Heathrow expansion: selection of a scheme for ANPS review purposes
Heathrow Airport Limited’s third runway proposal will be basis for expansion.
Further to my oral statement to the House on 22 October 2025, I am writing to update the House on the government’s decision to identify the scheme promoted by Heathrow Airport Limited (HAL) as the scheme to take forward in informing the ongoing review of the Airports National Policy Statement (ANPS) over the coming months. Any resulting proposed amendment to the ANPS, along with any other proposed amendments, will be subject to public consultation.
This decision marks an important milestone, one that reaffirms the UK’s commitment to maintaining its position as a world leader in aviation, innovation and economic growth. Heathrow is our only hub airport, which supports trade, tourism and hundreds of thousands of jobs and underpins prosperity across both the south-east and regions of the United Kingdom. If Britain is to remain competitive in the decades ahead, we must ensure that our airport capacity matches our ambition as a modern, outward-looking and confident nation.
The government’s position is clear: expansion at Heathrow must be cost effective, minimising the burden on passengers and coming at no cost to the taxpayer. The project will be privately financed, including the core scheme and any associated surface access improvements.
Crucially, expansion must be delivered in a way that aligns with our legal obligations on air quality, environmental protection, noise and climate change.
We recognise that expansion brings both opportunity and responsibility. My department will therefore continue to work closely with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), local authorities, community representatives and the wider aviation sector to ensure any scheme is delivered transparently, responsibly and in partnership with those it affects.
Assessment of proposals
Following my update last month to confirm that 2 proposed schemes remained under active consideration, my department has now undertaken a further assessment of those 2 proposed schemes (Heathrow Airport Limited and Arora Group/Heathrow West Limited (HWL)). I would like to thank both promoters of the proposed schemes for providing this additional information and for their constructive engagement with my department.
Following a comparative assessment of the remaining proposals for Heathrow expansion, the government’s view is that the north-west runway scheme brought forward by Heathrow Airport Limited offers the most credible and deliverable option, principally due to the relative maturity of its proposal, the comparative level of confidence in the feasibility and resilience of its surface access plans and the stronger comfort it provides in relation to the efficient, resilient and sustainable operations of the airport over the long-term.
The HAL scheme is considered comparatively more mature in its approach to road infrastructure. While the HAL scheme requires major works to the M25, assessment indicates that the HWL scheme would also have a considerable impact on the M25.
We know we must provide as much clarity and certainty for communities affected by expansion at Heathrow as soon as possible. While HAL’s scheme requires more land, it would require the acquisition of fewer residential properties around the airport than HWL’s scheme.
The runway length proposed by HAL – up to 3.5km – is considered to be advantageous in terms of providing greater resilience and potential futureproofing for next-generation aircraft when compared with the 2.8km runway proposed by HWL.
The government therefore considers that overall, the HAL scheme provides the greatest likelihood of meeting our ambition for a decision on development consent application within this Parliament. This scheme will now inform the ongoing ANPS review. Any scheme identified in an amended ANPS will still need detailed consideration (including matters such as runway length, layout and supporting infrastructure) in any development consent order sought under planning legislation.
Airports National Policy Statement (ANPS) review
The Airports National Policy Statement (ANPS) provides the policy framework for the government’s approach to securing additional airport capacity in the south-east of England.
I announced on 22 October 2025 that it would be reviewed, particularly to consider updated aviation forecasts and how any changes in policy and legislation – in particular relating to climate and the environment – since its designation in 2018, may need to be reflected, as well as how the government’s 4 tests will be applied to expansion. We have begun detailed analytical and policy work to this effect.
Further to this, today I am publishing the government’s stakeholder engagement approach. This represents an important step in ensuring that the development and review of the ANPS is conducted in a manner that is transparent, inclusive, and informed by a comprehensive range of stakeholder views.
I have always been clear that any proposals for airport expansion must meet the government’s 4 tests, including those relating to climate commitments. I am confirming that I have today written to the Climate Change Committee (CCC) setting out how I intend to engage with them, so that their views can be fully considered as this process progresses.
Regulatory work
As I said in October, rigorous and effective cost control will be essential to the scheme’s success both in minimising any impact on airline charges and costs to passengers and in maintaining credibility with financial markets.
The Civil Aviation Authority is continuing its work to develop the regulatory framework that will support delivery of expansion at Heathrow. They will shortly set out further detail on their approach to early cost recovery by promoters and are today publishing a paper setting out potential future regulatory options for an expanded Heathrow. The government welcomes this work and will continue to coordinate closely with the regulator to ensure that any new regulatory framework supports the timely and efficient financing of expansion and, in line with the CAA’s statutory duties, that passengers’ interests are protected and the best possible value is delivered.
This ongoing collaboration between government and the CAA will continue to align regulatory and policy frameworks as the ANPS review progresses. The department has a clear interest in ensuring the best possible value and service for passengers and will continue to review the CAA’s independent assessment of regulatory options to achieve this.
Broader programme progress
As we set out in October, the government has acted in a range of areas that will enable expansion at Heathrow, including through the Planning and Infrastructure Bill, our work on Judicial Reviews and the initiation of slot reform. Since October, we have continued to make progress on policies that enable the delivery of an operational third runway at Heathrow.
On airspace modernisation, the department is today launching a consultation on a package of changes to help streamline airspace design whilst retaining the important principles of a transparent, evidence-based airspace change process.
Alongside this, we continue to make progress on work to decarbonise aviation, including increasing the uptake of sustainable aviation fuel and innovation in aviation technology.
This is a historic opportunity for the UK aviation sector and wider economy. The government is committed to ensuring expansion is delivered in a timely, cost-efficient and environmentally responsible way and we will consult on any amendments to the ANPS by July 2026.
Heathrow Airport Limited’s third runway proposal will be basis for expansion news story, 25 November 2025.