Health protection – collection

Seasonal influenza: guidance, data and analysis

The symptoms, diagnosis, management, surveillance and epidemiology of seasonal influenza (flu).

Contents

Influenza (flu) is a viral infection affecting the lungs and airways. The symptoms can appear very quickly and include:

• headache
• fever
• cough
• sore throat
• aching muscles
• joints

Complications include bacterial pneumonia, and can be life threatening especially in:

• older people
• those with certain underlying health conditions

It occurs most often in winter in the UK and peaks between January and March.

There are 2 types of influenza affecting people:

• influenza A
• influenza B

Influenza B usually causes a milder illness, and is most seen in children.

Information on the different strains of influenza virus can be found on our health protection archive website.

Annual flu programme

Vaccination of at risk groups and children can offer some protection against infection. The NHS plans each year for the demands of flu across England in its annual flu programme.

Management and treatment

• Amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir (Relenza) for the treatment of influenza National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) technology appraisal 168, February 2009.

• Oseltamivir, amantadine (review) and zanamivir for the prophylaxis of influenza NICE technology appraisal 158, September 2008.

1. Influenza: treatment and prophylaxis using anti-viral agents

   • 2 February 2015
   • Guidance

2. Respiratory tract infections: infection control

   • 12 January 2012
   • Guidance

3. H1N1 flu: critical care management for adults and children

   • 1 January 2011
   • Guidance

4. Acute respiratory disease: managing outbreaks in care homes

   • 2 February 2015
   • Guidance

5. Acute respiratory infections: investigating outbreaks and clusters in schools

   • 1 November 2010
   • Guidance

Epidemiology

National and international partners work with PHE to track influenza’s spread and effect on health worldwide:

• Health Protection Scotland: respiratory infections
• Public Health Agency, Northern Ireland: seasonal influenza
• Public Health Wales: weekly flu activity in Wales
• European influenza surveillance network
• World Health Organization: seasonal influenza

1. Weekly national flu reports

   • 26 February 2015
   • Statistics

2. Annual flu reports

   • 12 June 2014
   • Research and analysis

3. Sources of UK flu data: influenza surveillance in the UK

   • 7 January 2014
   • Detailed guide

Antiviral resistance

1. Neuraminidase inhibitor resistance testing: finding resistant strains of influenza B and A(H3N2)

   • 26 March 2012
   • Guidance

2. Influenza: antiviral susceptibility surveillance and diagnosis of resistance

   • 17 October 2011
   • Guidance

Data submission

The winter health watch summarises findings from the surveillance systems that track reported flu, norovirus, and rotavirus levels, and syndromic surveillance findings through the winter season.

1. Acute respiratory infection outbreak: reporting form

   • 1 January 2012
   • Form

• Published: 14 July 2014

• From: Public Health England