Summary of badger vaccination in 2024
Published 11 June 2025
Applies to England
© Crown copyright 2025
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Background
The government’s strategy on tackling bovine tuberculosis in England includes badger vaccination.
Badgers are a protected species. This means a licence is required to capture them in cage traps before they are vaccinated. A licence is also needed to temporarily mark a badger to show it has been vaccinated. In 2024, these licences were issued by Defra and Natural England.
Individuals must have explicit permission from the relevant landowner to access land they want to place traps on. Individuals must provide proof of relevant training when they register for a licence to set cage-traps and/or mark badgers.
Number of badgers vaccinated in England in 2024
The open season for vaccinating badgers runs each year from 1 May to 30 November.
Licensed individuals must submit to Defra and Natural England an annual return of the number of badgers trapped, marked and vaccinated during the open season. In 2024, licensed individuals vaccinated 4110 [footnote 1] badgers across England.
| County | Badgers vaccinated | Of which by APHA |
|---|---|---|
| Avon | 72 | 5 |
| Cheshire | 196 | 0 |
| Cornwall | 813 | 625 |
| Cumbria | 258 | 224 |
| Derbyshire | 59 | 0 |
| Devon | 46 | 0 |
| Dorset | 48 | 21 |
| East Sussex | 750 | 0 |
| Gloucestershire | 597 | 519 |
| Greater Manchester | 40 | 0 |
| Herefordshire | 68 | 68 |
| Kent | 1 | 0 |
| Lincolnshire | 172 | 172 |
| Oxfordshire | 108 | 0 |
| Shropshire | 13 | 0 |
| Somerset | 203 | 124 |
| Staffordshire | 11 | 0 |
| Surrey | 13 | 0 |
| Warwickshire | 50 | 0 |
| Wiltshire | 474 | 442 |
| Worcestershire | 118 | 89 |
| Totals | 4,110 | 2,289 |
Field monitoring
Cage-trapping is a long established method of catching badgers and the welfare of badgers captured in cage-traps has been investigated previously [footnote 2].
In 2023, Natural England conducted compliance monitoring visits on 37 (19% [footnote 3]) licensed individuals authorised to cage-trap, mark and vaccinate badgers. All individuals were compliant with licence conditions.
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Based on a preliminary analysis of the return forms submitted to Defra in December 2024. This may change subject to detailed review of the data. ↩
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Woodroffe, R, Bourne, FJ, Cox, DR, Donnelly, CA, Gettinby, G, McInerney, JP, and Morrison, WI (2005) ‘Welfare of badgers (Meles meles) subjected to culling: patterns of trap-related injury’, Animal Welfare, 14 (1), pp. 11-17. ↩
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Based on the number of compliance visits conducted as a proportion of the total number of licensed individuals ↩