Surra: how to spot and report the disease
How to spot surra (Trypanosoma evansi), what to do if you suspect it and measures to prevent its spread.
Surra is a parasitic disease that can affect camels, cattle, buffalos, donkeys, llamas, mules, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs and cats. It is found in North Africa, Asia and Central and South America.
It does not affect humans.
Surra is a notifiable animal disease. If you suspect this disease you must report it immediately by calling the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301. In Wales, contact 0300 303 8268. In Scotland, contact your local Field Service Office. Failure to do so is an offence.
How to spot surra
The clinical signs can vary according to the strain and infected species.
Clinical signs include:
- anaemia
- weight loss
- fever
- abortion
- leg swelling
- chronic wasting in cattle
- nervous signs - common in horses and can resemble rabies in dogs
In camels and horses, it is often fatal and progresses quickly. In buffalo, cattle, llama and dogs it can also be fatal. But these species tend to develop milder clinical signs.
How surra is spread
Surra is spread between animals by biting flies acting as mechanical vectors. Carnivores can also become infected by eating infected meat.
Preventing and controlling surra
You can help prevent the disease by practising good biosecurity on your premises.
If you report suspicion of surra, the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) vets will investigate.
If the disease is confirmed the outbreak will be controlled in line with the contingency plan for exotic notifiable diseases.
Find out more about prevention and control, read the guidance on:
- disease prevention for livestock keepers
- what happens when a notifiable disease is suspected or confirmed
Legislation relating to surra
The main legislation relating to surra is: