnic minority heterosexual adults, new HIV diagnoses increased by 5% from 264 in 2023 to 277 in 2024 (a 61% increase from 172 diagnoses in 2020) (Figure 16).

Figure 16. New HIV diagnoses in key adult populations, England, 2019 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Impact of emergency department opt-out testing on new HIV diagnoses

In April 2022, NHS England implemented a programme introducing opt-out testing for BBVs in EDs located primarily in areas with a very high diagnosed prevalence of HIV (hereafter referred to as the Programme). The Programme aims to diagnose people with HIV (and hepatitis B and hepatitis C) who are unaware of their status and additionally re-engage people diagnosed but not in care. The Programme has expanded to additional sites, though the data presented includes only wave 1 sites (very high HIV prevalence areas).

Data presented in this report for new HIV diagnoses differs to those that will be published in the 33-month ED evaluation, as this section excludes people previously diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England, includes only residents in England and incorporates data from 29 sites participating in the ED programme.

Between April 2022 and December 2024 at 29 sites, 605 people were newly diagnosed with HIV as a result of ED testing, with 119 in 2022, 267 in 2023, and 219 in 2024. In 2022, 5% of all new HIV diagnoses were due to ED opt-out testing, with 9% in 2023 and 8% in 2024. Therefore, in England, there were 2,554 (92% of all new HIV diagnoses) new HIV diagnoses in 2024 that were not attributed to the ED opt-out testing programme.

Following an increase in new diagnoses between 2022 and 2023 by 8%, there has been a slight decrease of 1% in 2024 once new HIV diagnoses attributed to the Programme have been excluded (2,374 in 2022, 2,571 in 2023 and 2,554 in 2024).

Compared to 2023, after excluding people diagnosed by the Programme, new diagnoses in 2024 decreased by 5% in gay and bisexual men and increased by 6% in heterosexual men and 1% in heterosexual women (791 to 748, 547 to 581 and 677 to 687 respectively between 2023 and 2024).

After excluding the ED programme’s diagnoses, in London, new diagnoses reduced from 976 in 2022 to 825 in 2023 and further to 806 in 2024. Outside London, there was an increase in new diagnoses in England from 1,398 in 2022, to 1,746 in 2023 to 1,748 in 2024. This represents a 25% increase in new diagnoses outside London between 2022 and 2024 after excluding diagnoses made through the Programme.

Outside London, the increase in HIV was most apparent in heterosexuals. From 2020 to 2024, after excluding people diagnosed through the ED programme, new diagnoses for people exposed through heterosexual sex increased by 89% from 525 to 993. The number of new diagnoses in heterosexual men outside London increased by 82% between 2020 and 2024 (250 to 456) (Figure 17). In heterosexual women there was an increase of 96% between 2020 and 2024 (274 to 537) (Figure 17).

Figure 17. New HIV diagnoses by probable route of exposure and residence, excluding diagnoses occurring due to ED opt-out testing programme [note 5], England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD excluding ED opt-out data for 29 Sentinel Surveillance of Bloodborne Virus (SSBBV) sites.

Note 5: data only includes matched records between SSBBV and HANDD or HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS), therefore, HIV diagnoses due to ED opt-out testing are likely underestimated. Further information can be found in the ED evaluation report.

Late HIV diagnosis

A late HIV diagnosis is defined as having a CD4 count below 350 cells per cubic millimetre of blood within 91 days of diagnosis and no evidence of a recent infection (full definition of late HIV diagnosis in the Appendix).

In 2024, 78% (2,366 of 3,043) of adults newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK (excluding people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England) had a CD4 count reported within 91 days of diagnosis. Of the adults newly diagnosed with HIV in England, 79% (2,196 of 2,773) had a CD4 count reported within 91 days of diagnosis.

The number of late diagnoses among people newly diagnosed in England with a CD4 count within 91 days of diagnosis decreased by 2% from 950 in 2023 to 928 in 2024 however, the proportion of diagnoses made late (42%) remained the same in 2023 (950 of 2,259) and 2024 (928 of 2,196).

Late HIV diagnosis overview

Between 2023 and 2024, the number of late diagnoses increased among heterosexual women by 4% (from 273 to 283) and by 1% among heterosexual men (from 271 to 274), however, decreased by 11% (from 232 to 207) among gay and bisexual men.

Whilst the proportion of late diagnoses among heterosexual women increased slightly between 2023 and 2024 from 45% (273 of 610) to 46% (283 of 615), the proportion decreased slightly among heterosexual men from 53% (271 of 514) to 52% (274 of 524) and gay and bisexual men from 31% (232 of 746) to 30% (207 to 692) (Figure 18).

Both the number of late diagnoses among people who inject drugs, which decreased by 67% (from 15 to 5), and the proportion, which declined from 43% (15 of 35) to 25% (5 of 20), decreased between 2023 and 2024 (Figure 18).

Figure 18. Number and proportion of people diagnosed late by probable route of exposure, England, 2022 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Both the number and proportion of late diagnoses between 2023 and 2024 increased among people aged 25 to 34 years from 29% (210 of 716) to 35% (234 of 672) and among people aged 65 years and over from 53% (39 of 73) to 61% (51 of 84) (Figure 19).

Figure 19. Number and proportion of people diagnosed late by age, England, 2022 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

The number of late diagnoses increased among people living outside London (7% increase from 610 to 653) between 2023 and 2024 and decreased among individuals living in London (19% decrease from 340 to 275). The proportion of late diagnoses among people living outside London also increased from 43% (610 of 1,403) to 46% (653 of 1,407) between 2023 and 2024 and decreased among people living in London from 40% (340 of 856) to 35% (275 of 789) (Figure 20).

Figure 20. Number and proportion of people diagnosed late by region, England, 2022 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Late HIV diagnosis in key adult populations

The number of late HIV diagnoses between 2023 and 2024 increased by 21% (106 to 128) among adult Black African heterosexual men and by 11% (104 to 115) among Other ethnic minority heterosexual adults. In comparison, the number of late HIV diagnoses between 2023 and 2024 decreased by 10% (174 to 157) among Black African heterosexual women, by 13% (76 to 66) among ethnic minority gay and bisexual men and by 7% (133 to 124) among White gay and bisexual men.

Between 2023 and 2024, the proportion of late HIV diagnoses increased among adult Black African heterosexual men from 54% (106 of 197) to 57% (128 of 226), among adult White gay and bisexual men from 30% (133 of 439) to 32% (124 of 392) and among Other ethnic minority heterosexual adults from 47% (104 of 221) to 49% (115 of 233) (Figure 21).

Figure 21. Number and proportion of people diagnosed late by key adult populations, England, 2022 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

One-year all-cause mortality rate among adults newly diagnosed with HIV

People diagnosed late in England in 2023 were 10 times more likely to die (deaths due to all-cause mortality) within a year of their diagnosis, compared to people diagnosed promptly (28 versus fewer than 5 deaths, respectively). This was higher than 2022 where people diagnosed late in England in 2022 were 7 times more likely to die within a year of their diagnosis, compared to people diagnosed promptly (30 versus 5 deaths, respectively).

Among people diagnosed late in England in 2023 the highest mortality rates were amongst people exposed by injecting drug use (133 deaths per 1,000), people aged 65 years and over (103 deaths per 1,000), people aged between 50 and 64 years (56 deaths per 1,000), people of White ethnicity (34 deaths per 1,000), men (32 deaths per 1,000) and people living outside London (31 deaths per 1,000). Among individuals diagnosed promptly in England in 2023, the highest mortality rates were amongst people who injected drugs (50 deaths per 1,000) and people aged 65 years and over (29 deaths per 1,000) (figures 22a to 22e).

Figure 22a. One-year all-cause mortality (per 1,000) among adults newly diagnosed with HIV, by diagnosis stage and age group at diagnosis, England, 2023

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD.

Figure 22b. One-year all-cause mortality (per 1,000) among adults newly diagnosed with HIV, by diagnosis stage and ethnic group, England, 2023

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD.

Figure 22c. One-year all-cause mortality (per 1,000) among adults newly diagnosed with HIV, by diagnosis stage and gender identity, England, 2023

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD.

Figure 22d. One-year all-cause mortality (per 1,000) among adults newly diagnosed with HIV, by diagnosis stage and probable route of exposure, England, 2023

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD.

Figure 22e. One-year all-cause mortality (per 1,000) among adults newly diagnosed with HIV, by diagnosis stage and region of residence, England, 2023 [note 6]

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD.

Note 6: there were no deaths within one year of diagnosis among people promptly diagnosed in London.

People diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England

Diagnoses among people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England do not reflect HIV acquired in England. As reflected in data published in the paper ‘People diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England are extremely unlikely to pass on HIV in England’ earlier this year, most people are rapidly linked to care shortly after their England arrival, ensuring good health outcomes and preventing onward HIV transmission.

There were 2,525 people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England in 2024, a 25% decrease from 3,363 in 2023 (Figure 8). 43% (1,095 of 2,525) of the individuals diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England in 2024 also arrived in England in 2024 while 42% (1,054 of 2,525) arrived in 2023; year of arrival was unknown for 7% (166 of 2,525) of the individuals.

Provisional analyses indicate that in 2024, 94% (2,348 of 2,492) of adults diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England were linked to care in England within one month of their England diagnosis and 98% (2,433 of 2,490) within 3 months. Overall, 71% (1,790 of 2,525) of the people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England were virally suppressed within a month of their diagnosis in England. This is indicative of access to HIV treatment abroad.

Of the 2,525 people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England in 2024, 71% (1,782) were born in Africa; specifically, 45% (1,131 of 2,525) were born in East Africa, followed by 17% (417 of 2,525) who were born in Western Africa. An additional 9% (222 of 2,525) of the individuals diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England were born in Asia and 8% (191 of 2,525) were born in Latin America.

In 2024, of people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England, 43% were heterosexual women (33% decrease from 1,621 in 2023 to 1,084 in 2024), 25% were heterosexual men (11% decrease from 716 in 2023 to 635 in 2024) and 18% were gay and bisexual men (21% decrease from 583 in 2023 to 461 in 2024) (Figure 23).

Figure 23. People diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England by probable route of exposure, England, 2020 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HANDD (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Among people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England in 2024, 63% (1,587 of 2,525) were of Black African ethnicity, 10% (253 of 2,524) were of White ethnicity, 9% (216 of 2,525) were of Other or Mixed ethnicity, 8% (209 of 2,525) had an unknown ethnicity, 7% (172 of 2,525) were of Asian ethnicity, 2% (55 of 2,525) were of Black other ethnicity and 1% (33 of 2,525) were of Black Caribbean ethnicity.

Most people of black African ethnicity who were diagnosed before continuing care in England in 2024 were heterosexual women (55%, 875 of 1,587) and heterosexual men (29%, 461 of 1,587). In comparison, most people of White (56%, 142 of 253), Asian (59%, 102 of 172) and Other or Mixed ethnicity (41%, 89 of 216) that were diagnosed before continuing care in England in 2024 were gay and bisexual men.

Of the people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England in 2024, 20% (513 of 2,525) were living in London whilst 80% (2,012 of 2,525) were living outside London. This compared to 17% (584 of 3,363) living in London and 83% (2,779 of 3,363) living outside London in 2023.

Of the people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England in 2024 (where CD4 information was available), using the CD4 count taken within 91 days of their subsequent diagnosis in England, 16% (346 of 2,200) presented late and had a CD4 count below 350 cells per cubic millimetre of blood within 91 days of diagnosis, excluding people with evidence of recent infection. This compared to 15% (419 of 2,812) in 2023 and 19% (244 of 1,304) in 2022.

All HIV diagnoses

All HIV diagnoses refer to new HIV diagnoses including people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England.

There was a 15% reduction in all HIV diagnoses between 2023 and 2024 from 6,201 to 5,298. Of the 5,298 diagnoses (all HIV diagnoses) in 2024, 48% (2,525) were among people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England and 52% (2,773) were among individuals newly diagnosed in England.

HIV care outcomes

People living with diagnosed HIV and accessing care

In 2024, there were 103,689 people accessing HIV care in England. This was a 4% increase from the 99,791 people accessing HIV care in England in 2023. The age profile of people receiving HIV care continues to reflect an aging population living with HIV with over half (52%, 53,734 of 103,689) aged 50 years and over in 2024 compared to 32% (25,821 of 81,735) in 2015 (Figure 24).

There were 282 trans and gender diverse people accessing HIV care in England in 2024, compared to 272 in 2023.

Figure 24. Number of adults seen for HIV care by age, England, 2015 to 2024

Source: Data from routine returns to HARS (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

Treatment coverage in adults

Treatment coverage in adults accessing care in England remained high in 2024 at 99% (102,485 of 103,515) and slightly higher than the treatment coverage in 2023 (98%, 98,097 of 99,647).

In 2024, treatment coverage was consistently high across all probable route of exposure groups, with the lowest coverage seen among people with undetermined exposure (96%, 4,607 of 4,822), people who acquired HIV vertically (98%, 2,075 of 2,125) and people who exposed through injecting drug use (98%, 1,315 of 1,342). By ethnicity, people of all ethnic groups had a treatment coverage of 99% except people of Black other (2,910 of 2,970) ethnicity at 98%. People whose ethnicity was unknown also had a lower treatment coverage of 96% (3,172 of 3,294).

In 2024, treatment coverage was lowest among people aged 15 to 24 years at 96% (1,538 of 1,604) (Figure 25) and was 99% for all other age groups.

Figure 25. Treatment status of adults seen for HIV care by age groups, England, 2024 (break shown with symbol in y-axis)

Source: Date from routine returns to HARS (see the accompanying data tables HIV diagnoses, AIDS, deaths and people in care in England).

HIV viral load suppression

People living with HIV who are virally suppressed (maintain an undetectable viral load) cannot pass on the virus to sexual partners, even without PrEP or condoms. This is known as Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U).

The proportion of people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) who were virally suppressed (where reported) remained stable at 98% in 2023 (91,157 of 93,278) and 2024 (93,375 of 95,696). In 2024, viral suppression was equally high at 98% respectively among gay and bisexual men (40,136 of 40,852) and heterosexuals (45,680 of 46,846) but lowest at 93% among people injecting drugs (1,101 of 1,188) and 93% among people who acquired HIV vertically (1,768 of 1,907).

Only 91% (1,233 of 1,351) of people aged between 15 and 24 years were virally suppressed in 2024, with the proportion suppressed increasing with age and highest among people aged 65 years and over (99%, 9,894 of 10,001).

All-cause mortality

The total number of deaths due to all causes of mortality among people with HIV in the UK in 2024 was 738, with 643 of these occurring in England. In England, this represents a 14% decrease in the number of deaths from 751 in 2023 (Figure 8). A decrease in deaths was observed overall between 2023 and 2024 among men and women, though there was a greater decrease for men (18% decrease from 573 in 2023 to 472 in 2024) than women (3% decrease from 177 in 2023 to 171 in 2024).

There was similarly a decrease in number of deaths from 2023 to 2024 among all ethnic groups, with a corresponding decreased rate of death per 1,000 people accessing care among all ethnic groups. The highest rates of death observed in 2024 were among people of White ethnicity (7.8 deaths per 1,000 people accessing care) and people of Black Caribbean ethnicity (5.9 deaths per 1,000 people accessing care).

Overall, the median age of death has increased from 55 years (range: 25 to 87 years) in 2020 to 57 years (range: 29 to 89 years) in 2023 to 59 years (range: 31 to 88 years) in 2024. In 2024, the median age of death was higher for men (60 years, range: 31 to 88 years) than women (57 years, range: 32 to 85 years). Similarly, the median age of death in 2024 was highest for people of White ethnicity (61 years, range: 32 to 88 years), compared to 58 years (range: 31 to 88 years) for people of Black ethnicity, 57 years (range: 34 to 84 years) among people of Asian ethnicity, and 53 years (range: 26 to 76 years) for people of Mixed or Other ethnicity.

All-cause mortality in key adult populations

There was a 14% increase in all cause deaths among Black African heterosexual women from 69 in 2023 to 79 in 2024, while the number of deaths among other key populations declined: 35% reduction (69 to 45) deaths among Black African heterosexual men, a 22% reduction (32 to 25) among ethnic minority gay and bisexual men, 17% reduction (52 to 43) among Other ethnic minority heterosexuals, and a 10% reduction (284 to 255) among White gay and bisexual men.

Among key populations, the lowest median age of death was 55 years for both Black African heterosexual women and ethnic minority gay and bisexual men in 2024 (range: 28 to 85 years and 26 to 84 years, respectively). The highest median age of death in 2024 was 61 years, for both White gay and bisexual men (range: 32 to 87 years) and Other ethnic minority heterosexuals (range: 32 to 78 years). The median age of death among Black African heterosexual men has increased from 54 years (range: 34 to 87 years) in 2020 to 58 years (range: 36 to 92 years) in 2024.

Preliminary estimates of the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target

The number of people living with HIV in England, including people undiagnosed, are estimated from a Multi-Parameter Evidence Synthesis (MPES) model, which is fitted to census, surveillance, and survey-type prevalence data.

It is provisionally estimated that in 2024, 95% (95% credible interval 93% to 96%) of all adults living with HIV in England were diagnosed, with 99% of adults diagnosed receiving treatment, and 98% of adults on treatment having suppressed viral loads, meeting the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for another consecutive year. Refined estimates incorporating adjustments for missing information and for people not seen for care will be published in a future report.

Appendix

Language changes following stakeholder consultation

During 2024 and 2025, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) engaged in a stakeholders’ review (for example, focus groups, workshops and a survey) on language used in the annual HIV official statistics. Following feedback from various stakeholders including the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH), British HIV Association (BHIVA), people living with HIV and wide-ranging voluntary and community sector organisations, the UKHSA proposed changes, most notably on new HIV diagnoses, probable route of exposure, sexual orientation and gender identity. Terminology that was agreed with stakeholders was implemented in this report.

The following changes were implemented:

• reference to new HIV diagnoses only includes diagnoses first made in England (or the UK if referring to new HIV diagnoses in the UK) and exclude people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England
• people previously diagnosed abroad are now referred to as people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England
• all HIV diagnoses refer to new HIV diagnoses including people diagnosed with HIV before continuing care in England
• with reference to gender identity, sexual orientation and probable route of exposure; after clearly defining the groups, we simplified the abbreviations as follows:
  • for gay, bisexual and all men who have sex with men, the abbreviation is gay and bisexual men (instead of GBMSM or sex between men)
  • for heterosexual men or men who acquired HIV through sex with women, we abbreviate as heterosexual men (instead of men exposed through sex with women)
  • for heterosexual and bisexual women or women who acquired HIV through sex with men, we use heterosexual women (instead of women exposed through sex with men)

Key adult population groups

Key adult population groups were highlighted throughout this report as of interest due to relatively high rates of new HIV diagnoses that are continuing to either plateau or increase.

Key adult populations include:

• ethnic minority gay and bisexual men
• White gay and bisexual men
• Black African heterosexual men
• Black African heterosexual women
• Other ethnic minority heterosexuals

The key adult population breakdowns only include individuals for whom ethnicity and probable route of exposure have been provided.

The ethnic minority gay and bisexual men group exclude men from White ethnic minorities and includes adult men of:

• Black African ethnicity
• Black Caribbean ethnicity
• Black other ethnicity
• Asian ethnicity
• Other ethnicity or Mixed ethnic background

The White gay and bisexual men group include adult men of White British, White Irish and White other ethnicity.

The Other ethnic minority heterosexuals group excludes heterosexuals from White ethnic minorities and Black African ethnic minorities.

Gender identity

Gender identity reporting began in 2015 and is as reported to UKHSA by the clinic. Gender identity refers to a person’s sense of their own gender whether male (men), female (women) or any other identity (such as non-binary). This may, or may not, be the same as their sex registered at birth. Cisgender refers to people whose gender identity is the same as their sex registered at birth. Gender diverse refers to people whose gender identity is non-binary or people who identify their gender in any other way. Transgender refers to people whose gender identity is not the same as their sex registered at birth.

Late diagnoses corrected for recency of infection

The definition of late HIV diagnosis currently used in England is a CD4 count below 350 cells per cubic millimetre of blood within 91 days of diagnosis, excluding people with evidence of recent infection among adults. This evidence is either a negative test within the 24 months prior to their first positive HIV test, or the result of a Recent Infection Testing Algorithm (RITA), which combines serological recency test results with clinical data. Late HIV diagnoses exclude people diagnosed before continuing their HIV care in England.

Viral suppression

This refers to people with a viral load count below or equal to 200 copies per millilitre.

Acknowledgements

Alison Brown, Amina Addow, Anne Presanis, Anu Fasanya, Ammi Shah, Catriona Harrison, Carole Kelly, Cuong Chau, Daniela De Angelis, Debbie Mou, Eloise Cross, Grahame Davis, Hamish Mohammed, Hannah Kitt, Hridhya Vijayan, James Lester, Janice Morgan, Joan Ekajeh, John Saunders, Kate Folkard, Katy Sinka, Kedeen Okumu-Camerra, Mary Ramsay, Monica Desai, Natasha Ratna, Neil Mackay, Nicholas Cooper, Paul Birrell, Peter Kirwan, Ross Harris, Sema Mandal, Shaun Bera, Sonia Rafeeq, Susan Hopkins, Tamara Đuretić, Temitope Omisore, Tobi Kolawole, Tom Clare, Veronique Martin, Victoria Schoemig.

Suggested citation

Ammi Shah, Neil Mackay, Hannah Kitt, Catriona Harrison, Kedeen Okumu-Camerra, Natasha Ratna, Victoria Schoemig, Cuong Chau, Veronique Martin, Alison Brown, Tamara Đuretić. HIV testing, PrEP, new HIV diagnoses and care outcomes for people accessing HIV services: 2025 report. The annual official statistics data release (data to end of December 2024). October 2025, UK Health Security Agency, London

Further information and contact details

Feedback and contact information

To provide any feedback or for any queries about this report, please contact harsqueries@ukhsa.gov.uk

Official statistics

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality, and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to. You are welcome to contact us directly by emailing harsqueries@ukhsa.gov.uk with any comments about how we meet these standards. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

UKHSA is committed to ensuring that these statistics comply with the Code of Practice for Statistics. This means users can have confidence in the people who produce UKHSA statistics because our statistics are robust, reliable, and accurate. Our statistics are regularly reviewed to ensure they support the needs of society for information.