Research and analysis

UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations

Research providing updates to the cost and technical assumptions for deep geothermal for power, and deep and shallow geothermal for heat.

• From: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero
• Published: 11 August 2025

Documents

UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations: cover note

PDF, 261 KB, 12 pages

UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations

PDF, 3.19 MB, 95 pages

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UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations: annex A (UK geothermal assessment)

PDF, 4.4 MB, 76 pages

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UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations: annex B (levelised cost of heat)

PDF, 1.27 MB, 24 pages

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UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations: annex C (levelised cost of electricity)

PDF, 760 KB, 19 pages

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UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations: annex D (carbon assessment)

PDF, 2.06 MB, 63 pages

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UK geothermal energy review and cost estimations: annex E (main stakeholder survey)

PDF, 347 KB, 29 pages

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Details

In 2024 DESNZ commissioned Arup to undertake this research which covers updates to the cost and technical assumptions for the following technologies:  

• deep geothermal for power  
• deep geothermal for heat  
• shallow geothermal technologies for heat  

This research represents the most in-depth assessment of geothermal energy generation costs in the UK to date. It includes the first levelised cost for heat published by DESNZ and the first for power since 2016, as well as a carbon intensity assessment.  

The accompanying cover note provides more detail on uncertainties and limitations and the use of this data within DESNZ.

Published 11 August 2025