Research and analysis

DfT surveys on international travel during COVID-19: Wave 10 (15 to 16 June 2022)

Updated 12 April 2023

Background

The Global Travel Taskforce (GTT) set out recommendations for progressing a risk-based reopening of international travel. Central to the framework enabling the safe reopening of international travel over the summer of 2021 was the introduction of a “traffic-light” system. As part of this traffic light system, passengers were subject to testing and isolation travel requirements. To gain a better understanding of passengers’ future travel attitudes at that point in time, and how requirements such as testing and isolation may influence those attitudes, DfT commissioned Ipsos MORI to conduct public attitude research.

The aim of this project was to support ongoing work on COVID-19 and maximising the Department’s contribution in promoting recovery in international travel. Specifically, the project contributes to building an evidence base to understand how COVID-19 affects public attitudes towards future international travel.

This research was designed to be a snapshot of people’s attitudes at the time of completing the survey, reflecting people’s views on major public announcements or policy changes to international travel. Questions demonstrate people’s best estimate for their future intentions at the time they were surveyed.

During the time of fieldwork (15 to 16 June 2022) all UK border travel restrictions had been removed. This removal took force from 18 March 2022. However, some other countries had inbound travel requirements, such as requiring proof of vaccination or needing a test to enter.

This time of fieldwork coincided with increased public concern over the cost of living, following on from an increase in inflation to 9.4% at the start of June 2022, the highest reading since 1982.

Methodology

The survey was commissioned by DfT and was conducted by Ipsos MORI using their online panel. Quotas were set to secure a nationally representative sample of 2,258 UK adults aged between 16 to 75. Data was weighted to the known UK population profile. This wave of research was undertaken 15 to 16 June 2022.

The ethical implications to this project were minimal as it did not collect, share or analyse sensitive personal information. Additionally, participants were able to give fully informed consent and were able to withdraw at any time. Data protection GDPR considerations were met by ensuring the project did not collect any special category or personally identifiable data for all waves.

Wave 10 had a sample of 2,258 UK adults aged 16 to 75. Fieldwork was conducted between 15 and 16 June 2022. During the time of fieldwork all UK border travel restrictions had been removed. This removal took force from 18 March 2022. However, some other countries had inbound travel requirements, such as requiring proof of vaccination or needing a test to enter.

This time of fieldwork coincided with increased public concern over the cost of living, following on from an increase in inflation to 9.4% at the start of June, the highest reading since 1982.

Please be aware of the following caveats when reviewing this document:

  • There are many uncertainties associated with international travel, so questions demonstrate people’s best estimate of their future intentions at the time they were surveyed. However, as the domestic and global context changes, there may be changes in people’s responses. Please be aware that findings presented here represent a snapshot of attitudes at the time of completing the survey
  • Please also be aware, percentages may not sum to 100% due to selecting multiple responses or due to rounding of percentages in single code responses.
  • Some questions were asked to all participants, and some were asked to a filtered sample. Please keep this in mind when citing figures from this document. To reflect this, percentages and sample sizes for each question are given below tables or followed in brackets after statements

Summary of Wave 10 findings

Wave 10 had a sample of 2,258 UK adults aged 16 to 75. Fieldwork was conducted between 15 and 16 June 2022.

  • Approximately 1 in 5 (20%) of UK adults surveyed said they plan to travel outside of the UK for leisure in the next 3 months, while a little under a quarter (23%) of UK adults surveyed stated they do not plan to travel abroad for leisure within the next 12 months (n=2,258).
  • About half (49%) of UK adults surveyed (n=2,258) stated they were likely to travel abroad for a holiday between June 2022 and September 2022.
  • The most common reason for not planning to travel abroad for leisure (n=1,248) during the period October 2021 to January 2022 was financial concerns (33% of respondents).
  • Over half (58%) of UK adults surveyed (n=2,258) were concerned over their personal financial situation, similarly over half (56%) said that due to their concerns around the cost of living, they would spend less on holidays abroad this year.
  • Of those who responded that they would save money by spending less on holidays this year (n=1,273), the most common way of saving money was to reduce the number of overseas holidays (24% of respondents).
  • The most common factor cited as important in deciding on a holiday (n=2,258) was the overall cost of the holiday (76%)
  • The method of travel considered expensive by the most respondents (n=2,258) was cruise (36%) while the method considered cheap by the most respondents was ferry (22%).

Full research findings

Previous travel abroad activity

All respondents (n=2,258) were asked about their travel habits in the 2 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the 2 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (between March 2018 and March 2020), how many times, if at all, did you go abroad for leisure?

Approximately 1 in 3 (33%) UK adults surveyed did not travel abroad for leisure at all in the two years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2018 - March 2020). In that same period under 1 in 5 (19%) travelled once for leisure, and almost 1 in 4 (24%) travelled twice. Around 1 in 10 (10%) travelled 3 times in the period, and a further 1 in 10 (10%) travelled 4 or more times.

In the 2 years prior to the pandemic (between March 2018 and March 2020), how much did you typically spend going abroad for leisure? Please include your total travel, accommodation, and any spending money whilst abroad.

Of those who went abroad for leisure in the two years prior to the pandemic (n=1,499) around 1 in 50 (2%) spent under £100 per person in total, including cost of travel, accommodation, and spending money. A little under a quarter (24%) of respondents spent between £100 and £399 per person. Just over 1 in 3 (36%) spent between £400 and £799 per person. Just over 1 in 5 (22%) spent between £800 and £1499 per person. About 1 in 10 (11%) responded that they spent over £1500 per person.

Typical travel behaviours in the two years before the pandemic (March 2018-March 2020)

The same people who responded that they went abroad in the 2 years prior to the pandemic (n=1,499) were asked questions about their travel habits.

Still thinking about the trip(s) you made abroad before the pandemic (between March 2018 and March 2020), which if any, of the following apply?

Response Percentage of responses (%, all respondents)
I usually booked far in advance 38
I usually booked my travel and accommodation separately (e.g. not through a travel agent/operator) 27
I tended to fly with low-cost airlines 24
I usually travelled mid-week instead of over weekends 22
I tended to save up for a long time for holidays 18
I usually travelled during typical school holiday periods (e.g. Easter, late July to August, half terms) 17
Travel was usually the most expensive part of my trips abroad 16
I choose destinations primarily based on how cheap the accommodation and food/drinks are 15
I tended to pay for holidays in instalments / on credit 13
I usually went on multiple small trips rather than one big trip abroad 12
I usually booked last minute 10
None of these 3
Don’t know 1

Base: All respondents who travelled abroad for leisure between March 2018 and March 2020, n=1,499. Respondents were able to select multiple answers, so answers do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

Over 1 in 3 (38%) of respondents answered that they usually book far in advance, compared with only 1 in 10 (10%) saying they usually booked last minute.

Other common responses included a little over a quarter (27%) stating they usually booked travel and accommodation separately, and a little under a quarter (24%) stating that they tended to fly with low cost airlines.

International leisure travel plans

All respondents (n=2,258) were asked about their future international leisure travel plans.

Which of these best reflects your current plans to travel for leisure outside the UK?

Response Percentage of responses (%, all respondents) Percentage of responses (%, those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019) Percentage of responses (%, those who travelled abroad by ferry for leisure in 2019)
I am planning to do this in the next 3 months 20 29 30
I am planning to do this in the next 3-6 months 18 26 33
I am planning to do this in the next 6-12 months 15 22 29
I am planning to do this at some time after the next 12 months 13 15 18
I will not travel for leisure outside of the UK within the next year 23 8 7
None of these 11 4 2
Don’t know 7 6 2

Base: All respondents n=2,258; Travelled abroad for leisure in 2019 n=1,340; Travelled abroad for leisure by ferry in 2019 n=364. Respondents were able to select multiple answers, so answers do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

Exactly in 1 in 5 (20%) of UK adults surveyed said they plan to travel outside of the UK for leisure in the next 3 months. Intent to travel abroad was higher amongst those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019, where almost 3 in 10 (29%) said they plan to travel abroad for leisure in the next 3 months.

A little under a quarter (23%) of UK adults surveyed stated they do not plan to travel abroad for leisure within the next 12 months. This was a much lower amongst those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019, where less than 1 in 10 (8%) stated they do not plan to travel abroad for leisure within the next 12 months.

Travel likelihood

Respondents were asked about their likelihood to travel outside of the UK. Respondents were told that while there were no COVID-19 related requirements for entering the UK, other countries may have different requirements.

How likely or unlikely do you think you would you be to travel outside of the UK between June 2022 and September 2022 for a holiday?

Response Percentage of responses (%, all respondents) Percentage of responses (%, those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019) Percentage of responses (%, those who travelled abroad by ferry for leisure in 2019)
Very/fairly likely 49 66 70
Very/fairly unlikely 42 32 27
Not applicable, I never make these types of journeys abroad 9 2 3

Base: All respondents n=2,258; Travelled abroad for leisure in 2019 n=1,340; Travelled abroad for leisure by ferry in 2019 n=364. Respondents were able to select multiple answers, so answers do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

Almost half (49%) of UK adults surveyed said they would be likely to travel abroad for a holiday between June and September 2022. This is lower than the about 2 in 3 (66%) of those who had travelled abroad for leisure in 2019 who said they were likely to.

Just over 2 in 5 (42%) of UK adults surveyed said they would be unlikely to travel abroad for a holiday between June and September. This is more than the 32% of those who had travelled abroad for leisure in 2019 who said they were unlikely to travel outside of the UK over this period.

You said you are unlikely to travel for leisure or to visit friends or relatives outside of the UK between June 2022 and the end of September 2022. Which, if any, of these are your reasons for this?

Response Percentage of responses (%, all respondents) Percentage of responses (%, those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019)
Financial concerns – I cannot afford a trip abroad 33 25
I’m prioritising UK leisure trips 18 16
Increased processing times at the border (either in the UK or abroad) 13 14
Concern that the trip would be less enjoyable, e.g. social distancing and hygiene (e.g. mask, hand sanitiser) or that sights and venues won’t be open 11 14
Concerned that my destination of choice would impose travel restrictions on arrivals (e.g. testing, self-isolation, or vaccine requirements) 11 14
Concern that the UK Government will impose travel restrictions on arrivals into the UK (e.g., testing, self-isolation) without enough notice 10 13
Concern about myself / family members / people I travel with getting ill overseas 10 9
Concerned about travel insurance or cancellations by travel providers 10 13
Concern about conflict (e.g. Ukraine/Russia) 8 7
Concern that I may bring a new Coronavirus variant back to the UK 8 6
Concern that I/ others I travel with will not be able to get a valid passport in time 6 7
Other 8 10
None of the above, I would never normally travel abroad during this time for leisure or to visit friends or relatives 25 22

Base: All respondents unlikely to travel abroad for leisure or to VFR between June 2022 and September 2022 n=1248. Respondents who travelled abroad for leisure/VFR in 2019 who are unlikely to travel abroad for leisure or VFR between June 2022 and September 2022 n=645. Respondents were able to select multiple answers, so answers do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

The most common reason for not planning to travel outside of the UK for leisure during the period June 2022 to September 2022 was financial concerns (33%). The next most common answer was that they wouldn’t normally travel abroad during the time period, which a quarter (25%) of respondents said. The other top reasons also included prioritising UK travel (18%), increased processing time at the border (13%), Concern that the trip would be less enjoyable, e.g. social distancing and hygiene (e.g. mask, hand sanitiser) or that sights and venues won’t be open (11%) and concerns about the destination country would impose travel restrictions on arrivals (e.g. testing, self-isolation, or vaccine requirements) (11%).

Amongst those who travelled abroad in 2019 for leisure, the most commonly cited reason for not planning to travel for leisure outside of the UK during the period June 2022 to September 2022 was also financial concerns (25%) and that they would not usually take a holiday abroad in this period (22%). Other top reasons for those not planning on travelling abroad for leisure during this period reported that they were prioritising UK travel (16%), Increased processing times at the border (14%), concerns that the trip would be less enjoyable (14%) and concerns that their destination of choice would impose travel restrictions on arrivals (14%).

Travel intent during the period June 2022 to September 2022

All respondents were asked about their plans to travel outside of the UK for leisure between June and September 2022. Respondents were told that while there were no COVID-19 related requirements for entering the UK, other countries may have different requirements.

When it comes to travelling for leisure outside of the UK between now and the end of April 2022, which statements apply to you?

Response Percentage of responses (%, all respondents) Percentage of responses (%, those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019)
I’ve a booking for travel 14 21
I have a booking for accommodation abroad 13 18
I’ve researched travel or accommodation intend to make a booking 18 25
I’ve not booked or researched travel abroad, but I will do in the future 22 23
At the moment, I am not planning to travel abroad outside of the UK for leisure at all 37 24
Don’t know 9 5

Base: All respondents n=2,258; Travelled abroad for leisure/VFR in 2019 n=1,340. Participants could select more than one answer, so percentages do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

When asked about their plans for leisure travel abroad during the period June 2022 to September 2022, over 1 in 3 (37%) of UK adults surveyed stated that they were not planning to travel abroad for leisure at all during this period. The next most common response was that they had not booked or researched but were planning on doing so in the future (22%). Smaller proportions reported that they had researched travel or accommodation and intended to book (18%), already had a booking for travel (14%) and already had a booking for accommodation (13%).

Compared with all UK adults, fewer (24%) of those who had travelled abroad for leisure in 2019 reported that they were not planning to travel abroad for leisure during June 2022 to September 2022. The most common response (25%) instead was that they had researched accommodation or travel and were intending to make a booking.

You said you have a booking for travel outside the UK between now and the end of September 2022, for leisure purposes. What is the main mode of travel you will be using to get to your destination?

Respondents who stated they had a booking for travel outside of the UK between June 2022 and September 2022 for leisure purposes (n=349) were asked about what mode of travel they would use to get to their destination. Respondents were asked about the booking that was due to take place first if they had multiple bookings.

Close to three quarters (72%) of those who had bookings for travel between June 2022 and September 2022 (n=349) were going to use plane as their main form of travel. Around 1 in 8 (13%) were going to travel primarily by train, with smaller amounts travelling by ferry (6%) and cruise (5%). There was also a small group (3%) planning on travelling by another mode not mentioned.

You said mentioned you had a booking for travel outside the UK between now and the end of September 2022 for leisure purposes. Please indicate what you intend to do with this booking?

Of the UK adults surveyed who stated they had a booking for travel outside of the UK between June 2022 and September 2022 for leisure purposes (n=349), over 4 in 5 (83%) stated that they planned to go ahead with their booking. Nearly 1 in 10 (9%) said that they planned to change the duration of their booking. Very small amounts planned to reschedule (2%) or to cancel (1%). Less than 1 in 20 (3%) did not know what they were going to do with their booking, and a smaller amount (1%) said that they intended to do something other than the options listed.

Still thinking about the booking to travel abroad for leisure, between now and the end of September 2022, have you booked a flexible ticket for this trip, or not – which of these apply?

Out of the respondents who had booked travel for a known mode of transport (n=339), approximately 1 in 3 (33%) had chosen a flexible ticket, while roughly another third (34%) had chosen not to book a flexible ticket. Of the remainder a quarter (25%) said that the option of a flexible ticket was not available to them, while a smaller amount (6%) stated that they didn’t know.

Attitudes to travel abroad

Respondents were asked about how strongly they agreed or disagreed with different statements relating to travel abroad, any financial concerns.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements about travelling abroad?


All respondents
Response I am worried about my personal financial situation (percentage of responses, %) Given concerns about the cost of living, I will spend less on holidays abroad this year (percentage of responses, %) Because of Coronavirus, I am concerned about getting travel insurance cover (percentage of responses, %) I’ll only book travel abroad if I have refund and/or cancellation flexibility (percentage of responses, %) I’ll only book travel abroad if I can change my ticket at short notice (percentage of responses, %) Given concerns about the cost of living, I won’t go on holiday abroad this year at all (percentage of responses, %)
Agree 58 56 34 57 44 47
Neither agree nor disagree 19 18 23 19 24 18
Disagree 21 14 32 10 18 28
Don’t know/ Not applicable 2 12 10 14 14 7

Base: All respondents n=2,258. Responses may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Fieldwork 15 to 16 June 2022.

Those who had responded that they travelled abroad for leisure in 2019

Response I am worried about my personal financial situation (percentage of responses, %) Given concerns about the cost of living, I will spend less on holidays abroad this year (percentage of responses, %) Because of Coronavirus, I am concerned about getting travel insurance cover (percentage of responses, %) I’ll only book travel abroad if I have refund and/or cancellation flexibility (percentage of responses, %) I’ll only book travel abroad if I can change my ticket at short notice (percentage of responses, %) Given concerns about the cost of living, I won’t go on holiday abroad this year at all (percentage of responses, %)
Agree 53 57 40 65 51 41
Neither agree nor disagree 20 21 22 20 25 19
Disagree 25 20 37 12 21 38
Don’t know/ Not applicable 2 2 2 3 3 2

Base: Travelled abroad for leisure/VFR in 2019 n=1,340. Responses may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Fieldwork 15 to 16 June 2022.

For those who had travelled abroad for leisure in 2019, around half (53%) of UK adults surveyed agreed that they were worried about their personal financial situation, while 1 in 4 (25%) respondents disagreed.

Just over 1 in 3 (34%) of UK adults surveyed agreed due to coronavirus they were concerned about getting travel insurance cover, as compared to the just under 1 in 3 (32%) who disagreed. With those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019, there were both more who agreed (40%) and disagreed (37%).

Almost half (47%) of UK adults surveyed agreed that they would avoid going on holiday this year due to concerns over the cost of living, while just under 3 in 10 (28%) disagreed. This can be compared with those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019, where about 4 in 10 (41%) agreed that they would avoid going on holiday due to concerns over the cost of living, and just under 4 in 10 (38%) disagreed with that statement.

You mentioned that you will spend less on holiday abroad this year. Which, if any, of the following ways are you considering to reduce the cost of holidaying abroad?

Response Percentage of responses (%, all respondents) Percentage of responses (%, those who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019)
Going on fewer holidays abroad this year 24 26
Spending less whilst on holiday, e.g. food, drink, entertainment 23 27
Going to a cheaper destination abroad this year 22 24
Going on shorter holidays 20 23
Spending less on accommodation 20 22
Travelling outside of school holidays 18 22
Travelling mid-week instead over weekends 17 21
Booking more last-minute 16 18
Booking further in advance 15 18
Travelling by a cheaper mode of transport 13 17
Taking holidays not organised through a travel agent/operator (e.g. buying travel and accommodation separately) 11 15
Travelling with a larger group (e.g. to get group savings) 7 11
Travelling with fewer people (e.g. without children) 7 9
Other 3 3
Don’t know 6 2
None of the above 13 6

Base: All respondents who will spend less on holiday abroad this year n=1,273. Respondents who travelled abroad for leisure in 2019 and will spend less on holiday abroad this year n=759. Respondents were able to select multiple answers, so answers do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

Respondents who had stated they planned to spend less on holiday this year were asked what ways they were considering reducing the cost of their holiday. The most common answer was going on fewer holidays this year, which close to 1 in 4 (24%) respondents gave as an answer. Other popular answers included spending less whilst on holiday (23%), going to a cheaper destination (22%), going on shorter holidays (20%) and spending less on accommodation (20%).

Of those who had travelled outside of the UK for leisure in 2019 there was a higher percentage selecting each of the listed ways of saving money. The top 5 ways of saving money were the same among this group, however the most popular way was spending less whilst on holiday, with over 1 in 4 (27%) saying they would do this to reduce the cost of their holiday.

Thinking about travelling abroad for a holiday. How important, if at all, are each of the following factors to you when planning your trip?

Response Important (percentage of responses, %) Not important (percentage of responses, %) Don’t know (percentage of responses, %) Not applicable (percentage of responses, %)
The overall cost of the holiday 76 11 1 11
The place I depart from (e.g. airport, port, train station) being convenient for me to get to 75 13 2 11
Not needing to self-isolate on arrival at the destination 73 13 2 11
The specific travel destination 73 13 3 11
Whether there are likely to be delays and/or disruption at the borders (UK or abroad) 72 15 3 11
How long it takes me to travel to the destination from the UK 62 25 3 11
Not needing to take a Coronavirus test to travel to the destination 57 28 4 11
Not needing to show proof of vaccination to enter leisure facilities 48 38 3 11
My mode of travel being more of an environmentally friendly option 47 38 4 11
Limiting the number of people I mix with whilst travelling (e.g. travelling in my own car where possible) 47 39 4 11

Base: All respondents n=2,258. Participants could select more than one answer, so percentages do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

Among UK adults surveyed, over 3 in 4 (76%) considered the overall cost of the holiday to be important, while close to 1 in 10 (11%) did not consider it important. Other factors that many considered important included the place of departure being convenient to get to (75%), not needing to self isolate on arrival (73%), the specific travel destination (73%) and whether there was likely to be delays and/or disruption at the border (72%).

Thinking about different ways to travel abroad, please tell us what your impressions are about each of these different modes.

Respondents were asked which attributes they associated with various modes of transport. They were allowed to select multiple attributes for each mode.

Response Eurostar (travelling by train as a foot passenger) (percentage of responses, %) Eurotunnel (travelling by train on a car or coach) (percentage of responses, %) Plane (percentage of responses, %) Ferry (percentage of responses, %) Cruise (percentage of responses, %)
Convenient 24 26 38 20 11
Enjoyable to travel 20 15 24 23 24
Comfortable 23 19 23 17 23
Expensive 16 13 27 11 36
Reliable 18 20 21 15 11
Good to travel with families 14 17 16 22 14
Cheap 13 14 13 22 5
Flexible 14 14 14 13 8
Environmentally friendly 15 12 6 11 7
None of the above 5 5 7 9 7
Don’t know/ I am unfamiliar with this mode of transport 26 25 6 16 24

Base: All respondents n=2,258. Participants could select more than one answer, so percentages do not sum to 100%. Fieldwork: 15 June to 16 June 2022.

Of the UK adults surveyed, the mode of travel most associated with being expensive was Cruise, with over 1 in 3 (36%) UK adults surveyed considering it as such. This can be contrasted with the mode most associated with being cheap, which was travel by ferry, with over 1 in 5 (22%) of respondents considering it cheap.

Plane was considered the most convenient mode of transport, with nearly 4 in 10 (38%) respondents assigning it this attribute. This was the largest proportion of any attribute assigned to a mode of transport.

Over 1 in 4 (26%) of respondents selected that they did not know what attributes they would sign to/ were unfamiliar with the Eurostar as a mode of transport, while a lot less (6%) didn’t know what attributes they would sign to/ were unfamiliar with planes as a mode of transport.