Guidance

Mpox: affected countries

This page provides an overview of mpox epidemiology, indicating where there may be a risk of clade I and clade II mpox exposure.

Global overview

There are 2 major genetic groups (clades) of the mpox virus (MPXV), clade I (formerly known as Central African or Congo basin clade) and clade II (formerly known as West African clade). Clade I is split into clade Ia and clade Ib. Clade II is split into clade IIa and clade IIb, and all clades have subgroup clusters called lineages. The majority of the cases seen in the global outbreak which started in 2022 were from clade IIb, lineage B.1. The latest epidemiological data on mpox (all clades) can be found on the World Health Organization (WHO) mpox surveillance dashboard.

Figure 1. Geographic distribution of MPXV clades, by country, as reported on 28 July 2025

Adapted from the World Health Organization multi-country external situation report.

The map is not indicative of ongoing outbreaks and is generated from available laboratory data associated with both travel-associated and locally acquired cases.

Table 1. Countries reporting the highest number of recent mpox cases (all clades)

Country Cases in the past month Total confirmed cases Clades reported
Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,895 27,449 Clades Ia and Ib
Sierra Leone 1,341 4,481 Clade II
Uganda 595 7,231 Clade Ib
China 108 3,295 Clade Ia, Ib and II
Burundi 85 4,055 Clade Ib
Ghana 77 288 Clade II
Liberia 60 237 Clade II
Kenya 60 197 Clade Ib
Germany 59 4,437 Clades Ib (travel-associated only) and II
Zambia 56 138 Clade Ib

Adapted from WHO Global mpox trends section 5.2.

Dashboard updated July 2025 with data up to 30 June 2025.

Clade I mpox outbreak: 2024 to 2025

On 14 August 2024, the WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in response to the upsurge of clade I mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a growing number of countries in the African Region. This outbreak remains ongoing, with evidence of sustained community transmission in several countries, as per Table 2.

Travel-associated clade I mpox cases outside the African Region have been reported in several countries. Whilst there is currently no evidence of sustained community transmission of clade I mpox outside of African Region countries, limited local transmission (for example, household transmission) has been reported in Australia, Belgium, China, France, Germany and the United Kingdom.

Figure 2. African region countries reporting laboratory confirmed clade I mpox (historic or current)

Mpox of an unknown clade has been reported in Gabon but is presumed to be clade I (due to case travel history).

Table 2. Countries with evidence of ongoing clade I mpox transmission or exportation during the 2024 to 2025 outbreak

Country Evidence of transmission Clade
Burundi Community transmission Ib
Central African Republic Community transmission Ia
China Unclear Ib
Democratic Republic of the Congo Community transmission Ia and Ib
Ethiopia Community transmission I
Kenya Community transmission Ib
Malawi Community transmission Ib
Mozambique Community transmission Ib
Oman Unclear (evidence of exported cases) Ib
Republic of the Congo Community transmission Ia and Ib
Rwanda Community transmission Ib
South Sudan Community transmission Ib
Tanzania Community transmission Ib
Thailand Unclear (evidence of exported cases) Ib
Uganda Community transmission Ib
United Arab Emirates Unclear (evidence of exported cases) Ib
Zambia Community transmission Ib

Updates to this page

Published 14 October 2024
Last updated 30 July 2025 show all updates
  1. Updated based on latest WHO data

  2. Figure 1 and Table 2 updated based on the latest WHO emergency situation report #55.

  3. Updated Figure 1, updated Table 1 and Table 2 with latest data.

  4. Updated affected countries data. Added Ethiopia.

  5. Updated the case numbers and figure 1.

  6. Updated Figure 1 and Figure 2, addition of Malawi to country list.

  7. Update on Mpox global distributions image and an update to table of countries mpox cases.

  8. Updated Table 1 and Africa map.

  9. Updated to include clade II mpox and world map of mpox clade distribution.

  10. Added entries for Brazil and Qatar.

  11. Updated to reflect new cases since 14 February.

  12. Updated Zambia status.

  13. Added Republic of Ireland and a few other minor changes.

  14. Updated the list of affected countries.

  15. Tanzania added to Table 1. Updates added for travel-associated cases in Germany (URL also updated) and the UK.

  16. Belgium has been updated to reflect one new case reported in a household contact of their first imported case.

  17. Updated to include information for Belgium, China and France.

  18. Updated information for Gabon and added information for United Arab Emirates.

  19. Updated links and added Oman & Pakistan to list.

  20. Updated guidance.

  21. Updated information for imported clade I mpox cases in countries outside of the African region.

  22. First published.

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