Accredited official statistics

Statistical bulletin - Civil Service Statistics: 2025

Published 30 July 2025

Statistical Enquiries: Toni Clarke

Press Enquiries: Alex Hunt

Next Publication: July 2026

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1. Overview

This Accredited Official Statistics release presents headline statistics on the UK Civil Service workforce, including breakdowns by demographic characteristics, earnings, grade, and location of civil servants, as at 31 March 2025.

Key Statistics:

Civil Service Statistics 2025 shows that employment stands at 549,660 headcount and 516,150 on a full-time equivalent basis (FTE), as at 31 March 2025 (NB: see section 2 below for more information on our headline measure for monitoring the changing size of the Civil Service workforce). The key headlines show that:

• 54.6% are women, up slightly from 54.5% in 2024.

• 18.0% are from an ethnic minority background, up from 16.6% in 2024.

• 17.9% declare themselves as having a disability, up from 16.9% in 2024.

• 7.2% identify as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or recorded their sexual orientation as ‘other’ (LGBO), up from 6.9% in 2024.

• 75.0% are working at Executive Officer (EO) grade and above, up from 73.8% in 2024 and 60.1% in 2015.

• The median age is 44 years, unchanged from 2024.

• Headcount has increased across all regions except for East England, with the largest increase in North West England (72,800, up from 70,900 in 2024).

• The median salary is £35,680, up £1,700 (5.0%) from £33,980 in 2024.

• The median and mean gender pay gap for the Civil Service is 6.4% and 6.9%, down from 8.5% and 7.4% in 2024 respectively.

• There were 44,310 entrants to the Civil Service in 2024/25, down from 63,330 in 2023/24.

• In 2024/25, 38,610 people left the Civil Service, down from 39,585 in 2023/24.

Figure 1.1: Representation of ethnic minority, disabled and LGBO civil servants, 2015 to 2025 (see table E1)

2. Civil Service Headcount

Civil Service headcount stands at 549,660 as at 31 March 2025. On a full-time equivalent (FTE) basis, Civil Service employment is 516,150. FTE takes into account part-time workers.

Statistical Note

At the time of release, the latest statistics from the ONS Quarterly Public Sector Employment Survey (QPSES) are also as at 31 March 2025, and show Civil Service employment was 550,130 (516,455 on an FTE basis). Users should refer to the regular ONS quarterly statistics when monitoring changes in the size of the Civil Service.

Figure 2.1: Civil Service departmental headcount (see table 11)

The five largest departments (Department for Work and Pensions, Ministry of Justice, HM Revenue and Customs, Ministry of Defence and Home Office) account for over two-thirds (67.7%) of the workforce.

3. Grade

The Civil Service is becoming more senior in grade.

The percentage of civil servants working at grades EO and above is now 75.0% up from 73.8% in 2024 and 60.1% in 2015.

The percentage of civil servants working at the most junior grades (Administrative Assistant/Administrative Officer) is 25.0%, and has fallen each year since 2015 when it stood at 39.9%.

The percentage of civil servants working in grades 6 and 7 has increased to 16.2%, up from 15.6% in 2024 and 9.3% in 2015.

Figure 3.1: Civil Service grade structure, 2015 to 2025 (see tables 1 and E2)

Civil Service grades:

• Senior Civil Service level (SCS level)

• Grade 6 and 7 (G6/G7)

• Higher Executive Officer/Senior Executive Officer (HEO/SEO)

• Executive Officer (EO)

• Administrative Assistant/Administrative Officer (AA/AO)

Departments with large numbers of front-line staff delivering public services tend to have a higher proportion of junior grades. For example, the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) has the highest percentage of staff at EO grade and below (76.4%).

Departments with more senior grades tend to have fewer employees delivering services directly to the public. For example, DESNZ has the highest percentage of employees at grades HEO/SEO and above (95.1%).

Figure 3.2: Grade structure by department (see table 20)

Statistical Note

There are two measures of the SCS available: the Senior Civil Service and SCS level. See Notes section.

4. Location

Civil servants work in all regions of the UK, and Overseas.

One in five civil servants are based in London (19.6%), down slightly from 19.7% in 2024.

The regions with the largest number of civil servants are London (107,105), the North West of England (72,800), and Scotland (56,675).

Excluding Northern Ireland and Overseas, East England has the fewest civil servants (23,210).

Figure 4.1: Civil Service headcount by region (see table 10)

Most Civil Service departments have a presence in London. Four in five civil servants in the North West are working for DWP, HMRC, MOJ and the Home Office. Just over three quarters of civil servants in the North East are working for HMRC, DWP and MOJ.

Departments with large numbers of staff in Wales include DFT, DWP, Welsh Government, MOJ, HMRC, UKSA and DBT.  There are home civil servants working in Northern Ireland – the majority for HMRC, Home Office and MOD. The departments employing the most civil servants in Scotland are Scottish Government, DWP, HMRC and MOD.

The majority of civil servants based Overseas work for FCDO and MOD.

Civil Service employment increased in all regions apart from Overseas and East England between 2024 and 2025.

The overall proportion of civil servants based in London has decreased for the fourth consecutive year, to 19.6% in 2025 from 19.7% in 2024 and from 21.2% in 2021.

The regions with the largest percentage increases in headcount are East Midlands and Northern Ireland (both +3.1%), North West and Scotland (both +2.7%), West Midlands (+2.4%) and Wales (+2.3%). The regions that have seen the largest increase in headcount are the North West (+1,900), Scotland (+1,470), Wales (+915) and West Midlands (+905).

Figure 4.2: Percentage change in Civil Service regional headcount, 2024 to 2025 (see table 10)

Outside of London, 28.5% of civil servants are in AA/AO grades, compared to 10.8% within London. The percentage of those in G6/G7 and SCS level grades outside of London is 13.5%, compared to 34.7% within London.

Some professions are predominantly London-based; 88.3% of those in the Actuarial profession, 63.5% in Economics, 54.1% in Policy, and 46.9% in Operational Research. Other professions tend to be more evenly distributed across the regions. (see table 38).

Figure 4.3: Percentage of civil servants at each grade within London, and outside of London (see table 16)

Statistical Note

Workplace postcode data is used to derive geographical information (International Territorial Level) from the National Statistics Postcode Lookup (NSPL).

5. Sex

There are more women (300,345) than men (249,285) in the Civil Service; however, men outnumber women at SCS level. The percentage of women in senior grades is, however, increasing: in 2025 49.2% of those at SCS level are women compared to 48.2% in 2024 and 38.9% in 2015. Similarly, 50.2% of G6/G7 are women in 2025, compared to 49.8% in 2024 and 43.8% in 2015.

Figure 5.1: Civil servants by sex (see table 1)

Figure 5.2: Percentage of civil servants at each grade by sex (see table 1)

Figure 5.3: Percentage of women by grade, 2015 to 2025 (see table E4)

Statistical Note

The Annual Civil Service Employment Survey (ACSES) collects data on sex, not gender identity.

6. Age

The median age of civil servants is 44 years, unchanged from 2024 and down from 47 in 2015.

The percentage of civil servants aged under 40 is 40.3%, up from 40.0% in 2024 and 30.5% in 2015.

Figure 6.1: Civil servants by age band, 2015 to 2025 (see tables 4 and E5)

Those at the younger and older ends of the age distribution are more likely to be at AA/AO grades.

Figure 6.2: Percentage of civil servants at each grade by age band (see table 4)

7. Ethnicity

Of those with a known ethnicity, the percentage who are from an ethnic minority background is at a record high of 18.0%. This is an increase from 16.6% in 2024 and 10.6% in 2015.

The proportion of civil servants from an ethnic minority background has increased across all grades except for SCS level compared to 2024.

The largest increase has been at EO; up to 21.8% in 2025 from 19.6% in 2024, and 12.2% in 2015.

Civil servants from an ethnic minority background are less represented at senior grades than in junior grades, with those at SCS level having the lowest representation rate at 10.5%, which is slightly down from 10.6% in 2024 and up from 6.6% in 2015.

The Civil Service has a slightly lower proportion of workers from an ethnic minority background than the economically working age population in the UK (18.6%).

Figure 7.1: Percentage of civil servants from an ethnic minority background by grade, 2015 to 2025 (see tables 2 and E6)

On a headcount basis, Asian civil servants (43,010) make up the largest ethnic minority group in the Civil Service, followed by Black civil servants (23,335).

Figure 7.2: Civil servants by ethnic group (see table 2)

Statistical Note

Percentages exclude those with an unknown ethnicity and those who have elected to not declare their ethnicity. The working age population figure includes only those who are economically active. See the Notes section for more information.

8. Disability

Since 2015 there have been year-on-year increases in the percentage of civil servants who declare themselves as disabled. This figure now stands at 17.9%, a record high, up from 16.9% in 2024, and 8.9% in 2015.

The proportion of civil servants with a declared disability has increased across all grades compared to 2024.

The largest increase has been at HEO/SEO level; up to 16.7% in 2025 from 15.5% in 2024, and 8.4% in 2015.

The percentage of civil servants declaring themselves as disabled is the same as the economically active working age population (17.9%).

Figure 8.1: Percentage of civil servants that have declared a disability by grade, 2015 to 2025 (see table E7)

Figure 8.2: Civil servants by disability status (see table 3)

Statistical Note

Percentages exclude those with an unknown disability status and those that have elected to not declare themselves as either disabled or non-disabled. The working age population figure includes only those who are economically active. See Notes section for more information.

9. Sexual Orientation

Of those with a known sexual orientation, 7.2% of civil servants identify as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or recorded their sexual orientation as ‘other’ (LGBO). This has increased every year since data on sexual orientation has been captured in these statistics, and is up from 6.9% in 2024 and 3.7% in 2015.

LGBO representation has increased at all grades over the last year. The grades with the highest percentage of LGBO civil servants are HEO/SEO and G6/7 (both 7.4%).

Declaration rates for sexual orientation have increased from 38.1% in 2015 (when it was first collected), to 74.1% in 2025.

Figure 9.1: Percentage of civil servants that identify as LGBO by grade, 2015 to 2025 (see table E8)

Figure 9.2: Civil servants by sexual orientation (see table A2)

Statistical Note

Percentages exclude those with an unknown sexual orientation and those that have elected to not declare their sexual orientation. Reporting rates refers to those who have declared, and therefore excludes ‘Undeclared’.

10. Religion and Belief

The declaration rate for religion and belief has increased this year to 73.3%, up from 71.7% in 2024.

The most commonly reported religion or belief is Christianity at 41.8%. The second most commonly reported is Islam (Muslim) at 6.1%. A further 44.6% of civil servants reported having no religion or belief.

Figure 10.1: Civil servants by religion, belief, or non-belief (see table A4)

Figure 10.2: Percentage of civil servants by religion, belief, or non-belief (see table A4)

Statistical Note

The percentages stated here exclude those with an unknown religion or belief and those that have elected to not declare their religion or belief. Reporting rates refers to those who have declared, and therefore excludes ‘Undeclared’

11. Pay

The median salary in the Civil Service rose to £35,680 in 2025 from £33,980 in 2024, an increase of £1,700 (5.0%).

The mean and median salaries (on a full-time equivalent basis) are higher for full-time staff compared to part-time staff.

Figure 11.1: Median and mean salary of full-time, part-time, and all civil servants, 2015 to 2025 (see table E9)

The median salary varies by grade, from £26,640 in the administrative grades to £92,540 at SCS level.

The median salary increased across all grades, ranging from 4.0% at SCS level to 8.8% at AA/AO level.

Figure 11.2: Median salary by grade (see table 25)

Women have a median salary of £34,580, compared to £37,210 for men. Women have a mean salary of £39,560 compared to £42,080 for men. Salary differences between the sexes are partly explained by their relative representations across the grades.

Figures represent the average across all staff, and may not be representative of changes affecting individuals or their salaries.

Figure 11.3: Mean and median salary by sex (see tables 7 and 24)

Statistical Notes

The differences in pay shown above do not represent the official measure of the ‘Gender Pay Gap’ (these are shown in the ‘Gender Pay Gap’ section). Government departments separately publish their gender pay gap data on the Government Equalities Office (GEO) portal each year to comply with the legal requirements.

It is important to note that these figures are not adjusted for inflation. All salaries are on a full-time equivalent basis, i.e. the salary that part-time staff would earn if they worked full-time at the same hourly rate.

12. Working Pattern

Almost one in five (19.4%) of civil servants work part-time. This is up slightly from 19.1% in 2024 and from a peak of around one in four (25.5%) in 2015.

The percentage of civil servants working part-time is lower in senior grades, decreasing from 27.1% of those in the AA/AO grades, to 12.0% at SCS level.

Figure 12.1: Percentage of civil servants working part-time by grade, 2015 to 2024 (see table E10)

HM Land Registry has the highest percentage of employees working part-time (34.0%).

Figure 12.2: Percentage of civil servants working part-time by department (see table 37)

Women are more likely to work part-time than men at all age bands.

Overall, older age groups have a higher percentage of both men and women working part-time.

There is a marked increase in women working part-time from age bands 30-39 and above. At the age bands 60-64 and above, both men and women see a large increase in the percentage working part-time.

Figure 12.3: Percentage of civil servants working part-time by sex and age band (see table 35)

The number of civil servants working full-time is 442,770; an increase from 438,965 (+0.9%) in 2024.

The part-time headcount has shown a larger percentage change, increasing to 106,890 from 103,875 (+2.9%) across the same period.

Figure 12.4: Working patterns of civil servants, 2015 to 2025 (see table E11)

13. Gender Pay Gap

The median gender pay gap for the Civil Service reduced from 8.5% in 2024 to 6.4% in 2025. The mean gender pay gap for the Civil Service also reduced, from 7.4% in 2024 to 6.9% in 2025. These are the lowest reported gaps for both measures since overall Civil Service reporting began in 2020.

Figure 13.1: Earnings gender pay gap, 2020 to 2025 (see table C and E12)

The median bonus gender pay gap for the Civil Service showed a reduction from 22.4% in 2024 to 14.3% in 2025, whilst the mean bonus gender pay gap reduced from 25.7% to 22.5% across the same period.

Figure 13.2: Bonus gender pay gap, 2020 to 2025 (see table C and E12)

In line with last year, a higher proportion of women received a bonus compared to men (72.6% and 67.3% respectively).

Figure 13.3: Percentage of men and women receiving a bonus, 2020 to 2025 (see table C and E12)

Women are under-represented in the highest pay quartile (48.1% women compared to 51.9% men) and over-represented in the lowest pay quartile (61.1% women compared to 38.9% men).

Figure 13.4: Percentage of men and women in each pay quartile (see table C and E12)

Statistical Notes

Figures are calculated using a methodology fully aligned to the Government Equalities Office (GEO) statutory reporting requirements. Earnings pay gap calculations are based on employees receiving their normal pay on 31 March 2025. Bonus calculations also include employees who received a bonus but who were on reduced pay or unpaid leave on 31 March 2025.

14. Profession

The majority of civil servants (56.8%) work in the Operational Delivery profession. Operational Delivery staff provide frontline government services directly to citizens or businesses, including paying benefits and pensions, providing employment services, staffing prisons, and issuing driving licences.

The next largest profession is Policy (6.9%), followed by Digital and Data (5.2%), Project Delivery (3.9%) and Science and Engineering and Tax (both 2.9%).

The reporting rate for professions data is 97.4%, up from 94.4% in 2024.

Figure 14.1: Percentage and headcount of civil servants working within each profession (see table 8)

The professions with the highest median salary are Actuary (£88,750), Education and Training Inspectors (£72,150) and Planning Inspectors (£65,110).

Those with the lowest median salary are Operational Delivery (£30,980) and Counter Fraud (£31,210).

The Operational Delivery profession accounts for a large proportion of the Civil Service; therefore the overall median will be heavily influenced by the salaries in this profession.

Figure 14.2: Lower quartile, median, and upper quartile of salary by profession (see table 36)

15. Function

The majority of civil servants (67.3%) do not work in a function.

The largest function is Digital & Data (5.7%), followed by Project Delivery (4.8%), then Counter Fraud (3.4%).

The response rate for function information has increased slightly from 91.0% in 2024 to 91.2% in 2025.

Figure 15.1: Headcount and percentage of civil servants working within each function (see table D1)

The functions with the highest median salary are: Legal (£57,030), Internal Audit (£50,820), Analysis (£46,790) and Commercial (£46,730). Those with the lowest median salary are Debt (£26,640) and Grants Management (£28,800).

Figure 15.2: Lower quartile, median and upper quartile of salary by function (see table D3)

Statistical Note

Welsh Government and Scottish Government either did not supply any, or provided very limited information on functions.

16. Entrants and Leavers

The number of new entrants this year decreased to 44,310 from 63,330 in 2023/24.

Over the year, 38,610 people left the Civil Service, down from 39,585 in 2023/24.

Figure 16.1: Civil Service entrants and leavers, 2014/15 to 2024/25 (see table E13)

The most common reason for leaving the Civil Service was resignation, accounting for over half (19,420) of leavers. The next most common reason was retirement (10,915).

Figure 16.2: Civil Service leavers by leaving cause (see table 33)

The turnover rate in the Civil Service fell to 7.1% from 7.5% in 2023/24. The resignation rate fell to 3.6% from 4.2% in 2023/24.

Figure 16.3: Civil Service turnover rates, 2014/15 to 2024/25 (see table E14)

Statistical Notes

Entrant and leaver numbers are calculated from entry and leaving dates provided as part of the ACSES data collection. The difference between them does not align precisely with the year-on-year difference between in-post headcounts. For example, there are people who left and rejoined the Civil Service more than once during a year, and people whose last day falls on the reference date (31 March) - these are counted as both leavers and in-post.

Turnover rate includes all moves out of the Civil Service over each year to 31 March.

Full details for turnover calculations are available here.

17. Notes

See the quality and methodology information document for further detail

How the output is created

The statistics in this release are derived from returns completed as part of the Annual Civil Service Employment Survey (ACSES). Its scope covers all Civil Service organisations, including all major Departments. ACSES requests from organisations an individual-level record of all their Civil Service employees ‘in post’ as at the reference date, along with records for leavers and entrants from/to the Civil Service in the preceding 12 months. ACSES collects information via a standard Excel template that includes data fields on pay, contractual hours, grade and location. It also includes personal characteristics, such as age, sex, religion, and sexual orientation. The data collected are anonymous in that no employee names are requested. The data, however, is considered and handled as ‘personal data’ because in certain circumstances individuals may be identifiable. Where departmental figures are quoted these will include the main department and their executive agencies and crown non-departmental public bodies. For Gender Pay Gap, however, different aggregations may apply – see relevant data table. Given the varied nature of the HR/pay systems used by departments, caution should be exercised in comparing statistics across departments.

Further information

The Civil Service Statistics data tables, and the quality and methodology information document are published on gov.uk.

Data up to 2018 are also made available via NOMIS, which is a service provided by the ONS to give users free access to a range of UK labour market statistics from official sources. There may be small differences in NOMIS figures and ACSES time-series data within this online bulletin resulting from ensuring consistency of methodology between this year and previous years.

External Sources

UK Workforce comparison figures for disability and ethnicity use the ONS Labour Force Survey data (May 2025) for those economically active aged 16-64 as of Jan-Mar each year.

Technical notes

Organisations within the Civil Service have different grading systems. These have been mapped to common responsibility levels in the statistics presented in this bulletin.

There are two measures of the SCS available: the Senior Civil Service and SCS level. ACSES measures SCS level employees that includes a number of health professionals, military personnel, and senior diplomats that are not part of the Senior Civil Service. The Civil Service Statistics release, therefore, does not contain the official headline figures used for monitoring diversity, pay and other key measures of the Senior Civil Service. These are monitored using the Cabinet Office SCS Database that collects more frequent and comprehensive information on those individuals that make up the Senior Civil Service.

18. About

Civil Service Statistics is an annual Accredited Official Statistics release describing the UK Civil Service workforce in terms of its size, demographic characteristics, salaries, working pattern, grade, and location. The data is drawn from the Annual Civil Service Employment Survey (ACSES).

The Civil Service helps the government of the day develop and implement its policies as effectively as possible. It provides services directly to the public, including paying benefits and pensions; running employment services; running prisons and issuing driving licences. Civil servants also work on policy development and implementation, including analysts, project managers, lawyers and economists.

Organisations that make up the Civil Service include central government departments, their agencies, and crown non-departmental government bodies.

These statistics count all home Civil Service employees, including those based in Northern Ireland and Overseas. Not included are the Northern Ireland Civil Service, other Crown servants and employees of the wider public sector, for example, employees of non-crown non-departmental public bodies and the National Health Service (NHS).

Notes on the statistics

Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are calculated on a headcount basis and exclude unknown values for all variables. Figures are rounded to the nearest 5 in the case of headcounts/FTEs, with salaries rounded to the nearest £10. Percentages are rounded to one decimal place. Data in this release is available in the associated Civil Service Statistics data tables. Where time-series are presented, data have been taken from previous Civil Service Statistics publications.

Further analysis and methodology

Summary information on the scope and limitations is available in the Notes section of this release, with further details available in the quality and methodology information document published on the gov.uk website, along with previous versions of these statistics

Accredited Official Statistics

These accredited official statistics have been independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics. Accredited official statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007.

Accreditation signifies their compliance with the authority’s Code of Practice for Statistics which broadly means these statistics are:

• managed impartially and objectively in the public interest

• meet identified user needs

• produced according to sound methods

• well explained and readily accessible

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR).

OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

These statistics were independently reviewed by the OSR in February 2022. See Compliance Check of Civil Service Statistics. Since this review by the OSR, we have continued to comply with the Code of Practice for Statistics.

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