Guidance

Arrested or in prison in Romania

This guide provides information about being arrested in Romania and what conditions are like in prison there.

• From: Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
• Published: 30 June 2026

Contacting the British Embassy

The British Embassy in Romania can offer help but will not be able to get you out of prison or get you special treatment because you’re British. Find out what help the embassy or consulate can offer.

Family and friends can contact:

• the British Embassy in Romania

• the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) in London on +44 (0)20 7008 5000

British Embassy Bucharest

Consular Section
24 Jules Michelet St.
Postal code 010463
Bucharest, Sector 1
Romania
Telephone: +40 21 201 72 00

Finding a lawyer and translator

Find a lawyer in Romania

You should carefully consider getting a local Romanian lawyer. Discuss all costs with them in advance.

Prisoners Abroad has information on appointing a lawyer and legal aid although this information is not specific to Romania.

Private lawyers

Check the list of local English-speaking lawyers if you want to appoint your own private lawyer. Ask the British Embassy if you need a paper copy.

If you wish to hire a private lawyer, you can do so at any time after you are placed in custody.

Private lawyers will normally ask for a cash advance on their estimated legal fees before they will take your case on. These fees can sometimes be very high. The British Embassy cannot pay legal fees or guarantee to a lawyer that you will pay them.

If you decide to pay for a lawyer, it is wise to agree a flat fee for the whole case before they begin work or you may find yourself facing extra expenses.

At the end of the case, the court will decide who is responsible for any procedural costs. If you are convicted, you may be required to repay some of these costs.

Legal aid

If you cannot afford to hire a particular lawyer, you can apply at any time to the public prosecutor or to the court, as the case may be, to ask the Bar to appoint a lawyer to defend you (“Avocat din oficiu”).

In many criminal cases, including where a person is detained, a lawyer will be appointed automatically. This does not depend on your financial situation.

If legal aid is not granted automatically, you may be asked to provide information about your financial situation to show that you cannot afford a private lawyer.

A court-appointed lawyer is paid by the Romanian authorities. If you do not speak Romanian, an interpreter will also be provided during criminal proceedings.

At the end of the case, the court may decide that you should repay some procedural costs, particularly if you are convicted.

If you are not granted legal aid and cannot afford a private lawyer, you should inform the authorities as soon as possible so that they can consider appointing a lawyer to assist you.

Court-appointed lawyers

If you do not appoint your own private lawyer, the Romanian authorities have to appoint a lawyer to defend you.

In criminal cases, you have the right to legal assistance. In many situations, including when a person is detained or where the offence is serious, a lawyer will be appointed automatically. It is advisable to accept legal assistance if it is offered.

Court-appointed lawyers are appointed by the Bar to ensure that you are properly represented during the proceedings. They are required to act in your best interests and in the same way as a privately paid lawyer.

Some court-appointed lawyers may be able to speak English, but this is not guaranteed. If you do not speak Romanian, an interpreter will be provided during proceedings.

Changing your court-appointed lawyer

If you are not satisfied with your court-appointed lawyer, you may request in writing to the prosecutor or the court that a different lawyer be appointed. You will normally need to give reasons for your request. A replacement lawyer will also be court-appointed.

Costs of a court-appointed lawyer

A court-appointed lawyer is paid by the Romanian authorities.

At the end of the case, the court will decide who is responsible for procedural costs. If you are convicted, you may be required to repay some of these costs. If you are found not guilty, these costs are usually covered by the state.

You can choose to appoint a private lawyer at any time. If you do so, your court-appointed lawyer will transfer your case file to your new lawyer.

Find a translator or interpreter in Romania

You may need a translator to help you read Romanian documents about your case.

Do not sign any documents unless you understand them.

You might need an interpreter to help you communicate with your lawyer or at your trial, or for prison visits.

If you do not speak Romanian, you have the right to an interpreter to help you communicate with your lawyer, during police questioning, and at court hearings.

Tell the police, prosecutor or court immediately if you need an interpreter.

The authorities are responsible for arranging an interpreter during criminal proceedings. These services are provided free of charge.

If you need help outside official proceedings, such as translating additional documents or communicating privately with your lawyer, you may wish to arrange a private translator. You will normally need to pay for these services.

Search for an English-speaking translator or interpreter in Romania.

What happens when you’re arrested in Romania

You can be arrested and taken to a local police station:

• because of an existing arrest warrant
• where there are grounds for issuing an arrest warrant
• if you’re caught in the act of performing a crime
• if it’s expected you’ll leave the country to escape justice
• your identity cannot be confirmed

You can be detained for up to 24 hours on the order of a police officer or public prosecutor. After this, a judge may decide to place you under preventive arrest for a longer period.

The police must tell you in English (or a language you understand):

• why you’ve been arrested
• that initial proceedings against you have started
• your rights

Do not sign any documents unless you understand them - you must be given an interpreter if you ask for one.

Your rights

You have the right to:

• remain silent
• refuse to cooperate in the proceedings
• appoint a defence lawyer of your choice or ask for the help of a duty defence lawyer
• ask for an interpreter
• tell your next-of-kin you’ve been arrested
• tell the British embassy or consulate you’ve been arrested

How long you can be held for

You can be detained by the police or a public prosecutor for up to 24 hours.

After this, you must be brought before a judge (a rights and freedoms judge), who will decide whether you should be placed under pre-trial arrest.

Pre-trial arrest can be ordered for up to 30 days at a time. This can be extended in further periods of up to 30 days, depending on the circumstances of the case.

There is a maximum time limit for pre-trial detention before trial, which is normally up to 180 days.

Once the trial has started, the court must regularly review whether it is still necessary to keep you in detention. These checks must take place at least every 60 days.

There are no specific extended detention regimes (such as separate rules for terrorism cases), but in more serious or complex cases detention is more likely to be extended within the legal limits.

Personal belongings

The police will keep your personal items, which they will note down on a detailed receipt given to you. When you are released, your personal items will be returned unless they are retained as part of the criminal investigation.

Going to court

You must be taken to court within 24 hours from when you’re arrested. At court the examining judge will discuss your case with you. They’ll decide if you’ll:

• be placed in pre-trial detention
• be released in certain conditions (paying a fine)
• be released without charge

Being put on remand

You may be put on remand if you’re strongly suspected of committing an offence. This means you’ll be put in prison while you wait for the criminal investigation and trial to finish.

Foreign nationals may be more likely to be placed in detention, if the judge considers there is a risk they will leave Romania to avoid justice.

How long you can be on remand for

Pre-trial detention is for up to 30 days at a time and can be extended in further periods of up to 30 days.

The total period of pre-trial detention before trial is normally limited to 180 days.

Bail

Bail is not commonly granted in Romania, particularly for foreign nationals. This is because judges may consider there is a risk that the person could leave the country to avoid justice.

Courts are more likely to grant release under strict conditions (such as judicial control) rather than bail, depending on the circumstances of the case.

If bail or release is granted, the amount and conditions will depend on the:

• accused’s financial situation
• nature and seriousness of the offence
• likelihood of the person leaving Romania or interfering with the investigation

Conditions may include surrendering your passport, not leaving the country, or reporting regularly to the police.

The embassy or consulate cannot transfer bail funds for you.

Arriving at prison

You’ll be put in a temporary cell when you arrive at prison. You’ll have your photo taken and get a prisoner number. You’ll be asked to give details like your:

• name, date of birth and nationality
• home address
• medical conditions or allergies
• religion, marital status and profession
• name and address of next of kin

Your next-of-kin will not be told you’re in prison unless you give your permission.

Tell the prison staff if you have any pre-existing medical conditions so that they can arrange for you to see a doctor.

You may have a medical check shortly after arrival, and new arrivals are sometimes kept under observation for a short period.

Personal belongings

When you arrive at prison, your personal belongings will be checked and recorded. Items not allowed in prison will be taken and stored for you. You should receive a record of any items that are taken.

You may be allowed to keep and use some of your personal clothing, depending on the prison’s rules. In many cases, prisons will provide essentials like hygiene products and toilet paper.

Access to personal belongings during your time in prison may be limited.

Your prison cell

You will be assigned a prison cell once your details have been recorded. In most cases, you will share a cell with several other inmates. Cells are usually multiple occupancy, and overcrowding can be an issue in most prisons.

Cells are typically have bunk beds, mattresses and basic bedding provided by the prison.

Most cells have access to running water, a toilet and electricity. Conditions and facilities can vary depending on the prison.

Remand and sentenced prisoners may be held in the same prison, but are sometimes kept in separate sections.

Contacting the British embassy or consulate

Tell the prison if you want the British embassy or consulate to know you’re in prison.

Medical check-up

A doctor will give you a check-up within the first few days of being in prison. It may include basic health checks and, if necessary, further tests.

Tell the doctor about any medical conditions you already have. The doctor will decide if you need a special diet or any other medical treatment.

Contact the British embassy or consulate if you need help getting your medical notes from the UK.

Rights and responsibilities in prison

The prison should inform you of your rights and responsibilities. Ask if this information is available in English.

Prison staff will usually be your first point of contact for questions about prison rules and daily life. You may also be able to speak to a social worker, depending on the prison. If you need assistance, you can submit a written request.

Prisoners are expected to follow the rules of the prison at all times. The authorities may take your behaviour into account when making decisions about your detention conditions or any requests you submit.

Items such as drugs and mobile phones are strictly forbidden in Romanian prisons. If these are found in your possession, you may face disciplinary action, including loss of privileges or restrictions on visits.

If you have issues such as drug dependency or other personal difficulties, you can request support from the prison doctor or staff. Support services vary depending on the prison.

Visits from family or friends

Visiting rules in Romania vary between prisons. Some prisons only allow visits on certain days, and there may be limits on the number of visitors or the duration of visits.

Visits usually need to be arranged in advance, either online via the ANP portal (where you must first register an account) at https://programare-vizita.anp.gov.ro/login, by telephone, or by email directly with the prison.
You can also request a visit from within the prison. In order to do this, you usually need to add the visitor to your approved visitors list and submit a request through the prison administration.

You or your family or friends can ask your lawyer, or the prison, about the visiting rules. The British Embassy may also be able to provide contact details for the prison.

How many visits you’re allowed

The number of visits you’re allowed depends on:

• your age
• whether you are on remand or have been sentenced
• the rules of the prison

Visits are usually allowed for a limited period (around 30 minutes), once or more per week depending on the prison and your regime. Longer visits may be allowed in special or compassionate circumstances, for example if your family is travelling from abroad.

The number of visitors allowed at one time and the duration of visits depend on the availability of visiting facilities.

You or your family can ask your lawyer, or the prison directly, about the visiting rules.

Arranging visits

Many prisons in Romania have dedicated phone numbers or email addresses for booking visits. Visits usually need to be arranged in advance, but you should check the individual prison’s requirements.

Visitors must show valid identification (such as a passport or national ID card) when they arrive at the prison. The prison may retain identification during the visit.

Visitors are normally expected to arrive in advance of their appointment time to allow for security checks.

Remand prisoners

If you are on remand, visits may be subject to approval by the prosecutor or judge, particularly in the early stages of the investigation.

Visits may be restricted if the authorities believe they could affect the case. Your lawyer can advise you on how visits can be arranged.

You should avoid discussing your case during visits.

Sentenced prisoners

If you have been sentenced, visits are usually arranged directly with the prison.

Visitors can contact the prison to book a visit in advance, in line with the prison’s rules.

Specific rules may apply depending on the prison and your category or prison regime. This may affect the number of visits allowed, the duration of visits, physical contact during visits, and the number of visitors permitted at one time.

You may also request visits from within the prison by adding visitors to their approved visitors list and submitting a request through the prison administration.

During the visit

Visitors should arrive at the prison in advance of their appointment time to allow for security checks.

They must show valid identification (such as a passport or national ID card) on arrival. The prison may retain identification during the visit.

Depending on the prison and your status, visits may take place in a shared visiting room, or in some cases behind a screen or glass. You can ask the prison directly about the arrangements for your visit.

Visitors must identify themselves on arrival by showing an identification document containing a photograph, such as a passport. This is held by the prison and returned at the end of the visit.

Visitors will be searched before entering the prison.

What visitors can take with them

Visitors can bring approved items during visits. Parcels usually have to be delivered in person and generally cannot be sent by post.

A list of prohibited and approved items should be available on the prison’s website or can be checked with the prison, directly.

Fruit, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks brought during visits are usually not included in the parcel weight allowance, provided they do not exceed 5 kg.

All bags and parcels will be searched before entry. Authorities may refuse prohibited or unsuitable items, including:

• weapons
• knives
• alcohol
• drugs
• clothing made of black fabric
• sunglasses
• caps

Visits from British embassy or consulate staff

We can visit you in prison if there is an important reason to do so, for example if you have serious concerns about your health or welfare. It is often easier to arrange a phone call with us first. You can do this by asking prison staff to contact us on your behalf.

If we arrange a visit, we will try to inform you in advance. Please note that we cannot discuss or comment on your legal case. We are there to support your welfare.

You can write to us at any time about issues you’re concerned about. If it is urgent, it may be quicker to ask prison authorities to contact us on your behalf.

Money

The British embassy does not provide financial assistance to prisoners.

Money transfers from family or friends

Family or friends can usually send money to prisoners by bank transfer. Some prisons may also accept international bank transfers.

Prison authorities can provide the relevant bank account details and any specific instructions, including whether international transfers are accepted.

Families should check directly with the prison before sending money, as procedures vary between prisons.

When sending money, your family or friends may need to include details such as:

• your full name and date of birth
• the name of the prison
• a reference (for example, that the money is for your personal account)

You or your family should check with the prison for the exact requirements before sending money.

Prison accounts

You will usually have a prison account where money is held in your name. The way your account is organised may depend on whether you are on remand or have been sentenced.

Remand prisoners

If you are on remand, money sent by family or friends, or money you had when you were arrested, will be placed in your prison account. You can use this money to buy permitted items, such as food, toiletries and phone credit, in line with prison rules.

Sentenced prisoners

If you are sentenced, you may also receive money from prison work, if available. Part of your funds may be available for everyday use, such as purchases from the prison shop.

Some restrictions may apply to how and when you can use your money. You should ask the prison authorities for full details on how your account works and how you can access your funds.

How to make a complaint about mistreatment

The British embassy can help if you have been mistreated or abused - it will take all complaints seriously. Tell it first if you decide to make a complaint. It will ask your permission before taking any action.

If you have been mistreated, you should inform the British Embassy as soon as it is safe to do so. We will take all complaints seriously.

We will do our best to visit you, check on your welfare, discuss the allegations, and explain any local complaints procedures or support organisations that you may wish to consider.

With your permission, and where appropriate, we may consider raising your concerns with the Romanian authorities if you have not been treated in line with internationally accepted standards.

If you have been mistreated, try to see a doctor and obtain a medical report, and, if possible, try to request the doctor to take photographs of your injuries.

There are several ways to make a complaint while you are in prison.

Complaining to the prison authorities

You have the right to:

• in the first instance, speak to prison staff or request a meeting with the prison director
• make a complaint in writing to the prison authorities

Other options

You can also make a complaint by writing to the Romanian Ombudsman (Avocatul Poporului) at:

Avocatul Poporului
Str. George Vraca nr. 8
Sector 1, Bucharest
Romania

With your consent, the British Embassy can consider registering an interest in complaints raised. You should contact the Embassy directly to make this request.

Your investigation and trial in Romania

The Romanian judicial system is different from that of the UK. While there are similarities, such as the right to a lawyer, an interpreter and a fair trial, there are also important differences.

Romania has an inquisitorial system. There is no jury. Cases are decided by professional judges who have the responsibility of carrying out a detailed assessment of all the facts about your case. Their final decision will be based on these findings.

The trial starts when the investigation is finished.

Formal pleas of ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’ do not exist in Romanian trials. The defendant or lawyer also does not make an opening statement.

Proceedings can sometimes take time and delays may occur before a final decision is reached. Prisoners can sometimes remain in prison without having been sentenced for over a year. However, Romania is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights and the authorities should endeavour to ensure that trials are completed within a reasonable time.

Your lawyer will be able to provide more detailed information about your case and the Romanian judicial system.

The British embassy cannot interfere with the Romanian judicial system. It cannot ask for your case to be judged more quickly just because you are British, or ask the authorities to waive any penalties.

Choice of court

The public prosecutor decides which court will hear your case. This will depend on the seriousness of the alleged offence and the possible sentence if you are found guilty.

There is no jury system in Romania. Cases are heard by professional judges, either a single judge or, in some cases, a panel of judges.

Your lawyer will be able to explain which court is handling your case and what this means for you.

Completion of investigations

While you’re on remand before the trial, the police and public prosecutor will investigate the charges against you.

This can include things like:

• questioning you and the witnesses
• getting expert opinions
• getting police investigative summaries
• examining laboratory reports

The investigation stage is finished when the public prosecutor believes they have enough evidence to take you to trial or they decide to end the case and release you.

When the investigation is completed, the public prosecutor sends the indictment to a preliminary chamber judge (“judecător de cameră preliminară”). The judge will examine whether the charges are lawful and whether the evidence and procedures during the investigation were carried out correctly.

The preliminary chamber stage should normally last no more than 60 days. The judge may decide to:

• send the case back to the prosecutor
• allow the case to proceed to trial

Bill of indictment

If your case goes to trial you will be given the ‘bill of indictment’ (“rechizitoriu”). It will say:

• what you’re accused of
• which laws may have been broken
• what the evidence is

Your lawyer will usually have at least 20 days to review the indictment and submit any objections or applications.

If you believe the charges are incorrect, you can challenge them through your lawyer. You can also request that additional evidence be considered if it may support your case.

Start of your trial

Trials in Romania usually take place in public hearings, although in some cases the court may restrict access (for example to protect privacy or minors).

On the day of your trial, you will be taken to court where your case will be heard by a judge, together with the public prosecutor and your lawyer. If you do not speak Romanian, an interpreter will be provided.

At the start of the hearing, the charges against you will be read out. The judge will ensure that all parties are present, including any witnesses.

You will be informed of your right to make a statement or to remain silent. If you choose to speak, you will have the opportunity to respond to the allegations and present your version of events. Your lawyer will assist you throughout.

Taking evidence

Your hearing continues with the examination of evidence.

The court will examine all the evidence and materials in the case to establish the facts. All documents related to a case and further evidence must be submitted to the president of the court panel.

You are usually asked for your comments after each witness, expert or co-accused has been heard, and after documents are presented.

You may be asked to leave the courtroom if the court considers that a witness may not speak freely in your presence.

Examination of evidence

The court will examine all the evidence presented during the trial.

The preliminary chamber judge examines whether the evidence and proceedings were legally administered during the criminal investigation.

You and your lawyer will have the opportunity to comment on the evidence and challenge it if necessary.

Verdict

The judge will read out the verdict after the closing statements, either at the end of the hearing or at a later date. They will explain the reasons for the decision and how the law has been applied to your case.

Sentences

If you’re found guilty you’ll be given a sentence. Your sentence will depend on how serious the crime is. Your lawyer can tell you what or how long your sentence might be.

Sentences can include:

• time in prison
• fines
• a suspended sentence (a punishment outside prison during which you might need to meet certain conditions, for example do unpaid work, or you will be sent to prison)
• restriction of stay/entry on Romanian territory

If you are given a fine and do not pay it, you may be required to serve a prison sentence or carry out community work instead.

Foreign nationals may be subject to deportation after completing their sentence. This is not automatic, and a separate decision is usually made by the Romanian authorities.

Making an appeal

You can appeal against your conviction or your sentence.

Your lawyer can advise you on whether there are grounds for appeal, for example if:

• the facts were not correctly assessed
• the law was incorrectly applied
• the sentence is too severe

The prosecution may also appeal a judgment.

The process is sometimes slow (it can take up to a year) and can delay finalisation of the sentence. It is worth seeking a second opinion before deciding to appeal a sentence.

When you can appeal

You can usually appeal after the court has delivered its judgment. In most cases, appeals must be filed within a short time limit (often around 10 days from when the judgment is communicated to you). Your lawyer will advise you on the time limits that apply in your case.

How to appeal

You or your lawyer must submit an appeal to the court that issued the judgment. In practice, appeals are normally handled by your lawyer.

What happens when you appeal

A higher court will review your case. This may include a new hearing where the court examines the evidence and legal arguments again.

The enforcement of the judgment may be suspended until the appeal is decided. Your lawyer can advise you on how this applies in your case.

If you are already in pre-trial detention, you will usually remain in custody until the appeal is resolved, unless the court decides otherwise.

At the end of the appeal

If your appeal is successful, you may be acquitted or your sentence may be reduced.

If your appeal is not successful, the original decision will be upheld.

In some cases, further appeals or legal remedies may be possible. Your lawyer will be able to advise you on the options available.

Prison conditions in Romania

Prison conditions in Romania can be basic and vary between prisons. Some older prisons may have poorer conditions, and overcrowding can be an issue.

In most cases, you will share a cell with other prisoners. Cells usually have basic facilities such as beds, bedding, running water and a toilet, but standards may vary.

Most prisons provide access to outdoor exercise areas, medical care, a prison shop and some work or educational activities. However, these facilities may be limited depending on the prison, and conditions such as heating or ventilation may not always be adequate.

There are different prison regimes (closed, semi-open and open), which affect your level of movement, access to activities and supervision.

If you have concerns about your living conditions, you should raise them with prison staff or your lawyer. You can also contact the British Embassy for advice and support.

Letters and packages

Friends and family can send letters directly to the prison.

Letters should include your full name and the name and address of the prison.

There is usually no limit to the number of letters you can send or receive. Incoming mail may be checked by the prison authorities before being delivered.

Parcels cannot be sent directly to the prison by post. In most cases, parcels can only be handed to prison staff during visits.

The total weight of parcels that can be received is usually limited (for example up to 5 kg), but this may depend on the prison. You or your family should check the rules in advance.

Parcels sent via the embassy will not be forwarded to you.

Receiving packages

You may need permission from the prison to receive certain items. Rules on what you can receive can vary between prisons.

In most cases, parcels cannot be sent directly by post and must be handed to prison staff during visits.

Items such as food, alcohol, electronic devices and other restricted goods are generally not allowed.

You or your family should check with the prison in advance about what items are permitted, to avoid parcels being refused.

Stamps and stationery

Prisoners have the right to send and receive correspondence by post, subject to prison rules.

Stamps and stationery are usually purchased from the prison shop using your own funds.

If you do not have sufficient funds, you should speak to prison staff to see what support may be available.

Checks on your mail

Prison authorities may open and check your mail before it is given to you. This is for security reasons.

If you are on remand, your correspondence may be monitored more closely, and restrictions may apply if the authorities believe it could affect the investigation. You should avoid discussing your case in letters, unless you are writing to your lawyer.

Correspondence written in a foreign language may need to be translated before it is delivered, which can cause delays.

Correspondence between you and your lawyer should remain confidential.

If a letter is withheld, you should be informed. If you experience problems receiving mail, you should raise this with prison staff, your lawyer, or the British Embassy.

Telephone calls

The rules on telephone calls depend on the prison regime and the individual prison.

Telephone calls are usually made using prison telephones and are paid for using your prison account. You will normally need to register the telephone numbers you wish to call.

You are usually allowed to register up to 10 telephone numbers for calls.

This list can normally be updated by adding or removing numbers, but changes may take some time to be processed and approved by the prison administration.

Telephone calls on remand

If you are on remand, you can usually make telephone calls, but there may be restrictions depending on the stage of the investigation and the prison’s rules.

You will normally need to use an approved list of contact numbers. Calls are not free and must be paid from your prison account.

Telephone calls when sentenced

If you are sentenced, you can usually make both domestic and international telephone calls.

The number and duration of calls depend on your regime. Prisoners in open, semi-open and closed regimes can make up to 10 calls per day, with a maximum total duration of 60 minutes. Prisoners under maximum security may be limited to 3 calls per day, with a maximum total duration of 30 minutes

Approved contact lists can usually be updated periodically.

Video calls

In some instances, you may be allowed virtual visits by video call. To be eligible, you must not have received a recent in-person visit, as determined by the penitentiary. Approval depends on factors including whether you are subject to disciplinary procedures.

Medical and dental treatment

Your basic medical needs must be met while you’re detained in Romania.

Prison medical staff are responsible for overseeing the health and wellbeing of detainees. You should receive a medical assessment when you arrive in prison. The doctor will decide if you need treatment, medication or a special diet.

If you have requested an appointment but have not been seen in the expected timeframe and would like the British Embassy to follow up, you must call or write to the British Embassy directly. We require consent to raise this with the penitentiary.

Some medical treatments may require a temporary transfer to a prison hospital elsewhere in Romania. It is the responsibility of the Romanian authorities to determine the location of treatment.

Medical treatment is usually provided through the prison medical system or state hospitals. Treatment at a private hospital or clinic is generally not permitted unless there are exceptional circumstances and the required treatment cannot be provided by a prison hospital or state medical facility.

A special request would normally need to be submitted, and approval must be obtained from the prison director and relevant authorities before treatment at a private medical facility can be authorised.

Treatment for a new illness or condition

Speak to the prison guards or your social worker if you need medical or dental treatment.

The doctor might not visit every day in smaller prisons, so submit the request as soon as possible.

Prison doctors are often similar to UK GPs (general practitioners). If you have an unusual or complex condition, you might be referred to a specialist outside the prison.

Existing conditions

The British embassy can try to make sure the prison knows about any medical or dental issues you have if you want it to. It can also talk to your UK GP to help get your medical records sent to the prison.

You might be transferred to a hospital with a police guard if your condition cannot be treated in prison.

Drug and alcohol addiction

Support for drug or alcohol addiction may be available in some prisons. You should discuss this with the prison doctor or staff.

Mental health care

Talk to the prison psychologist or doctor as soon as possible if you feel you need treatment for your mental health. For example, you have depression or anxiety.

Some prisons may have access to psychologists or mental health support services. They may be able to provide treatment or recommend appropriate care. Requests to see a psychologist can usually be made in writing to the prison administration or prison director.

If you feel that your request has not been addressed within a reasonable time, the Embassy may be able to follow up with the prison authorities on your behalf. We would need your consent before doing so.

Emergency trips outside prison

You can apply for an emergency trip outside prison within Romania if an urgent matter comes up that cannot be postponed, like a funeral or critical illness of a relative.

You should speak to prison staff or your lawyer about how to submit a request. The decision will be made by the relevant authorities and is not guaranteed.

If approved, the trip will normally take place under supervision and at your own expense. The British Embassy cannot influence the decision.

Food and diet

Food is provided free of charge in prison, but it may be basic and limited in variety.

Meals are usually prepared within the prison and may include items such as soup, rice, beans, potatoes, pasta and meat.

The food provided may not always meet all dietary needs. If you have sufficient funds, you may be able to buy additional food from the prison shop.

Clean drinking water is generally available.

Special diets

You may be able to request a special diet for medical or religious reasons.

Requests should be made to the prison doctor or staff. Availability of specific diets may vary between prisons.

Prison shop

Each prison should have a shop which stocks additional food It also offers items such as chess sets and cleaning products. You can ask the shop to stock specific items it does not currently hold. All products must be purchased using personal funds.

Minimum access to the shop is once a week.

Showers and hygiene

You can shower every other day. You are responsible for maintaining cell cleanliness, including cleaning the toilets in the cells.

Work and study

You are legally entitled to work and study during your time in prison. Work and study conditions depend on the type of imprisonment, as well as your qualifications, skills, age, health condition, security requirements and the availability of training or working opportunities.

If you are interested in work or study, you normally have to make a written request to the prison director.

It can be difficult for prisons to supply work for all prisoners because there are usually not enough jobs for everyone who wants one.

Learning and development opportunities may vary from prison to prison. You should ask the prison authorities what is on offer.

Books, languages, activities and study

Speaking Romanian can help you understand what is happening, communicate your needs and reduce isolation during your time in prison.

Prison guards rarely speak English. Prisons do not provide specialised language classes for prisoners. UK nationals who are detained or serving a sentence in Romania can request language materials, including dictionaries and phrase books, from Prisoners Abroad. These will be sent by post.

Prison libraries rarely have books or magazines in English. Access to reading materials in English may be limited. Magazines and activity materials may usually be permitted, subject to the prison’s rules and security checks.

Books are generally not accepted by post, as they may be treated as parcels under prison regulations. You should check with the prison staff about what activities and materials are available to you.

Most prisons offer some opportunities for activities, although these may be limited. Facilities and resources can vary between prisons.

In some prisons, you may have access to a gym or exercise area, television or music (if you can afford a radio or TV where permitted) and basic recreational activities.

Courses and study

Prisoners have access to education, training and courses while in prison, although availability may vary between prisons.

You may be able to take part in general education classes, vocational training and literacy courses.

Under certain conditions, participation in educational activities may count towards a reduction of your sentence.

Access to courses and study materials depends on the prison, and you may need to speak Romanian to take part in most programmes.

You should ask prison staff about what courses and learning opportunities are available.

Exercise

Closed regime prisoners who are not working or participating in other activities are entitled to 3 hours of daily exercise.

All other prisoners, including those who are working, participating in education or psychological and social assistance programmes, and those under disciplinary measures or in solitary confinement, are entitled to at least one hour of exercise.

Clothing

The prison will provide clothing appropriate to the time of year you are in prison. You can have family or friends send you additional items of clothing and shoes. However, many prisoners prefer to wear personal clothing where permitted. Family or friends may sometimes be allowed to leave approved clothing items with the prison, subject to prison rules and security checks.

The prison authorities may refuse certain items of clothing, including clothing considered unsuitable or prohibited for security reasons. Rules can vary between prisons and prison regimes.

Religion

You are entitled to take part in religious services of your choice. You are allowed to receive visits from a priest or minister of your faith. Not all detention facilities are staffed by religious ministers.

Mobile phones

Mobile phones are strictly forbidden in Romanian prisons. You will be disciplined if you – or anyone visiting you – are found with one. This may include losing your job or affecting your release date (remission). Visits could also be suspended.

Your behaviour whilst in detention is taken into account when considering your application for conditional release.

Transferring to another prison

Transferring to a prison in the UK

You may be able to apply to transfer to a prison in the UK under the Council of Europe Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.

You may be eligible to transfer if you:

• are a British citizen or have close family ties with the UK (normally through permanent residence)
• are not awaiting trial – criminal proceedings in Romania must be complete
• have exhausted all appeals against your conviction and/or the length of your sentence, or have waived your right to appeal
• have at least six months of your sentence left to serve when you apply
• have no outstanding fines or other non-custodial penalties

The offence you were convicted of must also be a criminal offence in the part of the UK you wish to be transferred to: England, Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland.

A prisoner does not have an automatic right to transfer. The Romanian authorities may refuse your request. Even if Romania agrees to your transfer, the UK authorities may also refuse your request.

Transferring to a prison in Romania

Transfers to another prison within Romania are possible if the local prison director authorises the transfer.

If you have been convicted, you will be allocated to a prison to serve your sentence. Transfers to other prisons are only usually permitted where there are exceptional compassionate or medical reasons.

If you are interested in a transfer, you should apply to the prison director. You may also let the Embassy know, as it may be able to raise your request in writing with the prison authorities.

Early release

You can sometimes have your sentence reduced, especially if you are a first-time offender. Clemency or pardon is possible in some rare cases. You can also sometimes pay a fine instead of spending time in prison.

Reduction of sentence (remission)

In Romania, the law allows for the early release of prisoners under certain conditions.

You may be able to apply for early release (known as “eliberare condiționată”) once you have served a required portion of your sentence. This is usually:

• two thirds of your sentence, if the sentence is up to 10 years
• three quarters of your sentence, in other cases (but not more than 20 years)

For prisoners aged 60 or over, the required period may be shorter.

To be considered for early release, your behaviour in prison is important. Good behaviour and participation in work or activities will be taken into account.

Applications for early release are considered by the court, based on reports from the prison about your behaviour and your prospects of reintegration. Early release is not automatic and depends on your individual circumstances.

Your lawyer or prison staff can provide further information on your eligibility and help you with the application process.

Clemency or pardon

In Romania, clemency can be granted either collectively or individually.

Collective pardon or amnesty can only be granted by a law passed by Parliament. These are rare.

Individual pardon can be granted by the President of Romania.

Applications for pardon can be submitted by the prisoner, their lawyer and a family member or spouse.

The President may request an opinion from the Ministry of Justice before making a decision.

Individual pardons are granted very rarely and are usually considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as serious medical or humanitarian cases.

Release and deportation

You can contact the British embassy if you need help when you’re released. You will usually be deported.

Whether you are released and allowed to remain in Romania or subject to deportation will depend on your individual circumstances, including the offence and your residence status. Deportation is common for foreign nationals, but it is not automatic in all cases.

The Director of the prison submits the release order to the relevant authorities. Upon release, the prison notifies the competent Romanian Immigration authorities (Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrări – IGI), which are responsible for assessing your immigration status and any deportation or removal measures.

In practice, foreign nationals who are subject to removal are usually transferred into the custody/process of the immigration authorities following release from prison.

You and/or your lawyer may submit representations or applications to remain in Romania, depending on your circumstances and legal basis for stay. Any decision regarding deportation, tolerated stay, or permission to remain is ultimately taken by the Romanian immigration authorities under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Before a final decision is made, the authorities may arrange a hearing. At this stage, you and/or your lawyer may have the opportunity to present arguments if you wish to remain in Romania. If the request to remain is refused, the case may be referred to the Ministry of the Interior for a final decision.

If deportation is approved, you may be transferred to the custody of the migration authorities following release. From there, arrangements will be made for your departure from Romania.

If you have strong reasons to remain in Romania (for example, long-term residence or family ties), you should discuss this with your lawyer well in advance of your release.

Deportation

If you are not resident in Romania, you will usually be subject to deportation after completing your sentence. However, this is decided on a case-by-case basis and is not automatic in every situation.

A formal decision will be taken by the Romanian authorities, and in some cases you may be given the opportunity to present reasons why you should be allowed to remain in the country. If you believe you have grounds to stay (for example, family ties or long-term residence), you should discuss this with your lawyer well in advance of your release.

You may be issued with a ban on re-entering Romania for a period of time. The length of any entry restriction will depend on your individual circumstances and the decision of the authorities. For further information, you should ask your lawyer or the prison administration to liaise with the relevant immigration authorities before your release.

If deportation is approved, you may be transferred to the custody of the migration authorities following your release, where arrangements will be made for your departure from Romania.

Your prison social worker may be able to help you prepare for release, including contacting your family or making practical arrangements.

When you are released, you should normally be given any money you have earned while working in prison, as well as any personal funds held on your account.

You can contact the British Embassy if you need assistance when you are released. We can provide information and signpost support, including organisations such as Prisoners Abroad.

Flights to the UK

Once deportation has been approved, the Romanian authorities will usually organise the removal process. This can sometimes take time to arrange.

In most cases, the authorities will coordinate the transfer to the airport and travel arrangements. Travel may be either unaccompanied or with police escort, depending on the circumstances.

You should ensure that you have a valid passport before arrangements are made. If you do not have one, you should contact the British Embassy as soon as possible to apply for an Emergency Travel Document.

You or your family may be required to arrange or pay for the flight, depending on the circumstances. You should discuss this with the authorities handling your case and your lawyer.

If you do not have sufficient funds, you should raise this with the authorities. In some cases, you may be able to apply for an emergency loan from the UK government to assist with your return. This must be repaid.

The British Embassy cannot pay for flights.

Getting a passport

Make sure your British passport is still in date. Contact the British embassy or consulate before you’re released if you need an emergency passport for your journey home.

Useful Romanian words and phrases

Important phrases

• I would like to see a doctor / Aș dori să văd un medic
• I would like to visit a social worker / Aș dori să vorbesc cu un asistent social
• I would like to contact the consulate / Aș dori să contactez consulatul
• I would like to contact my lawyer / Aș dori să contactez avocatul meu

Useful legal terms

A

Abrogation (annulment / cassation)	Abrogare (anulare/casare)
Access to file (by Lawyer)	Acces la dosar (al avocatului)
Accomplice	Complice
Accused (with charges)	Acuzat
Acquitted	Achitat
Adjudication	Condamnare / sentinta
Administration of justice	Administrarea justitiei
Amnesty	Amnistie
Anti Narcotics Police Station	Sectia de Narcotice
Appeal	Apel
Appeal for error	Contestatie
Appeal or complaint	Apel sau plangere
Application	Cerere
Application forms (prison)	Formulare de cerere (in inchisoare)
Army	Armata
Assessment of evidence	Evaluarea probelor (probe materiale, marturii si documente)

B

Blood test	Analiza de sange
Board of prison governors	Comisie penitenciara

C

Cell	Celula
Charge	Acuzatie
Chief Prosecutor	Procuror sef
Civil party in criminal trial	Parte civila in proces penal
Clemency	Clementa
Complaints system	Sistemul de plangeri / cereri
Completed file	Dosar finalizat/complet
Compulsory prosecution	Instrumentare din oficiu
Consent	Consimtamant
Convicted	Condamnat
Conviction	Condamnare/ sentinta
Corporal	Caporal
Country ban (order issued which prohibits a person who has been deported or expelled from returning)	Interdictie de intrare in tara
Court appearance	Infatisare la tribunal
Court file reference	Numar de inregistrare a dosarului
Courthouse	Tribunal/ judecatorie
Criminal code	Cod penal
Criminal code procedure	Cod de procedura penala
Criminal Court	Tribunal penal
Criminal prosecution	Instrumentare penala
Criminal record	Cazier judiciar
Custody hearing	Audiere de arestare preventiva
Custody order	Ordin de arestare preventiva

D

Danger of absconding	Pericol de evadare
Danger of interfering with the course of justic	Pericol de interferenta cu procesul judiciar
Danger of repeated criminal offences	Pericol de recidiva
Deportation	Deportare
Deportation order	Ordin de deportare
Dismiss charges	Neinceperea urmaririi penale
Duty of obedience	Indatorire de supunere

E

Early freedom	Eliberare anticipata
Escort	Escorta
Expert Witness	Martor expert
Expulsion	Expulzare
Extradition	Extradare

F

Fever	Febra
File	Dosar
Final public trial	Proces public final
Food poisoning	Toxiinfectie alimentara

G

Greater Criminal Court	Tribunal penal superior
Guarding (a prison)	Paza (unei inchisori)
Guilty	Vinovat

H

Hand cuffed	Incatusat/ in catuse
Hearing (first)	Prima audiere
High Court	Curtea Suprama de Justitie
Higher Regional Court	Tribunal regional
Human rights	Drepturile omului
Hunger strike	Greva foamei

I

Imprisoned	Detinut / inchis
Imprisonment	Detentie
Imprisonment after conviction	Detentie dupa condamnare
Indictment	Punere sub acuzare
Insubordination to officer	Nesupunerea fata de un ofiter
Interpreter	Interpret/ translator
Investigation	Ancheta/ investigatie

J

Jeopardise	Punere in pericol
Judge	Judecator
Judgement	Judecata/ verdict
Judgement Final and enforceable	Verdict final si irevocabil
Judicial Police	Politia judiciara
Jurisdiction (Criminal) Entities	Organe de jurisdictie penala: Curtea suprema de Justitie (CSJ)/ Judecatorie
Juvenile prison	Centru de detentie pentru minori

L

Lawyer	Avocat
Lawyers´charges	Onorariul avocatului
Lay Judges	Judecatori civili
Lay Judges Court	Tribunal de judecatori civili
Legal Aid / Pro Bono Lawyer	Aparator din oficiu
Legal Clerk	Functionar/ grefier
Legal remedy	Solutie juridica
Local prison rules	Regulile penitenciarului local
Local State Court	Tribunal penal

M

Major offence	Delict grav
Malnutrition	Malnutritie
Marital Visit	Vizita conjugala
Minimal (guilt)	Culpabilitate minima
Ministry of Justice	Ministerul Justitiei
Minor offence	Delict minor
Misdemeanour	Contraventie
Mistreatment/ Torture	Rele tratamente/ tortura
Money earned in prison	Bani castigati in inchisoare

N

Notary

Notar

O

Officer of the Court	Functionar al Curtii
Opposition	Opozitie
Out-of-court settlement	Intelegere in afara Curtii

P

Parole (conditional release)	Eliberare conditionata
Pay off debts	Plata datoriilor
Penal order	Regulament penal
Penal proceeding	Procedura penala
Penitentiary system	Sistemul penitenciar
Permanent (indefinite) detention	Detentie permanenta (pe perioada nedeterminat
Permit, entitlement	Permisiune, acord
Personal money in prison	Bani personali in inchisoare
Physical examination	Control medical
Plaintiff	Reclamant
Police Headquarters	Sediul politiei
Police Officer	Ofiter de politie
Power of Attorney	Imputernicire
Preliminary detention	Detentie preliminara
Presiding Judge	Judecator prezident
Presumption of innocence	Prezumtia de nevinovatie
Preventive detention	Detentie preventiva
Prison	Inchisoare/ penitenciar
Prison administration	Administratia penitenciarului
Prison Assessment Unit	Departamentul de evaluare penitenciara
Prison court	Tribunal penitenciar
Prison Director	Directorul penitenciarului
Prison house rules	Regulamentul intern al penitenciarului
Prison rules regarding supervised visit	Regulile  penitenciarului  cu  privire  la  vizitele asistate
Prison Warden	Gardian
Prisoners	Detinuti
Private prosecution	Instrumentare privata
Procedural complaint	Plangere procedurala
Proceedings	Proceduri
Proof of evidence	Dovezi
Prosecution	Instrumentare
Prosecutor (Public)	Procuror
Provision	Prevedere
Public Prosecutor’s Office	Biroul Procurorului General
Punishment cell	Carcera

R

Raids	Razii
Register (in State)	Registru
Rehabilitation	Reabilitare
Release	Eliberare
Release order	Ordin de eliberare
Remand (sending a person accused of an offence into custody to await trial)	Detentie provizorie
Remand prison	Centru de detentie provizorie
Remedy of appeal	Solutie de apel
Remission	Punere in libertate
Repatriation	Repatriere
Representative of the Local Authority	Reprezentant al autoritatii locale
Riot	Revolta
Riot squad	Forte de ordine
Roll call	Verificare prezenta (morning and night)
Romanian Police	Politia Romana
Romanian Prison Service	Directia Generala a Penitenciarelor

S

Security	Siguranta
Small Police Station	Sectie de politie
Social Worker	Asistent social
State officials including prison Warders	Oficiali de stat, inclusiv gardieni
Statute of Judicial Organisation	Statutul institutiei juridice
Stomach bugs	Infectie digestiva
Strike	Greva
Sufficient suspicion	Dovezi suficiente
Surety   (money   required   for   a   remand prisoner to be released on bail)	Cautiune
Suspended sentence	Sentinta suspendata

T

Temporary detention	Detentie temporara
The accused	Acuzatul
To buy	A cumpara
To change money	A schimba bani
To deport	Deportare
To file an application	Depunerea unei cereri
Transfer Agreement (Strasbourg Convention)	“Conventia    de    Tranfer    al    Detinutilor”  - Conventia de la Strassbourg (repatriere)
Transfer to another prison	Transfer catre alta inchisoare
Treason	Inalta tradare

V

Valid or legal	Valid sau legal
Visit permit	Permis de vizitare
Warden	Gardian
Wing	Aripa

Numbers

0	zero
1	unu
2	doi
3	trei
4	patru
5	cinci
6	șase
7	șapte
8	opt
9	nouă
10	zece

Food

Food	Mâncare
Water	Apă
Bread	Pâine
Meat	Carne
Chicken	Pui
Fish	Pește
Rice	Orez
Vegetables	Legume
Fruit	Fructe
Apple	Măr
Banana	Banană
Beans	Fasole
Milk	Lapte
Tea	Ceai
Coffee	Cafea
Juice	Suc
Egg	Ou
Sausage	Cârnat
Jam	Gem / Dulceață
Sugar	Zahăr
Hungry	Flămând

Greetings

Good Morning	Bună dimineața
Good Day	Bună ziua
Good Night	Noapte bună
Day	Zi
Night	Noapte
Goodbye	La revedere
Hello	Salut
Hello	Bună
Thank you	Mulțumesc

People

Baby	Bebeluș
Boy	Băiat
Child	Copil
Father	Tată
Girl	Fată
Husband	Soț
Mother	Mamă
Wife / Woman	Soție / Femeie

Emergencies

Doctor	Medic
Dentist	Dentist
Pain	Durere
Today	Astăzi
Tomorrow	Mâine
Tonight	În această seară
Monthly	Lunar
Year	An
Week	Săptămână
Month	Lună

Months

January	Ianuarie
February	Februarie
March	Martie
April	Aprilie
May	Mai
June	Iunie
July	Iulie
August	August
September	Septembrie
October	Octombrie
November	Noiembrie
December	Decembrie

Days

Monday	Luni
Tuesday	Marți
Wednesday	Miercuri
Thursday	Joi
Friday	Vineri
Saturday	Sâmbătă
Sunday	Duminică

Times of the year

Spring	Primăvară
Summer	Vară
Autumn	Toamnă
Winter	Iarnă
Sun	Soare
Rain	Ploaie
Snow	Zăpadă
Fog	Ceață
Warm	Cald
Cold	Rece
Hot	Fierbinte

Grammar

I	Eu
You (friendly)	Tu
He	El
She	Ea
It	El / Ea (pentru obiecte)
We	Noi
You (polite)	Dumneavoastră
They	Ei / Ele

Your (friendly)	Al tău / A ta
Me	Pe mine
My	Al meu / A mea
His	Al lui
Her	A ei
Our	Al nostru
Your (polite)	Al dumneavoastră

Useful verbs

to be	a fi
to work	a lucra
to send	a trimite
to borrow	a împrumuta
to clean	a curăța
to close	a închide
to come	a veni
to drink	a bea
to give	a da
to go	a merge
to have	a avea
to receive	a primi
to be released	a fi eliberat
to visit	a vizita
to shower	a face duș
to sleep	a dormi
to smoke	a fuma
to stop	a opri / a se opri
to use	a folosi
to wake up	a se trezi
to walk	a merge pe jos
to want	a vrea

General

Bed	Pat
Blanket	Pătură
Book	Carte
Cell	Celulă
Chocolate	Ciocolată
Cigarettes	Țigări
Clothes	Haine
Coffee	Cafea
Cold	Rece
Crisps / Chips	Chipsuri
Cup	Cană
Cutlery	Tacâmuri
Debt	Datorii
Door	Ușă
Ear	Ureche
Envelope	Plic
Eyes	Ochi
Fork	Furculiță
Hair	Păr
Haircut	Tuns
Head	Cap
Hot	Fierbinte
Inside	Interior
Juice	Suc
Knife	Cuțit
Later	Mai târziu
Magazines	Reviste
Mattress	Saltea
Money	Bani
Mouth	Gură
New	Nou
Nose	Nas
Now	Acum
Old	Vechi
Open	A deschide
Outside	Afară
Paper	Hârtie
Pen	Pix
Pillow	Pernă
Plate	Farfurie
Pullover	Pulover
Rain	Ploaie
Shampoo	Șampon
Shirt	Cămașă
Shoe	Pantof
Shower gel	Gel de duș
Socks	Șosete
Spoon	Lingură
Stamps	Timbre
Sun	Soare
Tea	Ceai
Toiletries	Articole de toaletă
Trousers	Pantaloni
Weather	Vreme

Published 30 June 2026