Collection
Seasonal influenza: guidance, data and analysis
The symptoms, diagnosis, management, surveillance and epidemiology of seasonal influenza (flu).
Influenza (flu) is a viral infection affecting the lungs and airways. The symptoms can appear very quickly and include:
- headache
- fever
- cough
- sore throat
- aching muscles
- joints
Complications include bacterial pneumonia, and can be life threatening especially in:
- older people
- those with certain underlying health conditions
It occurs most often in winter in the UK and peaks between January and March.
There are 2 types of influenza affecting people:
- influenza A
- influenza B
Influenza B usually causes a milder illness, and is most seen in children.
Information on the different strains of influenza virus can be found on our health protection archive website.
Seasonal influenza risk assessment for 2015 to 2016, for countries in the EU/EEA can be downloaded from the ECDC website
Annual flu programme
Vaccination of at risk groups and children can offer some protection against infection. The NHS plans each year for the demands of flu across England in its annual flu programme.
See Latest vaccine uptake guidance and the latest coverage for figures on seasonal flu vaccination rates.
Management and treatment
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Amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir (Relenza) for the treatment of influenza National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) technology appraisal 168, February 2009.
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Oseltamivir, amantadine (review) and zanamivir for the prophylaxis of influenza NICE technology appraisal 158, September 2008.
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Seasonal influenza: managing cases in critical care units
- Guidance
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Influenza: treatment and prophylaxis using anti-viral agents
- Guidance
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Respiratory tract infections: infection control
- Guidance
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Influenza-like illness (ILI): managing outbreaks in care homes
- Guidance
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Acute respiratory infections: investigating outbreaks and clusters in schools
- Guidance
Epidemiology
National and international partners work with PHE to track influenza’s spread and effect on health worldwide:
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Weekly national flu reports: 2017 to 2018 season
- Official Statistics
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Annual flu reports
- Official Statistics
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Sources of UK flu data: influenza surveillance in the UK
- Guidance
Respiratory Virus Unit services and guidance for laboratories
The Respiratory Virus Unit (RVU) provides laboratory services for respiratory infections including influenza. Further information and guidance is available on RVU services.
Antiviral resistance
Data submission
The winter health watch summarises findings from the surveillance systems that track reported flu, norovirus, and rotavirus levels, and syndromic surveillance findings through the winter season.
Last updated 2 August 2017 + show all updates
- Added 'Seasonal influenza: managing cases in critical care units' under management and treatment section.
- Web link added for seasonal influenza risk assessment (2015-2016) for countries in the EU/EEA.
- First published.