Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 36 (week ending 8 September 2024)
Updated 30 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia spp
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/31 | 2024/32 | 2024/33 | 2024/34 | 2024/35 | 2024/36 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile Virus | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 19 | 31 | 30 | 28 | 19 | 27 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 302 | 268 | 252 | 141 | 107 | 100 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 41 | 28 | 36 | 27 | 45 | 61 |
| Borrelia sp | 6 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 13 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Brucella sp | - | - | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Burkholderia | ||||||
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 48 | 72 | 58 | 71 | 58 | 54 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 298 | 320 | 270 | 321 | 319 | 303 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,40 | 1,196 | 1,264 | 1,200 | 1,076 | 1,297 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 31 | 30 | 34 | 28 | 28 | 24 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 40 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 15 |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 95 | 70 | 82 | 77 | 87 | 60 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 2 | 2 | 6 | - | - | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 2,858 | 2,084 | 1,688 | 1,404 | 1,584 | 1,719 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 84 | 60 | 55 | 61 | 41 | 70 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 16 | 17 | 13 | 15 | 8 | 16 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 117 | 113 | 104 | 84 | 62 | 113 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 17 | 10 | 20 | 6 | 16 | 22 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 44 | 54 | 41 | 61 | 49 | 37 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 3 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 6 | 15 | 22 | 19 | 21 | 17 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 33 | 50 | 29 | 43 | 65 | 34 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 28 | 27 | 37 | 47 | 41 | 127 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium viatorum | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 15 | 16 | 21 | 15 | 13 | 23 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 4 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 9 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia sp | 100 | 92 | 116 | 109 | 93 | 142 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 62 | 50 | 44 | 59 | 62 | 45 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 14 | 15 | 11 | 23 | 13 | 20 |
| Hepatitis B | 331 | 304 | 312 | 312 | 227 | 255 |
| Hepatitis C | 338 | 289 | 278 | 235 | 251 | 228 |
| Hepatitis D | 3 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 6 |
| Hepatitis E | 32 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 18 | 33 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 220 | 262 | 232 | 220 | 227 | 217 |
| Influenza B | 33 | 24 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 16 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 3 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 8 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella other named | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 14 | 5 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 96 | 105 | 84 | 112 | 62 | 84 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 16 | 15 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 11 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 12 | 14 | 17 | 14 | 6 | 16 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 68 | 52 | 33 | 47 | 33 | 27 |
| Mumps virus | 6 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | 14 | - | - | 2 | 28 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 51 | 66 | 33 | 63 | 45 | 60 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 8 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 13 | 8 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 14 |
| Rabies virus | ||||||
| Rabies virus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia mooseri | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 60 | 82 | 70 | 75 | 64 | 33 |
| Salmonella agona | - | - | 10 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella blockley | - | 10 | 12 | 7 | 12 | 5 |
| Salmonella chester | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | 9 | - | 7 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 89 | 109 | 85 | 107 | 72 | 26 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella napoli | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 30 | 52 | 43 | 53 | 126 | 313 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 19 | 14 | 11 | 17 | 17 | 10 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 28 | 38 | 46 | 45 | 28 | 22 |
| Salmonella virchow | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Slmonella enterica | - | - | 6 | 6 | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 13 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 11 | 13 |
| Shigella sonnei | 16 | 25 | 35 | 14 | 22 | 15 |
| Shigella sp | 65 | 62 | 76 | 69 | 62 | 95 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 64 | 52 | 34 | 54 | 64 | 66 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 78 | 62 | 63 | 61 | 58 | 43 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/31 | 2024/32 | 2024/33 | 2024/34 | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | |
| NDM | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| VIM | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 2 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| KPC | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 3 | |
| NDM | 12 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 3 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 1 | |
| VIM | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 4 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 12 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 6 | |
| NDM | 21 | 10 | 21 | 9 | 18 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 27 | 21 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 2 | |
| VIM | 5 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Escherichia hermannii | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | |
| NDM | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 10 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| KPC | 22 | 16 | 14 | 35 | 16 | 4 | |
| NDM | 13 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 13 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 9 | 5 | |
| VIM | 4 | - | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Klebsiella variicola | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea agglomerans | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Pantoea septica | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Phytobacter | |||||||
| Pytobacter ursingii | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Proteus vulgaris | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/31 | 2024/32 | 2024/33 | 2024/34 | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | - | - |
| Other | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | 4 | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | - | |
| Pseudomonas stutzeri group | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other | |||||||
| KPC | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |