Official Statistics

Sustainable Farming Incentive action uptake data October 2025

Published 13 November 2025

Applies to England

Main messages

• At 1st October 2025, there were 44,500 active Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) agreements in England.

• The ITL2 areas with the highest SFI uptake are Devon, East Anglia and North Yorkshire. Uptake is lowest in ITL2 regions with large urban areas - London, the West Midlands, Merseyside and Greater Manchester.

• The most popular SFI actions, excluding the management payment, are planning actions (SAM1, NUM1, IPM1, HRW1) and the management actions LIG1 and SAM3 . See here for more details on SFI actions.

• The SFI actions that have had the greatest increase in agreements from Jul 2025 to October 2025, excluding the management payment, are “Assess soil, produce a soil management plan, and test soil organic matter” (CSAM1) with an increase of 800 agreements and “Manage grassland with very low nutrient inputs - outside SDAs or within SDAs” (CLIG3) with an increase of 700 agreements.

• The action covering the most land area in the SFI expanded offer is “Assess soil, produce a soil management plan and test soil organic matter” (CSAM1), covering 999,000 hectares. The action covering the most land area in SFI23 is “Assess soil, produce a soil management plan and test soil organic matter” (SAM1), covering 2,890,000 hectares. Together these actions cover 44% of the utilised agricultural area (UAA) of England.

• Excluding planning actions, the action covering the most land area in SFI23 is “No use of insecticide on arable crops and permanent crops” (IPM4), covering 738,000 hectares. The action covering the most land area in the SFI expanded offer, excluding planning actions, is PRF1 (Variable rate application of nutrients), covering 534,000 hectares of land.

• There are 340,000 hectares of land in actions that temporarily take land out of production, which is 3.9% of UAA.

Background

The Sustainable Farming Incentive scheme 2023 (SFI23) was launched in October  2023. Data on uptake of this scheme was first published in April 2024 and is published quarterly. The scheme closed to new applications in June 2024 and was succeeded by the Sustainable Farming Incentive expanded offer. This is the fourth release to contain data from both schemes.

SFI23 was closed to new agreements in June 2024. The SFI expanded offer opened on 31st May 2024 using a “phased rollout”, where applicants need to register their interest with RPA and are then invited to apply.

SFI Uptake

On 1st October 2025, there were 44,500 SFI active agreements in England. This was made up of 25,200 agreements in SFI23 and 19,300 agreements in the SFI expanded offer.

This figure shows uptake of SFI per ITL1 area. The accompanying dataset gives uptake per ITL2 area. More information about ITLs (International Territorial Levels) can be found here. 

Numbers have been rounded so may not sum to totals. Agreements where region is unknown have been excluded.

Figure 1: A heatmap of English regions showing SFI uptake

Text description of Figure 1: A heatmap of English regions showing SFI uptake, showing London as having the least number of agreements and the South West region having the most.

Source: SFI uptake data October 2025

Source: Eurostat Geographic Information System

Table 1: Number of SFI agreements per English region

Region (England)	Number of agreements
North East	2,600
North West	4,800
Yorkshire and the Humber	5,700
East Midlands	5,300
West Midlands	5,000
East of England	5,500
London	160
South East	4,300
South West	10,900

The highest number of SFI agreements is seen in Devon, followed by East Anglia and North Yorkshire. The lowest numbers are in areas with large urban centres, such as London, West Midlands (Birmingham), Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The number of agreements per region will be affected by the number of eligible businesses per region, as well as the predominant type of farming activity.

Figure 2: Chart showing agreement uptake per quarter

Text description of Figure 2: A bar chart showing total SFI agreement uptake per quarter. The number of agreements has increased from 25,200 SFI23 agreements and 900 SFI expanded offer agreements in October 2024 to 19,300 SFI expanded offer agreements  in October 2025. The number of SFI23 agreements has stayed the same as this scheme closed to new applicants in June 2024.

Source: SFI uptake data October 2025

Excluding the management payment, the most popular action in terms of both agreements and land area is SAM1 (Assess soil, test soil organic matter and produce a soil management plan) in SFI23 with 18,500 agreements. Similarly, CSAM1 (Assess soil, test soil organic matter and produce a soil management plan) in the SFI expanded offer is the most popular action, with 9,200 agreements.

If we exclude planning and assessment actions, the action that covers the most area in SFI23 is IPM4 (“No use of insecticide on arable crops and permanent crops”), with 738,000 hectares. The action in the SFI expanded offer that covers the most land is PRF1 (Variable rate application of nutrients), covering 999,000 hectares. These actions can cover large areas of land and may have potential benefits to farm productivity or efficiency.

There are a number of actions that currently have low or no uptake in the SFI expanded offer. Many of these actions have limited eligibility, including actions that can only be carried out on moorland or certain land types such as rough grazing.

  Actions that take land out of production

Table 2: Area covered by actions that may take land out of production

Month	Area (hectares)	Percentage of UAA
April 2024	149,000	1.7
Jul 2025	246,000	2.8
October 2024	266,000	3.0
January 2025	286,000	3.2
April 2025	312,000	3.5
October 2025	340,000	3.9

In October 2025, there were 340,000 hectares of land in actions that temporarily take land out of production. This is 3.9% of UAA. Some of these actions can be done on fallow land, which would not be producing food in that year, so the amount of land taken out of production is likely to be slightly lower than this number. In extremis, almost all of this land could be brought back into production within one growing season.

Actions that take land out of production are:

• CIPM2: Flower-rich grass margins, blocks, or in-field strips (IPM2 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CAHL1: Pollen and nectar flower mix (AHL1 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CAHL2: Winter bird food on arable and horticultural land (AHL2 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CAHL3: Grassy field corners or blocks (AHL3 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CAHL4: 4m to 12m grass buffer strip on arable and horticultural land (AHL4 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CNUM3: Legume fallow (NUM3 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CIGL1: Take improved grassland field corners or blocks out of management (IGL1 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CIGL2: Winter bird food on improved grassland (IGL2 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• CIGL3: 4m to 12m grass buffer strip on improved grassland (IGL3 in the SFI 2023 offer)
• WBD3: In-field grass strips
• AHW1: Bumblebird mix
• AHW9: Unharvested cereal headland
• AHW11: Cultivated areas for arable plants
• BFS1: 12m to 24m watercourse buffer strip on cultivated land
• BFS2: Buffer in-field ponds on arable land
• BFS3: Buffer in-field ponds on improved grassland
• BFS4: Protect in-field trees on arable land
• BFS5: Protect in-field trees on intensive grassland
• BFS6: 6m to 12m habitat strip next to watercourses

About these statistics

Data

These statistics are created using Rural Payments Agency data.

Revisions policy

This release has no scheduled revisions. Unscheduled revisions will follow the Defra policy on revisions and corrections.

Future publications

The next release of these statistics will be in February 2025.  All previously published data is available at here. 

Definitions 

The Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI)

The Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) scheme offers payments to land managers for carrying out activities that benefit the environment on their land. The SFI Pilot launched in 2021, followed by a limited rollout of the full scheme in 2022 (SFI22). All agreements from SFI22 closed on 31st March 2023 and many agreement holders started to new agreements in SFI23. SFI23 was opened in October 2023  and was open to applications until June 2024, when it was superseded by the SFI expanded offer.  The information presented here relates to SFI23 and the SFI expanded offer.

Information about the SFI expanded offer can be found here

Actions

Actions are activities that land managers can carry out on their land, such as “Multi-species winter cover crops”, or “Manage hedgerows”. SFI23 had 24 actions that could be selected.

Details of SFI23 actions can be found here

The expanded offer has 107 actions, which includes all the SFI23 actions and some actions previously in the Countryside Stewardship Mid Tier scheme. Some expanded offer actions are the same as in SFI23, but are prefixed with a “C” in the expanded offer. For example, SAM1 and CSAM1 are both “Assess soil, produce a soil management plan and test soil organic matter”, and have the same requirements.

Where actions have been referred to in the body of the text, quotation marks have been used for the action description for clarity.

Action Groups

Actions are grouped to show actions that have a similar theme. These groups were developed by Defra.

Funding Type

Funding type shows whether the action is a revenue action or a capital item. Revenue items mean the agreement holder is paid for ongoing work, such as setting aside land for wildlife for several years. Capital items mean the agreement holder receives a single payment, such as claiming the cost of sheep netting.

Official status

Official statistics are statistics produced by Crown bodies and other organisations included on one of the Official Statistics Orders, on behalf of the UK government and devolved administrations. These are official statistics, guided by the UK Statistics Authority’s Code of Practice for Statistics.

Contact details

Katie Killick

Email: FCPStatsandReporting@defra.gov.uk