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Research and analysis

Lived experiences of money muling

Findings from qualitative research with former money mules and subject matter experts, exploring pathways into and out of money muling, and the harms experienced.

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In 2024, the Home Office commissioned Ipsos UK to undertake research to better understand lived experiences of individuals previously involved in money mule activity. Money mule activity involves the movement of illicit funds through one’s financial accounts on behalf of criminals, sometimes in exchange for payment or other financial benefit.

This research used a mixed-methods approach including a survey of 208 respondents, and qualitative interviews with 9 money mules and 11 subject matter experts who had encountered money mules. The research aimed to understand individual pathways into and out of money muling, including the factors associated with this. The research also examined the harms and impacts of money mule activity, and potential points of support and intervention.

This report presents the findings from this research.

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Published 16 July 2026

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