Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 31 (week ending 4 August 2024)
Updated 30 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/26 | 2024/27 | 2024/28 | 2024/29 | 2024/30 | 2024/31 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile Virus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 18 | 33 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 18 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 303 | 230 | 196 | 241 | 304 | 292 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 34 | 35 | 41 | 35 | 46 | 34 |
| Borrelia sp | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 8 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Brucella sp | 1 | 1 | - | 4 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 45 | 51 | 48 | 53 | 53 | 38 |
| Campylobacter curvus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 397 | 335 | 333 | 286 | 314 | 248 |
| Campylobacter lari | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,399 | 1,433 | 1,253 | 1,339 | 1,215 | 1,285 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 30 | 42 | 32 | 28 | 40 | 30 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 43 | 44 | 37 | 44 | 41 | 37 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | 3 | - | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 79 | 55 | 38 | 123 | 127 | 95 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 3,329 | 3,026 | 3,462 | 3,983 | 3,488 | 2,858 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 89 | 59 | 68 | 121 | 86 | 84 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 13 | 9 | 20 | 23 | 13 | 16 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 103 | 151 | 98 | 122 | 94 | 116 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 16 | 6 | 24 | 25 | 30 | 17 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 58 | 66 | 86 | 82 | 81 | 44 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | - | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 16 | 11 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 41 | 37 | 47 | 28 | 29 | 16 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 30 | 22 | 25 | 22 | 45 | 51 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 18 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 10 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 8 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 3 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia sp | 113 | 87 | 90 | 116 | 105 | 100 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 65 | 68 | 71 | 58 | 67 | 62 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 26 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 15 | 13 |
| Hepatitis B | 351 | 361 | 277 | 326 | 260 | 308 |
| Hepatitis C | 255 | 250 | 362 | 255 | 266 | 316 |
| Hepatitis D | 9 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 3 |
| Hepatitis E | 30 | 21 | 27 | 44 | 26 | 30 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 237 | 223 | 280 | 334 | 325 | 217 |
| Influenza B | 48 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 44 | 30 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | 3 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 3 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella other named | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 4 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 7 | 1 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 2 | 4 | - | 3 | 2 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 7 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 109 | 102 | 75 | 88 | 101 | 75 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 13 | 12 | 23 | 14 | 17 | 15 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 3 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 19 | 12 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 60 | 72 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 58 |
| Mumps virus | 4 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 6 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Plasmodium ovale | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 45 | 52 | 45 | 74 | 52 | 51 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 6 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 7 | 8 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 23 | 8 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 13 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia sp | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 60 | 73 | 65 | 67 | 52 | 24 |
| Salmonella agona | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella anatum | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella bareilly | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella braenderup | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | 5 | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | - | 7 | - | - | - | 5 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 77 | 87 | 84 | 88 | 38 | 20 |
| Salmonella heidelberg | - | 6 | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella java | - | - | 5 | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 5 | 8 | 7 | - | - | 5 |
| Salmonella saint-paul | 9 | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 36 | 24 | 26 | 69 | 142 | 175 |
| Salmonella stanley | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 9 | 15 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 12 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 34 | 35 | 32 | 29 | 15 | 8 |
| Slmonella enterica | - | - | 7 | - | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 24 | 18 | 15 | 17 | 20 | 8 |
| Shigella sonnei | 22 | 12 | 25 | 23 | 22 | 11 |
| Shigella sp | 50 | 45 | 52 | 54 | 69 | 74 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 50 | 72 | 56 | 63 | 50 | 64 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 100 | 94 | 84 | 87 | 73 | 77 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/26 | 2024/27 | 2024/28 | 2024/29 | 2024/30 | 2024/31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| KPC | - | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | - | |
| NDM | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | - | |
| VIM | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - |
| KPC | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 2 | |
| NDM | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 6 | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | |
| Other | 1 | 3 | - | - | 2 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 4 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 7 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 6 | |
| NDM | 15 | 17 | 11 | 17 | 16 | 8 | |
| OXA48 | 24 | 19 | 24 | 18 | 22 | 7 | |
| VIM | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Escherichia hermannii | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 |
| KPC | 15 | 24 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 14 | |
| NDM | 10 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 16 | 11 | - | |
| VIM | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Other | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Phytobacter | |||||||
| Pytobacter ursingii | KPC | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella spp | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/26 | 2024/27 | 2024/28 | 2024/29 | 2024/30 | 2024/31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| NDM | 2 | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pseudomonas monteilli | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | |||||||
| IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |