MRSA, MSSA and Gram-negative bacteraemia and CDI: infographics for England, financial year 2024 to 2025
Updated 25 September 2025
Applies to England
© Crown copyright 2025
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E. coli bacteraemia
In England, 77 people out of every 100,000 had an Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteraemia during the April 2024 to March 2025 period.
The risk was greater among the elderly: 56 males and 54 females out of every 100,000 people aged 45 to 64 had an E. coli bacteraemia, compared to 896 males and 578 females out of every 100,000 people aged 85 years and above.
Most cases (81%) occurred in the community-onset, while 19% were hospital-onset. Hospital-onset is defined as diagnosis from any specimens taken on the third day of admission onwards (when day one equals day of admission).
The most common primary focus of infection for E. coli were urinary tract infections (46%).
Klebsiella spp. bacteraemia
In England, 24 people out of every 100,000 had a Klebsiella spp. bacteraemia during the April 2024 to March 2025 period.
The risk was greater among the elderly: 24 males and 17 females out of every 100,000 people aged 45 to 64 had a Klebsiella spp. bacteraemia, compared to 297 males and 89 females out of every 100,000 people aged 85 years and above.
Most cases (69%) occurred in the community, while 31% were hospital-onset. Hospital-onset is defined as diagnosis from any specimens taken on the third day of admission onwards (when day one equals day of admission).
The most common primary focus of infection for Klebsiella spp. were urinary tract infections (36%).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia
In England, 8 people out of every 100,000 had a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteraemia during the April 2024 to March 2025 period.
The risk was greater among the elderly: 8 males and 5 females out of every 100,000 people aged 45 to 64 had a P. aeruginosa bacteraemia, compared to 114 males and 29 females out of every 100,000 people aged 85 years and above.
Most cases (61%) occurred in the community, while 39% were hospital-onset. Hospital-onset is defined as diagnosis from any specimens taken on the third day of admission onwards (when day one equals day of admission).
The most common primary focus of infection for P. aeruginosa were urinary tract infections (31%).
MRSA bacteraemia
In England, 2 person out of every 100,000 had a meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia during the April 2024 to March 2025 period.
The risk was greater among the elderly: 3 males and 1 female out of every 100,000 people aged 45 to 64 had a MRSA bacteraemia, compared to 17 males and 7 females out of every 100,000 people aged 85 years and above.
Most cases (66%) occurred in the community, while 34% were hospital-onset. Hospital-onset is defined as diagnosis from any specimens taken on the third day of admission onwards (when day one equals day of admission).
The most common source of infection for MRSA after other (35%) were skin and soft tissue infections (32%).
MSSA bacteraemia
In England, 24 people out of every 100,000 had a meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia during the April 2024 to March 2025 period.
The risk was greater among the elderly: 34 males and 16 females out of every 100,000 people aged 45 to 64 had a MSSA bacteraemia, compared to 228 males and 91 females out of every 100,000 people aged 85 years and above.
Most cases (71%) occurred in the community, while 29% were hospital-onset. Hospital-onset is defined as diagnosis from any specimens taken on the third day of admission onwards (when day one equals day of admission).
The most common source of infection for MSSA after other (39%) were skin and soft tissue infections (28%).
Clostridioides difficile infection
In England, 33 people out of every 100,000 had a Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) during the April 2024 to March 2025 period.
The risk was greater among the elderly: 20 males and 24 females out of every 100,000 people aged 45 to 64 had a CDI, compared to 314 males and 306 females out of every 100,000 people aged 85 years and above.
Most cases (56%) occurred in the community, while 44% were hospital-onset. Hospital-onset is defined as diagnosis from any specimens taken on the third day of admission onwards (when day one equals day of admission).
*[spp.] species *[P. aeruginosa]: Pseudomonas aeruginosa