Accredited official statistics

National Insurance numbers allocated to adult overseas nationals to March 2025

Published 22 May 2025

This publication contains statistics on National Insurance Numbers (NINos) allocated to adult non-UK overseas nationals to March 2025.

These Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) statistics show a count, by individual nationality, of the number of NINos registered to adult non-UK nationals, irrespective of the length of stay in the UK. The statistics are not a count of quarterly or annual migration or the number of adult nationals currently residing in the UK. The statistics only show the nationality of the individual at the point of registration.

The narrative in this publication focuses on the number of registrations 12 month ending totals, at quarterly intervals, rather than the numbers of registrations each quarter. The benefit of this is that it allows us to focus on trends over longer periods of time, plus, quarterly numbers can often be influenced by seasonal effects and various changes to policy. Both quarterly and annual numbers are available via Stat-Xplore

Statistical Trends

When observing statistical trends in this release, it is helpful to understand the context of world events during the period covered by the statistics. Changing make-up of constituent nation states within the EU, with nations joining the EU, and the UK’s EU exit, as well as global conflicts such as the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, impacts of the pandemic and subsequent changes to the travel rules because of government migration policies and COVID-19 have all had an impact on the trends seen in the time series. For more information on world events that may have influenced statistical trends, see background information and methodology note.

Figures within this release have been rounded in line with our rounding policy. Figures in the text, charts and tables within this bulletin may not sum due to rounding. Figures in the graphs are plotted using unrounded numbers. 

1. Main stories

The main stories are:

• for the year ending (YE) March 2025 there were 640,000 NINo registrations from non-UK adult overseas nationals. This compares to 1 million registrations for the YE March 2024

• The majority of registrations for the YE March 2025 were from non-EU nationals with 570,000 compared to 60,000 registrations from EU nationals and 10,000 registrations from unknown nationalities.

• numbers of registrations from both EU and non-EU nationals experienced a fall in the YE to March 2025. Non-EU registrations fell from 910,000 at YE March 2024 to 570,000 at YE March 2025, while EU registrations fell from 78,000 at YE March 2024 to 60,000 at YE March 2025

• for the YE March 2025, the nationality with the highest number of registrations from non-EU nationals was India with 140,000, followed by Pakistan with 67,000 registrations

• for the YE March 2025 the nationality with the highest number of registrations from EU nationals was Ireland with 11,000, followed by Romania with 8,100 registrations

2. What you need to know

The two main methods of applying for a NINo are:

• directly to DWP at GOV.UK via Apply for a NINo (AfN)

• via the Home Office when an application for a visa is made 

Apply for a Nino (AfN) is a digital NINo application service where users can apply for a NINo on-line, the service is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. For more information on how these processes work see the background information and methodology note.

EU groupings used within migration statistics

The following EU groupings are used in the statistics:

• EU14 (these are the original EU members: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden)

• EU8 (these joined the EU in 2004: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia)

• EU2 (these joined the EU in 2007: Romania & Bulgaria)

• EU Other (Croatia, Cyprus, and Malta)

For reporting purposes, other European nationalities not in the EU are labelled ‘other Europe’ and are classified as non-EU. This includes countries such as Ukraine. For a full list of world areas and their sub-groups and nationalities, see the background information and methodology note.

3. How many people are registering?

Year End (YE) NINo registration totals for EU and non-EU nationals: to YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Figures in the graph show 12 month ending totals, plotted at quarterly intervals. The values on the right of each plotted line show the total number of NINo registrations for the latest year end.

For more information on time point descriptions, please see background information and methodology note.

From the beginning of this statistical series, the annual number of non-UK overseas NINo registrations fluctuated, but gradually increased to 920,000 registrations for YE June 2015.  Following this peak, numbers fluctuated, falling to 620,000 in YE September 2018 then rising to 760,000 in YE March 2020, before falling to a record low for YE March 2021 with 230,000 registrations.

Total registrations then continued to rise until YE June 2023, where it reached 1.1 million and remained at 1.1 million until YE December 2023. Since then, YE total registrations for each quarter have continued to fall and now stand at 640,000 in YE March 2025.

The majority of registrations for YE March 2025 were from non-EU nationals at 570,000 (89%) compared to 60,000 (9%) from EU nationals. The remaining 10,000 (2%) were from unknown nationalities. These are similar proportions to the previous YE March 2024 when majority of registration were from non-EU nationals at 910,000 (91%) compared with 78,000 (8%) from EU nationals, and 16,000 (2%) from unknown nationalities.

Since YE June 2005, NINo registrations from EU nationalities were always in the majority, apart from a short period between YE March 2010 and YE December 2010, when non-EU nationalities had slightly more registrations than EU. However, since YE September 2020, there have consistently been more NINo registrations from non-EU nationals, than EU nationals.

4. Where in the world are people registering from?

Percentage of NINo registrations by EU/non-EU nationality group: Year End (YE) March 2021 to YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Percentages are calculated using unrounded data and then rounded to the nearest whole number. Therefore, percentages in charts may not add up to 100 and percentages quoted in text may not reflect the sum of percentages shown in the charts.

For YE March 2025, 89% of NINos registered from overseas nationals were from non-EU nationals, compared with 91% for YE March 2024 and 69% for YE March 2021. The proportion of non-EU NINo registrations for the last 12 months decreased slightly for the first time since YE March 2021. Falling slightly by 2% from YE March 2024 to YE March 2025.

Although there has been a small rise of 2% since YE March 2024 to YE March 2025, the proportion of NINo registrations from EU nationals (not including EU other) has fallen overall from 31% in YE March 2021 to 10% for YE March 2025.

The overall fall of EU NINo registrations since YE March 2021 is evident in most EU groups with EU14 falling from 15% at YE March 2021 to 7% at YE March 2025, EU2 falling from 12% at YE March 2021 to 2% at YE March 2025 and EU8 falling from 4% at YE March 2021 to 1% at YE March 2025.

5. EU NINo Registrations

Year end (YE) NINo registration totals by EU nationality group: to YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Figures in the graph show 12 month ending totals, plotted at quarterly intervals.

For more information on time point descriptions, please see the background information and methodology note.

Registrations from EU14 nationalities gradually increased from 2002 until they peaked at 260,000 in YE June 2015, before declining to 160,000 at YE December 2018, following the EU Exit referendum in June 2016. Numbers then began to increase slightly until YE December 2019, then declined rapidly until YE March 2021 (35,000). Registrations from EU14 nationalities increased to 100,000 at YE March 2022 but have since fallen to 42,000 at YE March 2025. The EU14 group has had the largest number of registrations of all the EU groups since YE March 2019.

Registrations from EU8 nationalities drove the sharp rise in EU NINo registrations in 2004, when countries from the EU8 joined the EU. EU8 nationalities registrations peaked for the YE September 2007 at 340,000 registrations, after which numbers declined until YE March 2010 to 150,000. After a period of volatility, EU8 registrations again generally declined since the EU Exit referendum in 2016 to 8,500 registrations at YE March 2021. Registrations then increased gradually to YE March 2022 to reach 23,000 but have since decreased to 5,500 registrations at YE March 2025.

Registrations from EU2 nationals were relatively low until the removal of restrictions on work for EU2 nationals drove the sharp increase in EU registrations in 2014. Some of these reflected individuals who were residing in the UK prior to 2014 and would only have been able to register for a NINo after that date. EU2 nationals registrations peaked in the YE December 2016, with 230,000 registrations, then declined gradually until YE March 2020 (160,000). Following this, registrations declined steeply until YE March 2021 when they had fallen to 28,000. Registrations began to increase slightly to 49,000 for YE March 2023 but have since declined, falling to 11,000 at YE March 2025.

NINo registrations from EU ‘other’ have remained consistently low throughout the timeseries and there were only 1,300 registrations for YE March 2025.

Percentage of EU Registrations by EU nationality group: Year End (YE) March 2021 to YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Percentages are calculated using unrounded data and then rounded to the nearest whole number. Therefore, percentages in charts may not add up to 100 and percentages quoted in text may not reflect the sum of percentages shown in the charts.

The majority of registrations from EU nationals over the last 5 years have been from those in the EU14 subgroup. The percentage as a proportion of registrations has increased for the EU14 group, 71% at YE March 2025 when compared to 49% at YE March 2021. EU-other has remained relatively stable while EU8 and EU2 has fallen when compared to YE March 2021.

Registrations from nationalities in the EU2 group have the second highest proportion of registrations of all the EU groups with 18% at YE March 2025. The percentage at YE March 2021 was 38%.

Registrations from EU8 account for 9% of EU registrations for YE March 2025. The percentage at YE March 2021 was 12%.

Registrations from EU ‘other’ remain very low and account for only 2% of EU registrations for YE March 2025.

Top five EU nationalities by total NINo registrations for year-end (YE) March 2024 and YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Each nationality in the top five EU nationalities for YE March 2025 shows a reduced number of NINo registrations when compared to figures from YE March 2024.

For YE March 2025, Ireland is the EU nationality with the highest number of registrations (11,000), however has fallen by 1,000 registrations since a year earlier, when the number of registrations was 12,000 for YE March 2024. Ireland is part of the Common Travel Area (CTA) which allows British and Irish citizens to move freely and reside in either jurisdiction. See the background information and methodology note for further details.

Registrations from those with a Romanian nationality are the second highest number of registrations (8,100) for YE March 2025, decreasing from 15,000 registrations for the YE March 2024, when they were the Nationality with the most registrations.

For YE March 2025, those with a French nationality had the third highest number of registrations (5,500). In YE March 2024, French nationals had the fourth highest number of registrations at 6,200.

For YE March 2025, NINo registrations from Italian nationals were the fourth highest at 5,400, followed by Spanish nationals in fifth position with 4,800.

Timeseries showing YE totals of NINo registrations for the top five EU nationalities at YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Figures in the graph show 12 month ending totals, plotted at annual intervals.

Figures for the top five EU nationalities at YE March 2025 shows Irish nationals have the highest number of registrations at 11,000. Registrations increased from 1,300 at YE March 2021 to 14,000 at YE March 2022.This number has since fallen to 11,000 at YE March 2025.

Romania has the second highest number of registrations at 8,100. Registrations for Romania were 21,000 in YE March 2021 and rose to 40,000 at YE March 2022. This has since fallen steeply to 8,100 registrations at YE March 2025.

French registrations are the third highest at YE March 2025 at 5,500, a slight increase from 3,500 at YE March 2021. Registrations rose to 11,00 in YE March 2022, then fell to 6,200 at YE March 2024, and 5,500 at YE March 2025.

Italian nationals have the fourth highest numbers of EU registrations at YE March 2025 at 5,400 falling from 9,300 at YE March 2021. Numbers increased at YE March 2022 to 19,000, decreasing to 11,000 at YE March 2023, before falling to 6,500 at YE March 2024, and 5,400 at YE March 2025.

Spanish registrations are the fifth highest at YE March 2025 at 4,800, a fall from 7,000 for YE March 2021. Registrations increased to 16,000 at YE March 2022, then decreased to 11,000 at YE March 2023, falling further to 6,100 at YE March 2024 and 4,800 at YE March 2025.

6. Non-EU registrations

Year End (YE) NINo registration totals by non-EU nationality group: to YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Figures in the graph show 12 month ending totals, plotted at quarterly intervals.

For more information on time point descriptions, please see background information and methodology note.

Since the timeseries began, NINo registrations from Asian nationals have always been the highest of all registrations from the non-EU groups, peaking at YE December 2010 with 220,000, but then declining to 75,000 at YE June 2014. Registrations then remained stable until YE December 2018 before gradually increasing to 190,000 at YE March 2020. Registrations then fell to 100,000 at YE March 2021, then increased steeply to 560,000 at YE March 2024, but have since decreased to 380,000 at YE March 2025.

Registrations from African nationals remained relatively stable before peaking in YE March 2006 with 74,000 registrations, after which the number of registrations continued to decline until YE June 2014, when they decreased to 27,000. Registrations from Africa were then stable, until they started to increase from YE December 2018 to reach 56,000 at YE March 2020 before falling to 31,000 at YE March 2021. Numbers of registrations have since risen steeply to 230,000 at YE March 2024 but have since fallen to 100,000 at YE March 2025.

Registrations from Americans have showed a long-time stability at comparatively low numbers. following a gradual increase to 36,000 at YE March 2009, the registration numbers then decreased to 20,000 at YE June 2014. Since then, the number of registrations remained relatively stable before gradually increasing to 35,000 at YE September 2019, before decreasing sharply to 14,000 at YE March 2021. Since then, number of registrations peaked at a high of 44,000 at YE December 2022 but have since decreased to 34,000 at YE March 2025.

Similarly, registrations from Oceania have always remained low but peaked at YE December 2007 at 35,000. Since then, the registration numbers remained stable before gradually decreasing to 2,900 at YE June 2021 and since then, the number of registrations has gradually increased to 16,000 at YE March 2025.

Registrations from nationalities who are not part of the EU (Other Europe), remained relatively low and stable until YE March 2018 when, for the first time, they had more registrations than Oceania at 17,000 compared with 16,000 for Oceania. Registrations then increased to 31,000 at YE March 2020, before falling to 12,000 in YE March 2021. Following this, registrations increased steeply to 150,000 at YE March 2023. This can be attributed to an increase in registrations from Ukrainian nationals following breakout of conflict with Russia. Since then, the number of ‘Other Europe’ registrations has fallen to 38,000 at YE March 2025.

It should be noted that the noticeable increase in registrations from non-EU nationals after September 2018 until the beginning of 2020, is mostly due to registration for a NINo of adult dependants as part of certain visa approvals. See the background information and methodology note for more information.

Percentage of non-EU registrations by non-EU nationality group: to Year End (YE) March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note:  Percentages are calculated using unrounded data and then rounded to the nearest whole number, therefore may not add up to 100.

Registrations by Asian nationals remain the non-EU group with the largest proportion of NINo registrations at YE March 2025 (67%). The proportion has fluctuated only slightly since YE March 2021 when it was 62%.

African nationals have the next highest proportion at 18% at YE March 2025. The proportion gradually increased since YE March 2021 when it was 19% to 26% at YE March 2024, before decreasing to 18% at YE March 2025.

At YE March 2021 the proportion of registrations for ‘other Europe’ was 8% which increased to 15% at YE March 2023, coinciding with the conflict in Ukraine. At YE March 2025, the proportion of registrations for ‘other Europe’ has fallen to 7%, a rise of 1% since YE March 2024.

The proportion of registrations from the Americas are the fourth highest of the non-EU groups, with only 6% at YE March 2025. There was a steady fall in proportion since YE September 2020 when the percentage of registrations fell from 9% to 4% at YE March 2024, but this has since risen to 6% in YE March 2025.

The proportion of registrations for Oceania was 3% at YE March 2025, compared with 2% at YE March 2021.

Top five non-EU nationalities by total NINo registrations for YE March 2024 and YE March 2025

Source: Stat-Xplore

The highest number of NINo registrations at YE March 2025 was from India at 140,000 decreasing from 240,000 registrations at YE March 2024 where they were also the first highest.

The second highest NINo registrations from non-EU nationalities at YE March 2025 were from Pakistan nationals with 67,000 registrations, a decrease from 89,000 at YE March 2024 where they were third highest.

Nigerian registrations had the third highest nationality for non-EU registrations, at 38,000 at YE March 2025, decreasing from 110,000 at YE March 2024, where they were the second highest.

The non-EU nationality with the fourth highest number of NINo registrations was China with 30,000 registrations at March 2025, a decrease from 33,000 at YE March 2024, when they were the sixth highest.

Nepal had the fifth highest number of non-EU registrations at YE March 2025 at 21,000, compared to March 2024 where it was the ninth highest at 20,000.

Bangladesh had the seventh highest number of non-EU registrations at YE March 2025 at 16,000, compared to March 2024 where it was the fifth highest at 36,000.

Ghana fell to twelfth position in the number of NINo registrations from non-EU nationalities at YE March 2025 with 10,000 registrations, falling from fourth position at YE March 2024 with 37,000.

It is worth noting that the chart above does not include those that have registered for a NINo with a British Nationals Overseas (BNO) Nationality. At present there is no category in the operational data system for BNO Nationality therefore they are recorded as having an unknown Nationality in the data.  See background information and methodology note for more information.

Timeseries showing YE totals of NINo registrations for the top five non-EU nationalities at Year End (YE) March 2025:

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Figures in the graph show 12 month ending totals, plotted at annual intervals.

Figures for the top five non-EU nationalities at YE March 2025 show India has the highest number of registrations at 140,000. The number of registrations increased from 52,000 at YE March 2021 to 170,000 at YE March 2022 followed by an increase to 270,000 at YE March 2023 before falling to 140,000 at YE March 2025.

Pakistan had the second highest numbers of registration with 67,000 at YE March 2025. The number of registrations increased from 12,000 at YE March 2021 to 89,000 at YE March 2024, but have since decreased to 67,000 at YE March 2025.

Nigeria had the third highest number of registrations at YE March 2025 at 38,000. Numbers of registrations rose from 11,000 at YE March 2021 to 59,000 at YE March 2022, then rose steeply to 120,000 at YE March 2023, before falling to 38,000 at YE March 2025.

China had the fourth highest number of registrations at 30,000 at YE March 2025.  Registrations increased from 4,800 at YE March 2021 to 36,000 at YE March 2023, but has since fallen to 30,000 at YE March 2025.

Nepal had the fifth highest number of non-EU registrations at YE March 2025 with 21,000. The numbers of registrations rose from 1,900 at YE March 2021 to 8,300 at YE March 2022. Registrations then increased to 20,000 at YE March 2024 and have since remained stable.

7. Where in the UK are people registering?

Year end (YE) total of NINo registrations by region and non-EU/EU groups for YE March 2025

Region	Non-EU	EU
London	170,000	20,000
South East	58,000	5,600
West Midlands	54,000	3,200
North West	53,000	3,500
East of England	37,000	3,800
Yorkshire and The Humber	33,000	3,200
Scotland	34,000	2,300
East Midlands	29,000	2,400
South West	25,000	2,200
North East	13,000	720
Wales	13,000	740
Northern Ireland	6,900	2,900
Overseas Registration	39,000	8,500
Unknown or Missing Region	10,000	1,000

Source: Stat-Xplore

Note: Overseas indicates registrations which were obtained via Home Office Visa scheme prior to arrival in UK. Geography information is based on address given at time of NINo registration.

At YE March 2025, the number of registrations from non-EU nationals were greater than registrations from EU nationals (170,000 compared with 20,000) and this was reflected across all regions.

44% of all registrations with a known UK address at the time of registration for YE March 2025 resided in London or the South East regions at the time of NINo registration.

The region with the highest number of NINo registrations was London with 170,000 non-EU registrations and 20,000 EU registrations.

The South East region had the second highest number of registrations with 58,000 non-EU and 5,600 EU registrations.

Top 10 Local Authorities by total of NINo registrations for YE March 2025

Local Authorities	Registrations
Birmingham	22,000
Newham	17,000
Manchester	15,000
Tower Hamlets	12,000
Redbridge	10,000
Ealing	10,000
Glasgow City	10,000
Coventry	9,500
City of Edinburgh	9,500
Leeds	9,400

Source: Stat-Xplore)

Note:  Geography information is based on address given at time of NINo registration.

The local authority with the highest number of registrations at YE March 2025 was Birmingham with 22,000 registrations. Newham had the second highest registrations with 17,000, Manchester was third with 15,000. 

8. About these statistics

Re-designation of Accredited Official Statistics status

These statistics are accredited official statistics and were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation in November 2020. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics and should therefore be labelled ‘accredited official statistics’. Accredited official statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007. For more information see the background information and methodology note.

OSR introduced the term ‘Accredited Official Statistics’ to describe National Statistics in September 2023. This was done following OSR’s review of the National Statistics designation and subsequent designation refresh project, which found the term ‘National Statistics’ was not well understood by users of statistics.

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards by emailing the cbm.stats@dwp.gov.uk.

Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

EU exit

The Immigration and Social Security Co-ordination (EU Withdrawal) Act 2020 ended free movement between the EU and the UK on 31 December 2020 and the Future Relationship treaty came into force, launching the new Points Based Immigration System. Read the background information and methodology note for further information on the EU Exit.

What can you use these figures for?

The statistics provide:

• a 100% count of non-UK overseas nationals registered for a NINo

• Stat-Xplore allows users to tabulate NINo registrations for each quarter and Year-End Nino registrations (for each quarter)

• the focus of this bulletin is on NINo registrations for Year End (YE)

• the nationality of non-UK overseas nationals at the time of registering

• the geographical location of the non-UK overseas nationals at the time of registering

What you cannot use these figures for

The statistics cannot be used as a count of:

• quarterly or annual migration to the UK

• the number of non-UK overseas nationals who have started work or are currently in work

• the number of non-UK overseas nationals who are currently in the UK

The statistics show the number of people registered for a NINo in order to work or to claim benefits and tax credits and are one of a number of supplementary measures produced by government of in-migration to the UK.

Although quarterly registration figures are provided in Stat-Xplore, care should be taken when interpreting quarterly changes as they might reflect changes in operational activity. Annual year-on-year changes are more reliable to reflect longer-term trends.

The statistics are published as part of the scheduled timetable for the release of cross-Government migration statistics.

Read the background information and methodology note for further information, including detail on uses and limitations of the series.

Comparisons with other sources of migration

NINo statistics are not a direct measure of long-term migration and therefore are not directly comparable with Office for National Statistics (ONS) long-term estimates of immigration.

Transformation of migration statistics

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) have transformed the way they measure Long-Term International Migration (LTIM).

Since 2021, data from the Home Office and Department for Work and Pensions have been used to produce Admin-Based Migration Estimates (ABMEs). For more information on how these are developed, see Provisional long-term international migration estimates: technical user guide - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

Change to methodology for assigning geographies

Since the February 2023 release, the statistical method for assigning geographies has been improved. For more information on how geographies are assigned see background information and methodology note.

Rounding policy

Numbers in this bulletin have been rounded as detailed in the background information and methodology note.

Percentage changes are calculated prior to rounding and then are rounded to the nearest whole number. As all figures within this bulletin have been rounded, therefore they may not sum to totals.

Due to rounding and the inclusion of unknown nationalities in the total, the total figure could differ from the sum of EU and non-EU.

World Areas

For reporting purposes, countries have been grouped into ‘world areas’ based primarily on geographical location. Countries are grouped according to current world area status for the entire back series.

World Area	Sub-Group
European Union (EU)	European Union EU14 (original EU members), European Union EU8 (joined EU in 2004), European Union EU2 (joined EU in 2007), European Union Other
Non-European Union (Other Europe)	Other Europe
Asia	Middle East and Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, South East Asia
Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa
Americas	North America, Central and South America
Oceania	Oceania

A detailed nationality breakdown for each world area is available in the background information and methodology note.

Release schedule

The statistics are published quarterly in February, May, August, and November and are sourced from administrative data originally collected via Migrant Workers Scan (MWS) which is sourced from the HMRC National Insurance and PAYE system (NPS). 

Next release: 21 August 2025

Where to find out more

Read previous releases of these statistics.

Read further information for this series, including detail on data sources, uses, quality and limitations of the series.

Statistics on NINo allocations to adult overseas nationals entering the UK are available from Stat-Xplore

Read about the NINo application process.

9. User engagement

Enquires and feedback

DWP would like to hear your views on our statistical publications. If you use any of our statistics publications, we would be interested in hearing what you use them for and how well they meet your requirements: Send your comments by email to: cbm.stats@dwp.gov.uk

Contacts

Press enquiries should be directed to the DWP Press Office.

Lead Analyst: MD Akmal Hossain Sadi

Statistics Producer: Michael Agholor

ISBN: 978-1-78659-840-0