02 Waste codes

02 wastes are from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, forestry, hunting and fishing, food preparation and processing. Your permit lists the 02 waste codes you can use. You must follow the guidance given in the Before you start section.

Your permit lists the 02 waste codes you can use.

02 01 Waste codes

02 01 01 Soils and sludges from washing and cleaning fruit and vegetables only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must follow the guidance on how to manage pests and diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

02 01 03 Plant-tissue waste

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for 20 02 01 Plant tissue waste from parks only.

You must follow the guidance on how to manage pests and diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

02 01 06 Farmyard manure and slurry, horse manure and soiled bedding made from plant tissue only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

Manure and slurry produced in agriculture are not waste when used as a fertiliser. Therefore, you do not need an environmental permit or waste exemption to store and spread it onto agricultural land. This includes when it is used by agricultural premises that did not produce the manure and slurry.

Waste code 02 01 06 is manure and slurry that is not produced in agriculture. Examples of non-agricultural premises are:

  • riding stables
  • equine centres
  • kennels
  • farms for ornamental fish
  • animal parks

02 01 06 also applies to manure and slurry intended for spreading on non-agricultural land.

This waste consists of livestock excreta mixed with bedding materials. These are plant tissue based crop residue materials such as straw and woodchip.

For non-plant tissue bedding such as gypsum use waste code 02 01 99 Slurry and manure and soiled bedding from any premises except abattoirs, soiled biodegradable bedding not made from plant tissue, soiled bedding desiccants only.

This material is typically a stackable waste. See the stackable or non-stackable guidance under section B2 in form LPD1 guidance.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits, it:

  • can be spread on land or incorporated into soil as a fertiliser
  • contains much of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium present in livestock diets
  • can provide other major nutrients such as sulphur, magnesium and trace elements
  • provides organic matter

Consider these risks and how you can prevent them. They can cause:

  • odour and flies nuisance if your operation is close to sensitive receptors such as domestic properties – for example by stacking in a field, on the farmyard or landspreading poultry manure
  • disease transfer to the receiving land, for example botulism in poultry manure and litter – this must be free of animal by-product materials

You must not:

  • spread this waste to land if other livestock have access to it
  • allow livestock to graze on land on which poultry litter has been spread for a minimum of 5 weeks

To manage the risks see:

Animal bedding wastes are often used with straw on bedded yards or pens to reduce straw use. It may also be used in systems such as cattle cubicles, stalls or corrals.

Agricultural manure and slurry mixed with non-waste bedding materials such as straw are category 2 animal by-products and are controlled by the Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations. To use these agricultural manures and slurries follow the guidance on how to use, store or move manure, guano and digestive tract content.

You must also follow the guidance on animal health and notifiable diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

For abattoir waste, see 02 02 99 Slurry and manure and soiled bedding from abattoirs including soiled biodegradable bedding not made from plant tissue and soiled bedding desiccants only.

Soiled animal bedding containing waste materials

Manures may contain other wastes used for bedding such as:

  • dried paper crumble
  • wood chips and bark
  • shredded paper and cardboard
  • oversized chips from compost production
  • desiccants, for example lime

Landspreading soiled bedding containing waste bedding materials must meet environmental controls under the Environmental Permitting Regulations. They need to be made suitable for landspreading. You must not treat waste under the mobile plant for landspreading standard rules permits and deployment.

If you want to treat the waste then you may be able to use a suitable waste permit or exemption such as the T23 Aerobic composting and associated prior treatment exemption.

You can then usually landspread this waste using the U10 waste exemption.

You must be able to meet all the conditions and register these exemptions.

This allows you to spread specific waste on agricultural land to replace manufactured fertilisers or virgin materials (such as lime) to improve or maintain soil.

02 01 99 Milk from agricultural premises only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 05 01 Biodegradable materials unsuitable for consumption or processing.

02 01 99 Untreated wash waters from cleaning fruit and vegetables on farm only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 03 01 Sludges from washing, cleaning, peeling, centrifuging and separation.

You must also follow the guidance on how to manage pests and diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

02 01 99 Slurry and manure and soiled bedding from any premises except abattoirs, soiled biodegradable bedding not made from plant tissue, soiled bedding desiccants only

You can use these wastes if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 01 06 Farmyard manure and slurry, horse manure and soiled bedding made from plant tissue only.

For abattoir waste see 02 02 99 Slurry and manure and soiled bedding from abattoirs including soiled biodegradable bedding not made from plant tissue and soiled bedding desiccants only.

02 01 99 Spent mushroom compost

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

Spent mushroom compost can be made up of materials like chopped straw, poultry and other farm manures including horse manure and ground chalk. Some spent mushroom compost may also contain added gypsum.

Spent mushroom compost may contain the lower layers of compost from the growing beds and the casing material. The casing typically consists of peat soil or an alternative material, such as:

  • commercial composts including BSI PAS 100: Specification for composted materials
  • coconut fibre and coir
  • de-inked paper fibre pellets
  • rock wool

Water and calcium carbonate are added to the casing to neutralise pH and give a moisture content of about 80%. De-inked paper fibre pellets do not require this pH adjustment.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits. It:

  • is a good source of general nutrients – typically in a range 0.7% nitrogen, 0.3% phosphorus, 0.3% potassium plus a range of trace elements
  • can be used as a soil conditioner by adding organic matter
  • increases soil organic carbon
  • improves water holding capacity
  • improves soil structure

Consider these risks. There may be chemical and physical contaminants present, depending on how the compost was produced. It can include:

  • poultry carcasses and feathers if poultry manure was used
  • physical contaminants if commercial compost was used, such as PAS 100 composts
  • pesticide and sterilant residues – take this into account in your waste analysis
  • physical contamination, such as materials discarded when handled and harvested such as damaged punnets and gloves

02 02 Waste codes

02 02 wastes are from the preparation and processing of meat, fish and other foods of animal origin.

These wastes are odorous. Therefore, it is likely that you will need to produce a site specific odour management plan. You can adopt these general measures.

General measures for odorous wastes

You can manage odorous wastes by keeping how much you store to a minimum. For example, by receiving daily deliveries and using it that day.

You should fit storage tanks with lockable valves and secondary containment unless you have other measures in place to prevent leakage or spillage.

To avoid odour, in most circumstances, you should as soon as is practicable:

  • inject liquid wastes into the soil
  • immediately incorporate liquid and solid wastes into the soil

For grass leys, forage crops and permanent pasture you must inject the waste into the soil. Do not surface spread on grassland. After injecting on grassland, wait a minimum of 3 weeks before you use the land for grazing or cutting.

For arable land, including forage maize:

  • inject waste into the soil where possible
  • surface spread and then cultivate to incorporate the waste into the soil on stubble or bare land within 24 hours
  • apply to the bottom of the rows in standing crops with a dribble bar or other suitable landspreading machinery

Injecting into the soil reduces odour and increases nutrient availability and uptake.

Food and drink waste hierarchy

For the waste you want to spread you must consider the statutory guidance Food and drink waste hierarchy: deal with surplus and waste.

02 02 01 Untreated wash waters and sludges from washing and cleaning from abattoirs, poultry preparation plants, rendering plants or fish preparation plants only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • iodine
  • oil and fat trap wastes

02 02 01 Wash waters and sludges from secondary food processing or the cook chill sector

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must also follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • iodine
  • oil and fat trap wastes

02 02 02 Blood and gut contents from abattoirs, poultry preparation plants, rendering plant or fish preparation plants only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description: 02 02 02 Blood and gut contents from abattoirs, poultry preparation plants, rendering plant or fish preparation plants only. State in your application form if it is blood or gut content.

The following information applies to this waste:

You must also follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • iodine
  • oil and fat trap wastes

Blood

Abattoirs and poultry preparation plants produce waste blood in large quantities. You can apply blood to land as a source of nutrients, especially nitrogen.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits:

  • the nitrogen content in blood is very high – typically more than 15kg/m3 total nitrogen and 2kg/m3 of ammonium nitrogen.
  • blood provides more readily available plant nutrients than most organic wastes with a potassium and phosphorus content of 1 to 2kg/m3

Consider these risks:

  • blood may have high concentrations of salt, nitrogen and potassium – these may increase the electrical conductivity of the soil, which may inhibit the uptake of water by the soil
  • blood can cause scorching due to its high nitrogen content
  • due to its high biological oxygen demand, applying too much blood which is readily degradable by soil microorganisms can rapidly cause anaerobic soil conditions
  • blood wastes can be offensive – visual and olfactory
  • animal by-product blood treatment requirements can involve using chemicals such as iodine, that may remain present in the blood

The waste producer must treat blood following the animal by-products regulations before you can apply it to land. They will need to follow guidance for the animal by-product industry. You must make sure this has been done.

You must:

  • take precautions to minimise visual and odour nuisance
  • provide information on the chemicals that were used to treat the blood in your waste analysis

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • salty whey and other high conductivity waste
  • biochemical and chemical oxygen demand
  • iodine

Gut contents

The slaughter industry produces waste gut contents. This consists predominantly of partially-digested feed or vegetable matter. Make sure that all boluses found in gut contents have been removed at the abattoir before landspreading.

Benefits and risks

A benefit is that gut contents contain high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Typically:

  • nitrogen – 5kg/m3 including moderately high ammonium nitrogen content
  • phosphorus – 1kg/m3
  • potassium – typically 1kg/m3

Consider these risks:

  • stomach and gut contents can cause odour, depending on how long it is stored
  • can attract scavengers

Operational considerations

The best place to store gut contents is at the site where it is produced. If this is not possible, consider the potential for:

  • odour nuisance
  • leachate, especially following rain

You will need to:

  • aim to landspread stored gut material within 24 hours
  • wait a minimum of 3 weeks before using the land for grazing or cutting after landspreading on grassland

The following information applies to this waste:

02 02 02 Cooked shellfish shell which is not completely free of flesh

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 02 99 Processed animal by-product material from rendering plants.

02 02 02 Egg shells from hatcheries, processing plants and similar premises

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 02 99 Processed animal by-product material from rendering plants.

02 02 02 Shellfish shells from which the soft tissue or flesh has been removed only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 02 99 Processed animal by-product material from rendering plants.

02 02 04 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment plant from abattoirs, poultry preparation plants, rendering plants or fish preparation plants only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for 16 10 02 Wash waters from animal by-product intermediate plants that meet the waste water treatment requirements in the Animal By-Products Regulations.

Sludge from biological treatment plants for food waste

You must make sure that any animal by-product waste has had the correct treatment and is suitable for landspreading. You must see animal by-products in Landspreading: how to comply with your permit.

Effluent treatment plant waste undergoes various degrees of biological treatment depending on the type of system in place. Biological treatment of food waste can result in the partial conversion of plant nutrients from an organic to an inorganic form. Much of the remaining nitrogen occurs in readily degradable bacterial floc.

Consider these benefits:

  • total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are usually present in low to moderate amounts greater than 0.5kg/m3 – much of the nitrogen is readily available for plants
  • biosludges from the food industry are usually low in contaminants and need only be monitored for their nutrient content in relation to crop requirements
  • amounts of potassium and phosphorus in the sludge can be beneficial but are highly variable
  • the solids content is usually low, and the material is commonly applied as a liquid sludge
  • waste that has received biological treatment can be more stable (less odorous) and have a reduced, less potentially polluting biological oxygen demand

Consider these risks:

  • some wastes can have high nutrient and biological oxygen demand content if there has been no biological treatment
  • biosludges from other industries may contain inorganic or organic contaminants
  • sludges are liable to decay with the potential to cause odour problems
  • over-applying these waste types may cause anoxic soil conditions, which adversely affects crop growth
  • over-applying could contaminate surface or groundwater

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits:

  • it is a source of readily-available plant nutrients
  • nitrogen levels can be very high, usually in excess of 8kg/m3 with ammonium nitrogen usually present in excess of 1kg/m3 – due to the large amount of blood in the waste
  • potassium, phosphorus and magnesium can all be present in variable amounts and can exceed 1 to 2kg/m3

Consider these risks. It can:

  • be a potential source of high fat materials from chicken processing plants, although different types of abattoir produce different types and percentages of fat
  • cause odour problems – some sludges are liable to decay
  • over-application can result in anoxic soil conditions, which may lead to problems with crop growth such as stunted growth, yellowing leaves, die back and reduced yield
  • over-application can pollute surface water or groundwater
  • have harmful effects on crop growth at relatively low animal fat percentages compared to wastes containing other types of fats and oils

Operational considerations

For sludge from biological treatment plants at meat and fish processing plants, you will need to base your application rates on both the plant nutrient content and the fat content of the waste.

Consider the following:

  • fatty waste is generally unsuitable for surface application by splash plate spreader to growing crops
  • using soil placement methods such as trailing shoe or dribble bar spreaders to apply the waste to the soil surface
  • cultivating bare soils and stubbles to prevent problems such as surface capping and anoxia as soon as possible after the waste is applied
  • that high application rates of fatty wastes can also cause nitrogen deficiency within the soil as bacteria compete to degrade the waste

Injecting fatty waste can help to reduce odour. You must make sure any fatty material is thoroughly mixed through the soil profile during field operations. After applying to agricultural grassland, leave an interval of at least 3 weeks before using the grass for grazing or cutting.

You must also follow the guidance on how to manage oil and fat trap wastes in Landspreading: how to manage soil health, if applicable.

02 02 99 Processed animal by-product material from rendering plants

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for

Processed animal protein

If you plan to spread processed animal protein you must follow the Animal By Products Regulations. See:

Processed animal protein contains useful amounts of total nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and other trace elements. It also contributes organic matter to the soil.

Nutrient availability is linked to how fine the material is. Finer ground materials are quicker releasing and have higher availabilities.

Benefits and risks

This waste contains useful levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, typically:

  • nitrogen – 8% (12 to 15% available)
  • phosphorus – 6% (25% available)
  • potassium – 1%
  • calcium – 10 to 15%
  • organic matter – 50%

It may also contain traces of magnesium, sulphur, boron and selenium

Consider these risks. It can:

  • cause odour, during delivery, handling, storage and landspreading
  • attract scavengers
  • generate leachate
  • result in flies and dust nuisance
  • lead to adverse effects on soil microorganism ecology

Operational considerations

Incorporate this waste within 24 hours or sooner. You must not spread it on grassland where:

  • stock may eat surface material
  • before cutting it for silage or hay

You must:

  • cover stockpiles to prevent scavengers, leachate generation, flies and dust nuisance
  • keep stockpiles away from land drainage, surface water, boreholes, groundwater source protection zones and sensitive human receptors

02 02 99 Catering waste

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 02 99 Processed animal by-product material from rendering plants.

02 02 99 Slurry and manure and soiled bedding from abattoirs including soiled biodegradable bedding not made from plant tissue and soiled bedding desiccants only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

It includes lairage waste.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description: 02 02 99 Slurry and manure and soiled bedding from abattoirs including soiled biodegradable bedding not made from plant tissue and soiled bedding desiccants only. State in your application if it is lairage waste.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for

You must also follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • organic manures
  • iodine
  • salty whey and other high conductivity waste

Lairage waste

Lairage is a place in the abattoir where livestock are kept before slaughter. The term also applies to the facilities at auction markets and includes:

  • loading ramps
  • passageways
  • holding pens
  • drafting races
  • covered housing
  • feeding and watering points

Lairage waste must not contain anything other than livestock excreta and bedding materials, it is essentially farmyard manure.

Lairage waste is a category 2 animal by-product. You must see animal by-products in Landspreading: how to comply with your permit.

You must also follow the guidance for iodine in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits, it:

  • is a source of organic matter
  • contributes to the soil organic content in the same way as farmyard manure

Consider these risks:

  • it has the potential for contamination with Animal By Products Regulations material, such as gut content
  • over-application can result in leaching and surface run-off, causing water pollution
  • the waste may contain desiccants and disinfectants

You must consider if you will be allowed to apply this waste during notifiable animal disease outbreaks to prevent disease transmission. You must follow the guidance for animal health and notifiable diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

02 02 99 Wash waters from animal by-product handling and processing plants that meet the waste water treatment requirements in the animal by-products regulations

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

The following information applies to this waste:

For this waste you must follow the information for 16 10 02 wash waters from animal by-product intermediate plants that meet the waste water treatment requirements in the Animal By Products Regulations.

Wash waters often contain small amounts of blood but typically do not require treatment. They may also contain treatment chemicals to comply with Animal By Products Regulations controls such as iodine.

You must follow the guidance for iodine in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

Operational considerations

To minimise the risks to animal and human health you must apply this waste to land by either:

  • subsurface injection to a depth of at least 15cm
  • shallower injection or surface application but you must work the wash waters into the soil as soon as is practical and before allowing grazing animals on the land

02 03 Waste codes

02 03 wastes are from fruit, vegetables, cereals, edible oils, cocoa, coffee, tea and tobacco preparation and processing; conserve production; yeast and yeast extract production, molasses preparation and fermentation.

02 03 01 Sludges from washing and cleaning produced during food preparation and processing only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

You must follow the guidance on how to manage pests and diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

The waste can consist of vegetable matter, soil and wash waters. Nutrient contents are highly variable due to the many potential sources of these wastes. The wastes are often liquid, with a solids content of approximately 1%.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits:

  • vegetable matter contains moderately high amounts of all 3 major nutrients nitrogen, potassium and potash in non-readily-available, organic forms – usually greater than 0.5kg/m3
  • some waste may be stored for a period of time; this allows the nutrients to break down because they are effectively digested and composted and may slightly increase the availability of the nutrients

Consider these risks:

  • wastes from processing imported and home grown vegetables can contain a range of pests and diseases
  • diseased material may be present in imported waste plant matter which could infect the next crops – you will need to check its type and source
  • high biological oxygen demand wastes could pollute the water environment if spread incorrectly
  • wastes may be highly acidic or alkaline if the waste producer has done pH buffering
  • process waters may cause run-off or enter land drains
  • wash waters containing starch or high organic content may increase the biological oxygen demand of an effluent to over 1750mg/litre, for example the effluent from processing potatoes can be high in starch

Operational considerations

These and other wastes liable to decay could cause odour pollution.

You must follow the information given in rule 3.3: odour in Landspreading: how to comply with your permit.

You must take care if landspreading wastes that are low in dry matter, such as process waters, at high rates and when soil conditions are not suitable. For example, during dry weather when the soil is cracked and fissured or after prolonged wet periods when the soil is saturated.

02 03 01 Sludges from washing, cleaning, peeling, centrifuging and separation

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B. It includes waste from vegetable preparation and processing.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description: 02 03 01 Sludges from washing, cleaning, peeling, centrifuging and separation. State if it is vegetable preparation and processing.

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • pests and diseases
  • biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand

02 03 01 Wash waters and sludges from secondary food processing or the cook chill sector

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 03 01 Sludges from washing, cleaning, peeling, centrifuging and separation.

02 03 02 Wastes from preserving agents

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

02 03 03 Wastes from solvent extraction

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

An example of solvent use is in decaffeinated coffee production.

You must describe these wastes correctly in your benefit statement. You will need to state which method was used to decaffeinate. Here are some of the methods used.

Water method

Green coffee is immersed in water where the caffeine content is dissolved and removed. The caffeine is removed from the solution using activated carbon or other adsorbents, which keep the caffeine, and the water can then be recycled.

Ethyl acetate method

Ethyl acetate occurs in several natural products. A combination of water and ethyl-acetate is used to decaffeinate. The ethyl acetate is circulated around the water soaked beans to extract the caffeine. Then the mixture of water, ethyl acetate and caffeine is drained from the extracting vessel.

Supercritical carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide method

Under certain conditions this process allows for selective caffeine extraction leaving most of the other coffee bean constituents unaltered. The use of carbon dioxide in its supercritical state (between its liquid and gaseous state) needs very high pressure up to about 25 MPa. Liquid carbon dioxide can also be used for caffeine extraction with lower pressure and lower temperatures.

Methylene chloride (dichloromethane-DCM) method

DCM extracts the caffeine selectively and has a low boiling point. In the extracting vessel, DCM is circulated around the water soaked beans to extract the caffeine. The mixture of DCM and caffeine is then drained from the extracting vessel. The DCM can then be recovered.

You will need to consider these solvents:

  • methylene chloride
  • acetone
  • ethyl ether
  • hexane, heptane and cyclohexane

These solvents exhibit a range of toxicity, flammability and volatility. They present an accident risk and are a source of volatile organic carbon emissions.

02 03 04 Biodegradable materials unsuitable for consumption or processing only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • pests and diseases
  • invasive non-native plants
  • harmful weeds

02 03 05 Effluent from the on-site treatment of wash waters from cleaning fruit and vegetables on farm only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • pests and diseases
  • invasive non-native plants
  • harmful weeds

02 03 05 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B. It includes sludges from onsite effluent treatment plants of food and drink waste.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description: 02 03 05 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment. State that the waste sludges from onsite effluent treatment plants of food and drink waste.

You must follow the guidance given in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • pests and diseases
  • invasive non-native plants
  • harmful weeds

You must also follow the information for:

Sludges from on-site effluent treatment plants of food and drink waste

Digestate from anaerobic and aerobic digestion is separated into solid and liquid fractions, in same way as cattle slurry can be separated. This gives flexibility because the volume of liquid is reduced and it removes the need to mix before spreading.

Mesophilic and thermophilic digestion processes are used to destroy most viruses and pathogens found in livestock manures. Animal by-product related diseases such as Bovine Viral Diarrhoea, Aujeskys Disease and Johnes Disease are destroyed or reduced. These processes also reduce plant pathogen levels and the viability of weed seeds.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits:

  • nitrogen in the liquid fraction is more plant available so separation can increase the efficiency of nitrogen uptake
  • the solid fraction may be higher in phosphorus

Consider these risks:

  • it can cause nuisance and odour
  • some sludge from industrial treatment processes may contain dangerous and hazardous substances which could make them unsuitable for applying to land – you will need to get this information from the waste producer

Operational considerations

To reduce the risk of odour, you can:

  • compost the waste before spreading – you must follow the waste controls such as a registered waste exemption T23 or apply for a treatment permit
  • inject the waste

02 03 99 Biodegradable wastes not otherwise specified from the processing of such materials including those from secondary food processing or the cook-chill sector

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

02 03 99 Soils from cleaning and washing fruit and vegetables only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • pests and diseases
  • invasive non-native plants
  • harmful weeds

02 03 99 Untreated wash waters from cleaning fruit and vegetables on farm only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • pests and diseases
  • invasive non-native plants
  • harmful weeds

02 04 Waste codes

02 04 wastes are from sugar processing.

02 04 01 Soil from cleaning and washing beet

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2A.

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 01 01 Soils and sludges from washing and cleaning fruit and vegetables only.

You must also follow the guidance on how to manage pests and diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

You may apply soils from sugar beet washing at a rate of 1,500 t/ha. However, consider if you need to restrict the amount you apply so that you do not exceed the maximum allowed plant nutrient loading.

02 04 02 Off-specification calcium carbonate

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

It includes the waste lime sugar sludge. In your deployment application use the waste code and description 02 04 02 Off-specification calcium carbonate. State if it is lime sugar sludge.

You must follow the guidance on how to manage pests and diseases in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

Lime sugar sludge

Lime sugar sludge waste comes from processing sugar cane and sugar beet. It usually contains large quantities of lime, mainly calcium and magnesium carbonate with an amount of calcium hydroxide. The pH is generally around 7.5 and the neutralising value of the sludge is in the range of 10 to 20% in solid waste but will vary with moisture content.

You must base the liming benefit on the specific neutralising value of the waste.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits, it can:

  • replace other materials to adjust soil pH for benefit
  • provide small amounts plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

Applying too much lime to some soils and crop can cause a deficiency of trace elements, in a similar way to using agricultural lime.

For more detailed information see manage soil pH in Landspreading: how to manage soil health.

02 04 03 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

02 04 99 Biodegradable wastes not otherwise specified derived from the processing of sugar

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

02 05 Waste codes

02 05 wastes are from the dairy products industry.

Dairy wastes

Dairy wastes produced on site and stored in silos may provide an environment for bacteria to increase. This may:

  • effect livestock that graze on land recently spread with dairy wastes
  • make the wastes more odorous

You must follow the guidance given in rule 3.3: odour in Landspreading: how to comply with your permit.

02 05 01 Biodegradable materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

It includes waste milk.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description: 02 05 01 Biodegradable materials unsuitable for consumption or processing. State if it waste milk.

Follow the information given for:

You must follow the guidance in Landspreading: how to manage soil health for how to manage:

  • salty whey and other high conductivity waste
  • oil and fat trap wastes

Waste milk

If you can meet all of the conditions then you can use the U10 waste exemption: spreading waste to benefit agricultural land to spread waste milk from your agricultural premises onto agricultural land. Once you move milk off the farm or the dairy it came from, the animal by-products regulations apply. See animal by-products in Landspreading: how to comply with your permit.

Under the U10 waste exemption, you must dilute milk with an equal amount (or more) of water or slurry before you spread it.

Note that if you mix slurry with milk in enclosed spaces you increase the risk of lethal or explosive gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide.

For further guidance see how to dispose of milk from your farm or dairy.

You may need to spread waste milk to land because of bad weather, disease restrictions or other circumstances. Follow the guidance preventing agricultural pollution in exceptional circumstances.

You can spread waste milk to land that can no longer be used for processing or consumption.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits, milk:

  • contains some nutrient values although this is quite low
  • can be used to irrigate some crops

Consider these risks, milk can:

  • create toxic gasses if mixed with slurry in enclosed spaces
  • if used to dilute slurry, increase the liquid fraction which may cause run-off problems
  • contain antibiotics or other veterinary medicines – you can lessen this risk by adding slurry – be aware of toxic gas production
  • cause odour nuisance
  • effect livestock that graze on land spread with dairy waste

You may have to dilute the milk before you spread it because it has a high biological oxygen demand. You can dilute waste milk from processing plants with wash waters from the plant.

02 05 02 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

You must follow the guidance given for:

02 05 99 Biodegradable wastes not otherwise specified derived from the processing of dairy products

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

Follow the information given for:

02 06 Waste codes

02 06 wastes are from the baking and confectionery industry.

02 06 01 Biodegradable materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

02 06 02 Wastes from preserving agents

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

02 06 03 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for:

02 06 99 Biodegradable wastes not otherwise specified from the processing of materials used in baking and confectionary

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must follow the information for 02 03 05 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment.

02 07 Waste codes

02 07 wastes are from the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages (except coffee, tea and cocoa).

02 07 01 Wastes from washing, cleaning and mechanical reduction of raw materials

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

This waste code relates to the brewing and soft drinks industry.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description 02 07 01 Wastes from washing, cleaning and mechanical reduction of raw materials. State if it is brewing and soft drink waste.

Also follow the information for waste from non-alcoholic drinks under 02 07 05 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment.

Brewing and soft drink waste

The brewing and soft drinks industry produce large quantities of water that contain residues of either carbohydrates or alcohol. If left, over time, carbohydrate and alcohol solutions degrade to produce weak organic acids. The acids are weak in the sense that they are poorly buffered and easily neutralised. However, they can greatly affect the pH of the solution. Solutions at pH 7.0 can easily degrade to as low as pH 2.0 if left for 24 hours.

The waste comes from washing or other processes that create weak effluents. Although weak in an agricultural sense, these effluents are usually very high in biological oxygen demand (up to 40,000mg/l) and so are expensive to discharge to sewer.

Wastes with a high biological oxygen demand can cause pollution if they enter surface waters through run-off or land drainage.

There is usually a low nutrient content in waste beer and wash water.

Benefits and risks

Consider these benefits:

  • some wash waters contain yeast, which provides a moderate nitrogen content, but this waste is usually weak in nutrients (less than 0.1kg/m3) due to a low solids content
  • if applied in large quantities, for example more than 110m3/ha as weak wash water, the waste can benefit the soil as part of a managed irrigation plan

Consider these risks:

  • waste beer and wash waters can become acidic unless neutralised because they contain carbohydrates in solution
  • low pH waste applied to the soil can severely stunt crop growth – this is usually short-term because most soils have a buffering capacity capable of dealing with such weakly-buffered acidic waste
  • leaf scorch can result from applications to growing crops using high trajectory methods

Operational considerations

You must not apply this waste to land with a pH of less than 5.5.

The waste producer may need to consider pre-treatment to neutralise the acidity of the waste. They can do this by adding caustic soda or a similar alkali material before it is collected and landspread.

Consider the soil type and assess the potential risk. For example, there is a higher risk to non-calcareous sandy soils from this waste type.

Aim to use methods which place the waste on the soil in growing crops, instead of high trajectory methods.

02 07 02 Wastes from spirits distillation

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

Distilleries produce large amounts of weak wash water with no yeast or Kieselguhr waste.

The pH of the waste can be low. You must not landspread where the soil is less than pH 5.5 unless the waste producer has added caustic soda or a similar alkali material to neutralise the waste.

Benefits and risks

If you propose to apply more than 110m3/ha effluents, the waste can give agricultural benefit as part of your irrigation plan. However, it is very weak in nutrients.

Copper is often found in this waste because the distillery industry has traditionally used copper vessels. The low pH can cause sludges to have significant levels of copper which can build up in the receiving soil.

02 07 03 Wastes from the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages (except coffee, tea and cocoa)

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

It includes Kieselguhr sludge.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description 02 07 03 Wastes from the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages (except coffee, tea and cocoa). State if it is kieselguhr sludge.

Kieselguhr sludge

Kieselguhr is a clay mineral added to brewing liquors to clarify them. The brewing process produces waste sludge which can contain a large amount of yeast debris and other solid matter. It is usual for the waste producer to mix the sludge with weak wash waters because of the solid content and its thixotropic nature. This allows the material to be pumped, making it easier to handle.

Benefits and risks

Kieselguhr sludge gives agricultural benefit as it usually contains an ideal mix of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen. There is usually more than 2kg/m3 present.

You must know the pH of the waste before you store or landspread it. It may have a low pH value because kieselguhr sludge is often added to other waste liquors from the brewing process.

You must not:

  • accept this waste unless the waste producer has adjusted the pH back to pH 6.0 to 7.0
  • mix the waste to adjust the pH – mixing is treatment and you are not allowed to treat waste under SR2010 No 4

You may be able to mix the waste for operational purposes only. For more details.

See:

02 07 04 Materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

It includes the waste type trub and yeast waste.

In your deployment application use the waste code and description 02 07 04 Materials unsuitable for consumption or processing. State if it is trub and yeast waste.

Trub and yeast waste

Trub and yeast waste contains primary brewing materials and can be rich in brewers’ grains, malt and yeast debris. This waste is often:

  • mixed with other wastes before it is supplied for landspreading
  • sold separately as animal feed

Benefits and risks

Trub and yeast waste can contain large quantities of all the major plant nutrients, which can be beneficial.

You may need to manage odour from this waste. You must follow rule 3.3 odour in Landspreading: how to comply with your permit.

02 07 05 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

It includes the waste from non-alcoholic drink production.

On your deployment application use the waste code and description 02 07 05 Sludges from on-site effluent treatment. State if it is waste from non-alcoholic drinks.

Waste from non-alcoholic drinks

Non-alcoholic drink manufacturers produce large volumes of wastes. They are low in solid content and very low in nutrients. They do have very high levels of soluble sugars. This can result in a high biological oxygen demand and a very low pH. The waste producer can neutralise pH by adding caustic soda or similar alkali material.

Pulps from mechanical juice extraction are often used in animal feeds or as feedstock in composting operations. Waste producers can treat the waste by aerobic or anaerobic digestion to reduce the biological oxygen demand.

Benefits and risks

Treated waste can produce a sludge containing plant nutrients that may have some beneficial use for agriculture or ecological improvement. This treatment produces a biological sludge with a nitrogen content which can provide some agricultural benefit or the means for ecological improvement.

Because sugars do not contain plant nutrients, you may not be able to justify using untreated waste as an agricultural benefit.

Applying it for irrigation purposes can give benefit.

Consider these risks:

You must not apply this waste to land with soils with a pH of less than 5.5. You can apply this waste if the producer has neutralised the acidity of the waste.

For this waste you must also follow the information for:

02 07 99 Biodegradable wastes not otherwise specified from the processing of the raw materials used in the production of such beverages only

You can use this waste if you hold SR2010 No 4 – see table 2.2B.

For this waste you must also follow the information for: