Official Statistics

Total Income from Farming in the regions of England in 2024

Updated 25 September 2025

Applies to England

This publication contains the summary of the farm accounts in the regions of England for 2024 and addresses trends for the ITL1 regions. More detailed data sets have been published alongside this release, with breakdowns at ITL1, ITL2 and ITL3 level. Please note for this publication we are using ITL (2021) boundaries. More information about ITLs (International Territorial Levels) can be found here.

This publication is primarily intended to provide a comparison of the England regions only. Definitive TIFF values for England should be taken from Total income from farming in England. All TIFF values presented in this release are in current prices (i.e. not adjusted for inflation). This is considered to be the most intuitive way to present year-on-year comparisons.

Total Income from Farming (TIFF) is the income to those who own businesses within the agricultural industry. It is the total profit from all UK farming businesses on a calendar year basis. It measures the return to all entrepreneurs for their management, inputs, labour and capital invested. The term ‘income’ used throughout this notice refers to TIFF.

Section 1: Key messages

• TIFF in England in 2024 increased in all 8 ITL1 regions, with an average increase of 26.6%.

• The two largest contributors to England TIFF in 2024, at ITL1 level, were the South West (19.8%) and the East of England (16.5%).

• The two ITL1 regions with the lowest contribution to TIFF in England in 2024 were the North East (3.8%) and the North West (9.3%).

Figure 1.1: TIFF in the latest 2 years in each ITL1 region of England (£ million)

ITL1 region name	2023	2024
South West	802	1055
East of England	850	881
East Midlands	710	789
West Midlands	556	725
London and the South East	530	605
Yorkshire and The Humber	449	582
North West	303	496
North East	159	204

Notes:

1. The ITL1 regions for Greater London and the South East have been combined due to limited agricultural activity in Greater London.

• The highest TIFF in the ITL1 regions in 2024 was from the South West, which contributed £1,055 million. TIFF in the South West increased by £253 million (+31.6%) from 2023, the largest value increase in the ITL1 regions in 2024.

• The lowest TIFF in the ITL1 regions in 2024 was from the North East, contributing £204 million, an increase of £45 million (+28.4%) from 2023.

• The largest percentage change in TIFF was from the North West, which increased by 63.6% from 2023 to £496 million in 2024. The lowest percentage change in TIFF in 2024 was from the East of England, which increased by 3.7% to £881 million.

Figure 1.2: TIFF per hectare of agricultural land in the latest 2 years in each ITL1 region of England (£/ha)

ITL1 region name	2023	2024
West Midlands	596	778
East Midlands	590	656
East of England	608	631
South West	448	589
London and the South East	465	531
North West	322	527
Yorkshire and The Humber	403	522
North East	263	338

Notes:

1. Data for hectares of agricultural land is taken from June Survey H10 “Total area on agricultural holdings” (Total croppable area + total permanent grassland + other land on agricultural holdings).

• The highest TIFF per hectare in England in 2024 was in the West Midlands, which had a TIFF per hectare of £778. This is an increase of £182 per hectare (+30.5%) from 2023.

• The biggest differences between absolute TIFF and TIFF per hectare were for the South West and the West Midlands. The South West had the highest TIFF of any of the ITL1 regions of England but had only the 4th highest TIFF per hectare. Conversely, the West Midlands had the highest TIFF per hectare but only the 4th highest absolute TIFF value in 2024.

Section 2: Outputs and subsidies

Below is a summary of the key points regarding outputs and subsidies at ITL1 level. Any comparison made here between current and past years is made using current prices data as this is widely considered to be the most intuitive and helpful for year on year change.

2.1 Overview

Figure 2.1 Outputs and subsidies from each ITL1 region of England in 2024 split by percentage

Notes:

1. To improve clarity, the item ‘Inseparable non-agricultural activities’ has been renamed ‘Diversification’.

Figure 2.1 shows the percentage breakdown of the outputs from the agricultural industry between crops, livestock, subsidies less tax, other agricultural activities and diversification. Total livestock output was the largest output in 5 of the 8 ITL1 regions: North East, North West, Yorkshire and the Humber, West Midlands and South West. Total crop output was the largest output in the other 3 ITL1 regions: East of England, East Midlands and London and the South East. Subsidies less tax made up between 5.6% (West Midlands) and 12.9% (North East) of total outputs for the ITL1 regions.

2.2 Crops

Figure 2.2 Top 3 ITL1 regions in England for total crop output from 2019 to 2024 (£ million)

Year	East of England	East Midlands	South West
2019	2,100	1,679	1,242
2020	1,796	1,450	1,133
2021	2,312	1,865	1,372
2022	2,842	2,232	1,580
2023	2,602	2,033	1,471
2024	2,445	1,898	1,388

• The East of England has had the largest total crop output value of the England ITL1 regions for the past 6 years. In 2024 it had a total crop output of £2,445 million, a decrease of £158 million (-6.1%) from 2023. The East of England is the ITL1 region with the highest number of cereal farms, with 3,891 holdings at June 2024 and a total cereal area of 671,382 hectares.

• The East Midlands has, for the past 6 years, had the second highest crop output value of the ITL1 regions of England. In 2024 it had a total crop output of £1,898 million, a decrease of £134 million (-6.6%) from 2023.

• In 2024 all 8 ITL1 regions experienced reductions in total crop output, decreasing by 6.1% on average. This was driven by wet weather conditions across England in key planting periods, which led to poor cereal yields and variable quality, particularly for winter sown crops.

• The 3 regions shown in the table (the East of England, the East Midlands and the South West) have together contributed, on average, 57.9% of the total crop output value in England in the past 6 years.

2.3 Livestock

Figure 2.3 Top 3 ITL1 regions in England for total livestock output from 2019 to 2024 (£ million)

Year	South West	North West	West Midlands
2019	2,364	1,375	1,282
2020	2,411	1,397	1,321
2021	2,611	1,519	1,432
2022	3,154	1,856	1,653
2023	3,073	1,777	1,657
2024	3,249	1,895	1,759

• The South West has had the largest total livestock output value of the England ITL1 regions for the past 6 years. In 2024 it had a total livestock output of £3,249 million, an increase of £175 million (+5.7%) from 2023. This increase was mainly driven by a £75 million (+13.6%) increase in the value of beef, following a 4.4% increase in deadweight prime cattle prices in 2024. The South West is home to a third of England’s cattle population, with a total herd size of 1.58 million at June 2024.

• The North West has, for the past 6 years, had the second highest livestock output value of the ITL1 regions of England, with a livestock output of £1,895 million in 2024, an increase of £118 million (+6.6%) from 2023. As the English region with the largest sheep population, a substantial proportion of this increase was from a £40 million (+25.0%) increase in the value of mutton and lamb in the North West, following historically high finished sheep prices in 2024.

• The 3 regions shown in the table (the South West, the North West and the West Midlands) have together contributed, on average, 53.7% of the total livestock output value in England in the past 6 years.

2.4 Other outputs and subsidies

Other outputs and subsidies includes all non-agricultural activities (diversified outcome i.e. rental of holiday cottages on farm), secondary activities (e.g.contract work to provide a combine for other farmers) and subsidies (payments received to subsidise farms generally or on specific products).

Figure 2.4 Other outputs and subsidies from each of the ITL1 regions of England in 2023 and 2024 (£ million)

ITL1 Name	2023	2024
South West	858	902
East of England	742	777
East Midlands	615	645
London and the South East	545	573
Yorkshire and The Humber	514	541
West Midlands	484	508
North West	393	414
North East	211	225

The South West had the highest other outputs and subsidies value of the ITL1 regions of England at £902 million, a £44 million (+5.1%) increase from 2023. The East of England had the second highest at £777 million, a £36 million (+4.8%) increase from 2023. On average the value of other outputs and subsidies across all 8 ITL1 regions increased by £28 million (+5.3%), with all regions showing an increase in value between 2023 and 2024.

Section 3: Inputs and costs

3.1 Overview

Figure 3.1 Inputs and costs from each ITL1 region of England in 2024 split by percentage

Figure 3.1 shows the percentage breakdown of the costs from the agricultural industry in 2024. Intermediate consumption was the largest cost across all of the England ITL1 regions, followed by total fixed capital consumption, compensation of employees, then rent and other costs. Intermediate consumption made up between 66.9% (North East) and 71.0% (Yorkshire and the Humber) of total costs, and compensation of employees made up between 7.8% (North East) and 11.7% (London and the South East) in the ITL1 regions of England.

For all 8 ITL1 regions, animal feed was the highest value item in intermediate consumption, with the South West having the largest expenditure at £1,145 million. The item with the second highest value across all regions was other goods and services, which includes bills, insurance costs and hire of specialist contractors. In 2024, the East of England had the highest fertiliser cost at £312 million, followed by the East Midlands at £231 million. These two regions combined make up 45% of available arable land in England.

Section 4: Individual Region Breakdowns

More detailed breakdowns for each ITL1 region in 2024 will be published with the 2024 update of Agricultural facts: England regional profiles in October 2025.

Previous breakdowns at the ITL1 regions can be found on the Historical statistics notices on Agriculture in the English regions page.

Section 5: About these statistics

5.1 Contact details

Responsible statistician: Alexandra Hall

Public enquiries: farmaccounts@defra.gov.uk

For media queries between 9am and 6pm on weekdays:

Telephone: 0330 041 6560

newsdesk@defra.gov.uk (monitored 9am to 6pm on weekdays)

5.2 Methodology

TIFF refers to income generated by production within the agricultural industry, including subsidies. TIFF represents business profits and remuneration for work done by owners and other unpaid workers. It excludes changes in the values of assets and stocks due to price changes, but includes non-agricultural activities such as further processing or tourist activities where these cannot be separated from the agricultural business. TIFF is the preferred measure of aggregate income for the agricultural industry, conforming to internationally agreed national accounting principles required by the UK National Accounts.

The regional accounts for England are constructed by apportioning each account item value (£) for England to the 133 ITL3 territories (County/unitary authorities) using coefficients derived from the Farm Business Survey (FBS) and June Survey of Agriculture and Horticulture (‘June Survey’) data. The FBS records detailed annual account data from a relatively small panel of farms whereas the June Survey records a snapshot of crop areas and livestock numbers as at June 1st each year. ITL1 (regional) and ITL2 estimates are then derived through aggregation of ITL3 account values. Latest account information for England can be found at England: Total Income from Farming statistics.

The England level estimates used as a starting point for the estimates in this release were published by Defra on 31 July 2025..

5.3 Revisions

Revisions are intended to increase the precision of the estimates and are routinely the result of more data becoming available over time. Sometimes additional revisions are necessary to refine the methodology or correct historical errors.

TIFF is the relatively small difference between two large numbers and is therefore sensitive to small percentage changes in the values of Outputs and Intermediate Consumption. A combination of a revision downwards in Output and revision upwards in Intermediate Consumption leads to more sizeable revisions in percentage terms to GVA and TIFF.

The estimate for TIFF in England in 2024, published in July 2025, has been revised. Please see TIFF in England in 2024 release for further details.

Further information regarding revisions can be found on the webpage for Defra’s policy statement on revisions and correction.

5.4 Official Statistics

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to. You can read about how Official Statistics in Defra comply with these standards on the Defra Statistics website.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards using the contact details above. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

5.5 Quality assurance

DEFRA has in place quality assurance processes to check the accuracy and reliability of the aggregate agricultural accounts that include:

• Ongoing review of methods employed in the calculation of the accounts.

• Assessment of the quality of the estimates of the accounts with experts within DEFRA.

• Discussion of the accounts with external experts.

5.6 Development areas

DEFRA statisticians carry out a continuous review of methods employed in making estimates of the production and income accounts. This may lead to revisions to data series owing to improvements in methods, in addition to the use of more up-to-date information.

5.7 Main users and uses of these statistics

The aggregate agricultural accounts are used both within government and by the wider agricultural industry in conjunction with other economic information to:

• Monitor the productivity and competitiveness of the farming industry.

• Inform policy decisions and to help monitor and evaluate current policies relating to agriculture in the UK by Government.

• Inform stakeholders of the performance of the agricultural industry.

• Inform research into the economic performance of the agricultural industry.

5.8 User engagement

As part of our ongoing commitment to compliance with the Code of Practice for Official Statistics we wish to strengthen our engagement with users of TIFF in the regions of England data and better understand how data from this release is used. Consequently, we invite you to register as a user of the TIFF in the regions of England data, so that we can retain your details and inform you of any new releases and provide you with the opportunity to take part in any user engagement activities that we may run.

5.9 Future publications

These estimates for 2024 will be subject to minor (unless otherwise specified) revisions in future publications of TIFF in the regions of England where the availability of additional data and revised data will be incorporated to improve the accuracy of the estimates.

To find out the latest information on when UK government statistics will be released, please visit the statistics release calendar.

5.10 Other publications relevant to this release

A number of publications released by DEFRA, are relevant to this release. Below is a list of the key publications and links to them on GOV.UK

• Total Income from Farming in the UK

• Total Income from Farming in England

• Farm Business Survey: Farm Business Income