Ecuador: migrant health guide
Advice and guidance on the health needs of migrant patients from Ecuador for healthcare practitioners.
Main messages
If the patient is new to the UK:
- explain to them how the NHS works and their entitlements to healthcare
- discuss how this compares to the healthcare system they’ve been used to
- follow guidance on how to comprehensively assess new migrant patients
- ensure that they are up-to-date with the UK immunisation schedule
- ask about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin
Screen all new entrants, including children, for tuberculosis (TB).
Due to a low prevalence, ascertain any risk factors for hepatitis B infection that may indicate the need for screening.
There is a risk of malaria in some areas.
Be alert for possible cases of Chagas disease, and refer as appropriate, because there is a risk of chronic Chagas disease in migrants.
Infectious diseases
Immunisation
Ensure that all patients, especially children, are up-to-date with the UK immunisation schedule. See Immunisation collection with complete schedules.
Tuberculosis
There is a high incidence of TB in Ecuador (40 to 499 cases per 100,000), so:
- screen all new entrants (including children) for TB according to NICE guidelines
- refer to TB services promptly if screening is positive
- maintain long term vigilance for symptoms of TB even if initial screening is negative
- be aware that TB is a notifiable disease
Sexually transmitted infections and HIV
Take a sexual history, and:
- screen for STIs and HIV according to risk as specified in the UK national standards and guidelines
- test all sexually active patients under the age of 25 for chlamydia
Ecuador has a low rate of HIV (≤1%), so offer and recommend an HIV test if the patient:
- falls into a high risk group
- is newly registering in a high prevalence area
Hepatitis B
Ecuador has a low prevalence of hepatitis B, so:
- offer screening for hepatitis B to all pregnant women during each pregnancy
- immunise appropriately babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive, and follow up accordingly
- be aware that the UK has a a universal infant immunisation programme for hepatitis B and a selective immunisation programme for higher risk groups
Hepatitis C
Ecuador has a higher prevalence of hepatitis C than the UK, so consider screening for hepatitis C if other risk factors apply.
Malaria
There is a low risk of malaria in some areas, so:
- test any unwell patient who has travelled to and from affected areas in the last year
- remember that malaria can be rapidly fatal
Typhoid
There is a risk of typhoid infection in Ecuador, so:
- ensure that travellers to Ecuador are offered typhoid immunisation and advice on prevention of enteric fever
- remember enteric fever in the differential diagnosis of illness in patients with a recent history of travel to or from Ecuador
Chagas
There is a risk of chronic Chagas disease in migrants from Ecuador, so:
- be alert for possible cases
- refer as appropriate
Travel plans and advice
Ask opportunistically about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin. People who travel to visit friends and relatives (VFR travellers) should visit the Foreign and Commonwealth Office for overseas travel advice and National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) for country specific travel advice prior to leaving the UK.
Nutritional and metabolic concerns
Anaemia
There is a moderate risk of anaemia in adults (estimated prevalence in non-pregnant women is 20 to 40%) and a high risk in pre-school children (estimated prevalence is >40%), so:
- be alert to the possibility of anaemia in recently arrived migrants, particularly women and pre-school children
- test as clinically indicated
Vitamin D
Consider the possibility of vitamin D deficiency in people who may be at risk due to:
- darker skin
- those who are not often outdoors
- those who cover up most of their skin when outdoors
Vitamin A
There may be a risk of vitamin A deficiency.
Iodine
People from Ecuador may be at risk of adverse health consequences due to excessive intake of iodine.
Women’s health
Reproductive health indicators
| Reproductive health indicator | UK | Ecuador |
|---|---|---|
| Number of children per woman¹ | 1.7 | 2.4 |
| Use of contraception² | 71.7% | 80.1% |
¹lifetime average; ²by woman of reproductive age or partner
Country profile
Health indicators and health care
WHO Global Health Observatory has a summary of health indicators and health care in Ecuador.
Culture, politics and history
BBC News and The World Factbook provide background information on the culture, politics and history of Ecuador.
Languages
| Language | Population (%) |
|---|---|
| Spanish (Castillian) (official) | 93 |
| Quechua¹ | 4.1 |
| Other indigenous² | 0.7 |
| Foreign | 2.2 |
¹Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; ²other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit
Source: The World Factbook.
Religions
| Religion | Population (%) |
|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 74 |
| Evangelical | 10.4 |
| Jehovah’s Witness | 1.2 |
| Other¹ | 6.4 |
| Atheist | 7.9 |
| Agnostic | 0.1 |
¹includes Mormon, Buddhist, Jewish, Spiritualist, Muslim, Hindu, indigenous, African American, Pentecostal
Source: The World Factbook.
Migration to the UK
There were almost 9,000 people from Ecuador living in England and Wales at the time of the 2011 Census.
Source: Office for National Statistics.
Last updated 7 September 2021 + show all updates
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Updated country guidance on prevalence of communicable diseases and other health topics.
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First published.