Official Statistics

MOD supported employment estimates 2022/23

Updated 27 May 2025

The Finance and Economics Statistical Bulletin series provides figures on the composition and scope of the Department’s expenditure, information on the impact of defence spending on the wider economy, and compares Ministry of Defence (MOD) spending to that of other departments and countries.

This publication presents the number of direct and indirect jobs supported by MOD in 2022/23 by UK region and industry group.

Caution - Figures and charts contained within this bulletin are outdated. Please refer to the supporting data tables for the most up to date figures

A revision has been made to the estimates of direct and indirect employment supported by MOD expenditure in 2022/23. This was due to an error in data received from the ONS, which are used to calculate our employment estimates. The correction has resulted in an approximate 2% increase in direct and indirect jobs supported by MOD employment. The updated figures are available in the supporting tables and will also be published in the upcoming 2023/24 edition of the MOD Supported Employment Estimates, due for publication in July 2025.

Figures contained within this report have not been updated, therefore treat any graphics and commentary with caution and refer to the new edition of the statistics once released.

This publication only includes MOD-supported employment statistics.

Prior to 2022/23, these statistics were published in MOD Regional Expenditure with UK Industry and Supported Employment statistics. The decision was made to split the expenditure and jobs estimates into separate statistics to improve on timeliness and quality of the expenditure statistics. The expenditure estimates for 2022/23 were published in February 2024 and can be found in the MOD Regional Expenditure with UK industry bulletin.

The methodology used to produce the regional expenditure estimates has been reviewed for the 2022/23 publication. As a result, revisions have been made to the estimates of regional expenditure and jobs supported by this expenditure for 2020/21 and 2021/22 to allow for consistent comparisons across years.

Further revisions have been made to the jobs estimates by transitioning to more up to date versions of the ONS Input-Output Analytical Tables (IOATs) and Supply-Use Tables (SUTs), which are used in the estimation process:

• 2018/19 jobs were estimated using 2018 IOATs and SUTs
• 2019/20 through to 2022/23 jobs were estimated using the 2019 IOAT and SUTs

Whilst the 2020 version of the IOATs and SUTs have been published, the decision was made not to use them as those estimates would have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. More details can be found by visiting the Background Quality Report.

Overall, the revisions have resulted in the following percentage increases in the estimates of the total jobs supported by MOD expenditure with UK industry: 5% in 2018/19, 2% in 2019/20, 4% in 2020/21 and 8% in 2021/22.

1. Key Points

239,000	Total number of direct and indirect jobs supported through MOD expenditure with UK industry.
	This is comprised of 134,000 direct jobs and 105,000 indirect jobs, up from a combined total of 225,000 in 2021/22.
1 in 110	Proportion of all direct and indirect jobs in the UK which are supported as a result of MOD expenditure with UK industry.
	This is an increase from the 1 in 120 in the previous year.
434,000	The total number of UK jobs supported when combining jobs supported in industry with MOD civilian and UK Regular Armed Forces personnel based in the UK.
	The equivalent of 1 in every 60 UK jobs.
44%	The rise in the number of direct jobs per 100,000 people in FTE employment supported by MOD expenditure in Yorkshire and The Humber compared to the previous year.
	This accounts for an additional 40 direct jobs per 100,000 people in FTE employment.
8,400	Total number of direct jobs supported by MOD expenditure in the Weapons and ammunition industry.
	This accounts for an additional 5,200 jobs, largely as a result of increased expenditure related to the delivery of AJAX Specialist Vehicles to the British Army and UK’s support to Ukraine in their ongoing conflict.
40,000	Total number of indirect jobs supported in Technical, financial services and other business services as a result of MOD expenditure with UK industry.
	Total MOD expenditure supports more jobs in this sector than in any other industry group.

Responsible statistician: Analysis-Expenditure Head of Branch

Telephone: 030 015 86554

Further information/mailing list: Analysis-Expenditure-PQ-FOI@mod.gov.uk

Background quality report: Background Quality Report

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2. Introduction

This publication provides estimates on the number of direct and indirect full-time equivalent (FTE) jobs supported in the UK by MOD expenditure. Tables and figures present statistics for the most recent financial year and comparisons will be made in the narrative to previous financial years where appropriate. Detailed statistics can be found in the supporting data tables.

The number of direct and indirect jobs are estimated using MOD regional expenditure data, external data such as employment and turnover data from the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) and the Annual Business Survey (ABS) and additional supply and use data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

Direct jobs will be presented in the following ways:

• by ITL Level 1 regions (for clarity these will be referred to as regions in text).
• as the number of FTE jobs supported for every 100,000 people in FTE employment in each region. This measure considers the employment levels of each region and will make these figures more directly comparable.
• by industry group.

Indirect jobs will be presented by industry group only. No reliable regional split can currently be given as there are no regional Input-Output Analytical Tables available from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) from which these estimates are derived. The limitations of this are discussed further in the Methodology and Background Quality Report.

2.1 Context

Estimates on direct and indirect jobs have been produced in recent years within the MOD Regional Expenditure with UK Industry and Supported Employment bulletin series. Direct jobs are the jobs supported within companies receiving payments for goods and services directly from MOD. Indirect jobs are those that occur further down the supply chain through sub-contracting or via suppliers to the direct contractor.

Prior to this, estimated jobs figures were published as part of the UK Defence Statistics (UKDS) publication and included both direct and indirect jobs.

2.2 Comparisons over time: overall

Jobs statistics are derived from MOD expenditure estimates which are based on MOD contract information and display natural variability. Thus, we would expect total jobs to fluctuate year-on-year due to yearly variations in total expenditure with large value contracts starting and ending across different financial years or large one-off payments occurring. MOD Direct Expenditure figures published up until 2009 in UK Defence Statistics showed a similar amount of variation between years to the figures presented in the rest of this bulletin.

2.3 Comparisons over time: by region and industry group

Contract payment data can fluctuate naturally across years due to occurrences of large payments and therefore, comparison of longer term trends in jobs estimates which are derived from MOD contract information is preferential to year on year comparisons which should be used with caution.

2.4 Comparisons over time: to other published statistics

Please note that these statistics are broadly similar to estimates published in UK Defence Statistics, but should not be directly compared due to methodological differences. Since estimates of employment were previously produced, output per FTE has increased across most industries. Output per FTE is calculated as an industry’s total output divided by its number of FTE employees and can be used as an indicator of how much output is generated for each FTE employee in the industry. If MOD expenditure in an industry remains the same and output per FTE employee increases, then we see greater productivity per FTE employee and witness a reduction in the number of jobs estimated. This is of particular relevance in industries where MOD expenditure is high such as Shipbuilding and Aircraft manufacturing and repair. In addition, earlier estimates also included expenditure and jobs supported as a result of exports.

ADS (a trade organisation for Aerospace, Defence and Security) publish annual estimates of the number of direct jobs supported in the Defence Sector in their annual Industry Facts and Figures publication. ADS estimates are based on a specific definition of what constitutes the defence sector and also include estimated employment as a result of defence exports. In contrast, the estimates produced in this publication are based on all MOD expenditure with industry and include elements of spending that wouldn’t necessarily be considered as ‘defence’, such as financial services, so the two estimates are not directly comparable.

The Joint Economic Data Hub (JEDHub), based in the UK Defence Solutions Centre (UKDSC), is a collaborative initiative to improve understanding of the defence sector’s contribution to the UK economy. UKDSC has worked with MOD, other government departments (OGDs), Defence Growth Parternship (DGP) companies, trade bodies and academics to develop the JEDHub. A key part of this work has been collecting and aggregating data from defence companies through a new survey. The latest JEDHub Annual Economic Report was published in April 2024, which included estimates of turnover and employment in the defence sector. Employment data in the report was based on companies responding to the JEDHub survey. This data is not directly comparable to the MOD estimates, due to it just being based on survey responses from specific companies and the survey using a specific definition of the defence sector rather than including all elements of MOD spending with industry.

Significant improvements have been made to the regional employment statistics estimation processes compared to the previous format. Years 2018/19 through to 2021/22 have been revised and the time series in the new format of employment statistics should be used over the old format. For more details please see the Background Quality Report.

2.5 Accuracy

Several assumptions have been made during analysis of this data. For further information on these, and for more detailed explanations of the applications and limitations of this data, please refer to the Background Quality Report.

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Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to. You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards. Please contact us at Analysis-Publications@mod.gov.uk. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

3. Direct and Indirect Jobs Supported by MOD Expenditure with UK Industry

This section outlines the number of direct and indirect jobs supported by MOD expenditure with UK industry. Both direct and indirect jobs are presented by financial year and direct jobs are presented by region. The underlying data does not support regional breakdowns for indirect jobs. This section does not include jobs supported by MOD direct public sector employment i.e. civilian personnel employed by the MOD or those serving in the armed forces.

The total number of jobs supported by MOD expenditure with industry in 2022/23 has increased by 14,000 to 239,000.

Full-Time Equivalent employment Full-time equivalent (FTE) employment is a figure that allows part-time workers’ hours to be put into the same units as full-time workers. This publication often uses the term jobs to mean full-time equivalent employment.

UK turnover per Full-Time Equivalent employment This shows how much money an industry takes for each person in FTE employment. It therefore allows us to estimate the number of jobs supported by MOD expenditure by dividing expenditure with UK industry by turnover per FTE employment for that industry.

The estimated 239,000 FTE jobs supported by MOD expenditure is the equivalent to 1 in every 110 jobs. This figure includes both direct and indirect jobs so accounts for employment through direct supplier payments as well as jobs arising through the supply chain. The increase in total jobs in 2022/23 was primarily driven by an increase of 15,000 in indirect jobs, as a result of increased supply chain demand and MOD direct expenditure with industry.

Total MOD expenditure in 2022/23 was £25.0 billion, an increase of 8% from 2021/22. Across the same period, total business turnover increased by 19%. As the total business turnover increase outweighed MOD expenditure increase in 2022/23, MOD expenditure supported a lower share of UK jobs. This explains the decrease in direct jobs supported by MOD expenditure from 135,000 in 2021/22 to 134,000 in 2022/23.

Figure 1: Direct and Indirect Jobs Supported by MOD Expenditure with Industry by Financial Year^{[footnote 1]}

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD), ONS Input-Output Tables, ONS Supply-Use Tables and BRES employment figures

Description of Figure 1: Line graph showing number of jobs supported by Defence expenditure with UK industry over time since 2013/14. The total number of jobs reached 239,000 in 2022/23, an increase of 6% when compared to the previous financial year.

MOD expenditure with industry supported 33,600 direct jobs in the South West in 2022/23.

Figure 2: Total Number of Direct Jobs Supported by MOD Expenditure with Industry by Region 2022/23

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD)

Description of Figure 2: Heat map of the number of direct jobs supported by MOD expenditure with UK industry by region in 2022/23. The region with the highest number of direct jobs was the South West (33,600).

4. Total MOD-Supported Jobs: Industry, Civilian and Military Jobs

This section outlines the total number of jobs supported by the MOD over the years and by region, through direct and indirect expenditure with industry as well as direct public sector employment.

Total number of MOD-supported UK jobs (including direct, indirect, civilian and military jobs) in 2022/23 has increased by 13,000 to 434,000.

Figures published by the MOD show that in April 2022 the MOD employed 58,000 civilian personnel and 148,000 Service personnel, of which 54,000 civilians and 142,000 Service personnel were based in the UK. This shows that through direct expenditure, indirect expenditure, and direct public sector employment the MOD supported 445,000 jobs in 2022/23, 434,000 of which were based in the UK. This is equivalent to 1 in every 60 jobs.

Figure 3: Total MOD-Supported Jobs by Financial Year^{[footnote 1]}

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD), ONS Input-Output Tables, ONS Supply-Use Tables, BRES employment figures and Annual Location Statistics

Description of Figure 3: Line graph showing number of jobs supported by MOD through both expenditure with industry and direct public sector employment since 2013/14. The total number of UK jobs reached 434,000 in 2022/23, an increase of 3% when compared to the previous financial year.

The number of total MOD-supported jobs in 2022/23 can be further broken down by region, as shown in Figure 4. It excludes indirect jobs with industry as regional data is not available.

Figure 4: Total MOD-Supported Direct, Civilian and Military Jobs by Region 2022/23

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD), ONS Input-Output Tables, ONS Supply-Use Tables, BRES employment figures and Annual Location Statistics

Description of Figure 4: Heat map of the combined total of direct, civilian and military jobs supported by MOD by region. The region with the highest number of jobs in 2022/23 was the South West (94,000).

The South of England received 53% of MOD employment in 2022/23. This is primarily because the headquarters of all three branches of the armed forces are located in the South East (Andover, Portsmouth and High Wycombe). There are additionally a high number of civilian jobs in the South West, mainly at Bristol’s Abbey Wood site. Scotland is the region with the third highest number of MOD supported direct, civilian and military jobs.

5. Direct Jobs per 100,000 FTE Employment Supported by MOD Expenditure with UK Industry by Region

This section outlines the number of direct jobs supported by MOD expenditure with UK industry for every 100,000 people in FTE employment by region. Only direct jobs can be presented by region as the underlying data does not support this breakdown for indirect jobs.

MOD expenditure in 2022/23 supported 490 direct jobs per 100,000 FTE employment in the UK which is down from 510 jobs per 100,000 in the previous financial year.

Jobs per 100,000 FTE Employment To compare the number of jobs supported by MOD expenditure across regions we have calculated jobs supported per 100,000 people in full-time equivalent (FTE) employment in each region. This adjusts the figures for the population and employment levels of the regions.

Figure 5: Number of Direct Jobs Supported Through MOD Expenditure for Every 100,000 People in FTE Employment by Region 2022/23

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD), ONS Mid-Year Population Estimates

Description of Figure 5: Heat map of the number of direct jobs supported by MOD expenditure with UK industry in 2022/23, for every 100,000 people in FTE employment by region. The regions with the highest number of direct jobs per 100,000 FTE employment were the South West (1,550) and the South East (920).

The South West of England continues to top the direct jobs per 100,000 FTE and has done so every year since 2013/14. With 1,550 jobs per 100,000 FTE, it is their highest figure since 2019/20. The North West and the West Midlands both reached their highest level of jobs per 100,000 FTE in the last 10 years.

Direct jobs per 100,000 people in FTE employment in Yorkshire and The Humber saw a 44% increase compared to the previous year.

Figure 6: Number of Direct Jobs Supported Through MOD Expenditure for Every 100,000 People in FTE Employment by Region, 2013-2023^{[footnote 1]}

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD), ONS Mid-Year Population Estimates

Description of Figure 6: Line graph showing the number of direct jobs per 100,000 people in FTE employment supported by Defence expenditure by region since 2013/14. The highest change in the number of jobs in 2022/23 compared to the previous financial year was observed in Yorkshire and The Humber (a 44% increase).

The South West saw the largest absolute increase in direct jobs per 100,000 FTE when compared with 2021/22. Yorkshire and the Humber experienced a 44% rise from the previous year, allowing them to move off the bottom of the regional rankings for the first time since 2019/20. The South East saw a decrease of nearly 20% in the number of jobs per 100,000 FTE compared to the previous year.

6. Direct Jobs Supported by MOD Expenditure with UK Industry by Industry Group

This section outlines the number of direct jobs supported by MOD expenditure with UK industry broken down by industry group.

Direct jobs supported in the Weapons and ammunition industry increased to 8,400 in 2022/23.

Using Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes we can estimate how many direct jobs are supported in each industry group by dividing MOD expenditure in each group by turnover per FTE employment.

The Technical, Financial and Other Business Services sector continues to remain in top position with 46,800 direct jobs supported in 2022/23. Given the large difference in the number of jobs between this sector and the other sectors, only defence-specific industry groups are presented in the figure below to ensure changing trends in those groups are clearly visible.

The Weapons and Ammunition industry experienced the largest percentage increase in direct jobs supported by MOD expenditure from the previous year, rising from 3,200 in 2021/22 to 8,400 in 2022/23. This was the result of an increase of £980 million in MOD expenditure in this sector to support Ukraine in their ongoing conflict and the delivery of AJAX Specialist Vehicles to the British Army. The largest absolute increase of direct jobs was in the Shipbuilding and Repairing sector, with a growth of 6,300 compared to the previous year, and was primarily driven by an expansion to the submarine base at HMNB Devonport Dockyard.

Figure 7: Number of Direct Jobs Supported Through MOD Expenditure by Defence-Specific Industry Group, 2013-2023^{[footnote 1]}

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD), ABS turnover figures and BRES employment figures

Description of Figure 7: Line graph showing the number of direct jobs supported by Defence expenditure by industry group since 2013/14. The highest percentage change in the number of jobs in 2022/23 compared to the previous financial year was observed for the Weapons and ammunition industry.

Note: ‘Other Manufacturing’ excludes Weapons and Ammunition, Electronics, Precision Instruments, Shipbuilding and Repairing, and Aircraft and Spacecraft.

7. Indirect Jobs Supported by MOD Expenditure with UK Industry by Industry Group

This section outlines the number of indirect jobs supported by MOD expenditure with UK industry broken down by industry group.

MOD expenditure on Shipbuilding and Repairing supports the most industry-wide indirect jobs.

Using ONS Input-Output Tables, ONS Supply-Use Tables and known direct MOD expenditure against each industry, we can estimate the indirect effect of MOD expenditure in the supply chain. From the demand on goods and services arising from MOD expenditure, the number of indirect jobs supported in each industry group is estimated by dividing the demand in each group by its respective output per FTE employment.

MOD supported 105,000 indirect jobs through industry expenditure in 2022/23, an increase of 15,000 on the previous year due to greater demand in the supply chain. Indirect jobs now make up 44% of total jobs, up from 40% in 2021/22.

Industry-wide indirect jobs represent the total number of indirect jobs across all industry sectors supported by MOD expenditure in a specific sector. When viewed in terms of industry-wide indirect jobs, it is expenditure on Shipbuilding and Repairing that comes out on top for indirect employment. In 2022/23, £5.5 billion was spent in the Shipbuilding and Repairing industry which supported 35,100 direct jobs in the same industry group and a further 27,600 indirect jobs across all industry sectors. It should be clearly noted that these indirect jobs are not necessarily further jobs in the Shipbuilding and Repairing industry but rather made up of all industry components that are required to deliver end products and services in this sector.

The Technical, Financial and Other Business Services sector dominates industry-specific indirect jobs supported by MOD expenditure.

Industry-specific indirect jobs represent the total number of indirect jobs in a specific industry sector supported by MOD expenditure across all industry groups (irrespective of the direct industry group expenditure). When viewed in terms of industry-specific indirect jobs, the highest number of jobs indirectly supported through MOD expenditure in 2022/23 was in the Technical, Financial and Other Business Services sector with 39,600 jobs. Since 2013/14, it has supported over double the number of jobs than the next ranked industry group. Combined with Wholesale and Retail Trade, these two industry groups accounted for 55% of all indirect MOD supported employment in 2022/23.

It is perhaps not surprising that there are more jobs supported in services within the extended supply chain than in any other industry groups. These are likely to form part of the output from some of the more specialised industries where MOD expenditure is high such as in Shipbuilding, or Aircraft and Spacecraft manufacture.

Figure 8: Number of Indirect Jobs Supported Through MOD Expenditure by Industry Group 2022/23

Source: Analysis Directorate (MOD), ONS Input-Output Tables, ONS Supply-Use Tables and BRES employment figures

Description of Figure 8: Horizontal bar chart showing the number of indirect jobs supported by MOD expenditure with industry by industry group in descending order in 2022/23. MOD expenditure supported the highest number of industry-specific indirect jobs in the Technical, financial services and other business services industry (39,600).

Note: ‘Technical, Financial Services & Other Business Services’ includes Financial Services, Business Services, Education, Health and other Service Activities.

‘Other Manufacturing’ excludes Weapons and Ammunition, Electronics, Precision Instruments, Shipbuilding and Repairing, and Aircraft and Spacecraft.

8. Methodology

This section sets out the data requirements and processes used to create the tables and charts in this bulletin. More detailed explanations of data sources, assumptions and methodologies used in this publication can be found in the Background Quality Report.

8.1 Sources

As well as using MOD expenditure data identified by MOD’s Contracting, Purchasing and Finance (CP&F) system and information from individual MOD project teams, additional input is required from data released by the ONS.

• Supply-Use Tables (SUTs) are produced annually to show estimates of industry inputs and outputs, product supply and demand, and gross value added for the UK. SUTs for 1997 to 2021 are consistent with the UK National Accounts 2023 Blue Book.
• Input-Output Analytical Tables (IOATs) are produced semi-regularly and are derived from the SUTs. They highlight how products are used to produce further products and satisfy final demand across ONS industry codes.
• NOMIS annual data on regional employee and employment count.
• Annual UK population estimates produced by the ONS.
• Data on UK employment and turnover by MOD SIC group is produced by the ONS as a subset of the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) and Annual Business Survey (ABS).

8.2 Assumptions and Limitations

Various assumptions have had to be made throughout the process when concrete or reliable information was not available. These assumptions are listed in the Background Quality Report.

8.3 Estimating Direct Jobs Supported by MOD Expenditure

Turnover per full-time equivalent (FTE) employment for the UK is calculated by dividing turnover figures obtained from the ABS, by employment figures from the BRES. We can then divide MOD expenditure for each region and industry group by its respective industry’s turnover per FTE employment figure. This provides an estimate of how many direct jobs are supported by MOD expenditure in each region as well as in each industry group. This information is also presented as the number of direct jobs supported for every 100,000 people in FTE employment in the area, which is calculated using employment figures from the BRES and NOMIS.

8.4 Estimating Indirect Jobs Supported by MOD Expenditure

To estimate the number of indirect jobs supported in the UK by MOD expenditure, we use direct MOD expenditure with UK industry as a measure of MOD’s demand for products and services across the UK economy. By aggregating the ONS Input-Output Table from the IOATs to match the SIC groups used by MOD, we can use this table to show total UK wide demand and output (including intermediate products) arising from this initial MOD demand. Subtracting MOD final demand from this leaves just the intermediate demand (i.e. that which occurs throughout the supply chain). An estimate of UK output per FTE employment is calculated using the ONS Supply of Products Table in the SUTs and BRES employment data. The amount of UK output generated from MOD intermediate demand is then divided by output per FTE employment to determine the number of indirect jobs supported by MOD expenditure. Due to the method employed in their derivation, as well as showing the overall total, these estimates can be presented by industry group.

9. Glossary

Annual Business Survey (ABS) is the main business survey carried out by the ONS. It is used to collect financial information on a large proportion of the UK economy and includes figures such as turnover, employment costs and capital expenditure.

Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) is a survey carried out by the ONS that provides information on employee and employment estimates by location and industry.

Contracting Purchasing and Finance (CP&F) provides a single online end to end procurement system for all MOD procurement activity. All other processes, especially paper-based systems, will be either replaced or subsumed.

Direct Jobs are defined as those supported within companies receiving payments for goods and services directly from MOD.

Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Employment is a figure that allows part-time workers’ hours to be put into the same units as full-time workers.

Indirect Jobs are generated as a result of supporting and supplying goods and services to those in direct employment. It is therefore a measure of jobs that occur further down the supply chain through sub-contracting or via suppliers to the direct contractor.

Industry is defined as an economic activity concerned with the procurement and processing of raw materials into finished products.

Industry Groups are 22 groups based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 2007 guidelines maintained by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Industry groups combine SIC codes that are related to similar types of activity. A breakdown of which SIC codes belong in each industry group can be found in the accompanying data tables to this publication.

Input-Output Analytical Tables (IOATs) are produced semi-regularly by the ONS and are derived from the Supply-Use Tables. They highlight how products are used to produce further products and satisfy final demand across ONS industry codes. These tables were historically produced once every five years due to the time it takes to compile additional data requirements yet due to the increased demand for their use this has been reviewed to become more timely. At point of release, the latest detailed tables are those from 2020.

Input-Output Table (IOT) is one of the main tables from the Input-Output Analytical Tables. It shows which products go to produce other products as intermediate production.

Intermediate Demand is demand for goods and services that occurs throughout the supply chain.

International Territorial Levels (ITL) Level 1 Regions are 12 UK regions used in the production of statistics.

Leontief Inverse Matrix shows how much of each industry’s output is needed to produce a unit of a given industry’s output. It is calculated from the ONS Input-Output Analytical Tables (IOATs).

Ministry of Defence (MOD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy.

MOD Vector of Final Demand is in-year MOD expenditure for a given financial year broken down by SIC groups.

NOMIS is a service provided by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to give free public access to detailed and up-to-date UK labour market statistics from official sources. It contains readily accessible data from the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES).

Office for National Statistics (ONS) is responsible for the production of a wide range of independent economic and social statistics. The statistics are there to improve understanding of the United Kingdom’s economy and society, and for planning the proper allocation of resources, policy-making and decision-making. It is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to Parliament. ONS is the UK Government’s single largest statistical producer.

Other Government Departments (OGDs) refers to government departments outside the MOD that the MOD spends money with.

Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes classify business establishments and other statistical units by the type of economic activity in which they are engaged. The classification is maintained by the ONS.

Supply-Use Tables (SUTs) are produced annually by the ONS and show estimates of industry inputs and outputs, product supply and demand, and gross value added for the UK.

10. Further information

10.1 Symbols

Figures marked with ^p are provided as provisional estimates.

Figures marked with ^r are revised from the previous edition.

Data visualisations marked with “//” indicate there is a break in the data series. Surrounding commentary will declare the impact on the figures and whether the break in series arises from a data issue, or a change in methodology or process.

10.2 Rounding

Where rounding has been used, totals and sub-totals have been rounded separately and so may not equal the sums of their rounded parts. Total expenditure figures have been rounded to the nearest £ million, and per person expenditure figures have been rounded to the nearest £10. Total estimates for jobs supported by MOD expenditure have been rounded to the nearest 1,000, the number of jobs supported by MOD expenditure by region or industry group have been rounded to the nearest 100, and the number of jobs supported per 100,000 in FTE employment have been rounded to the nearest 10.

10.3 Revisions

Corrections to the published statistics will be made if errors are found, or if figures change as a result of improvements to methodology or changes to definitions. When making corrections, we will follow the Ministry of Defence Statistics Revisions and Corrections Policy. All corrected figures will be identified by the symbol ^r, and an explanation will be given stating the reason and size of the revision. Corrections which would have a significant impact on the utility of the statistics will be corrected as soon as possible, by reissuing the publication.

10.4 Contact Us

The Analysis Directorate welcomes feedback on our statistical products. If you have any comments or questions about this publication, or about our statistics in general, you can contact us as follows:

Analysis Directorate (Analysis-Expenditure)

Telephone: 030 015 86554

Email: Analysis-Expenditure-PQ-FOI@mod.gov.uk

If you require information which is not available within this or other available publications, you may wish to submit a Request for Information to the Ministry of Defence under the Freedom of Information Act 2000.

If you wish to correspond by mail, our postal address is:

Analysis Directorate (Analysis-Expenditure)
Ministry of Defence
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For general MOD enquiries, please call: 020 7218 9000

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1. The break in series highlighted from 2020/21 is the result of a change in the methodology used to produce the regional expenditure estimates which impacted on the number of jobs supported by this expenditure. Comparisons across financial years 2019/20 and 2020/21 should not be made but longer term comparisons across the timeseries should still be valid. More details can be found in the Background Quality Report. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴