Guidance

Appendix 6: Additional resources for the evaluation phase

Published 10 June 2026

Comprehensive set of indicators for monitoring and evaluation of immunisation equity activities

Type of indicator	Monitoring purpose	Indicators	Monitoring frequency
Uptake and coverage	Assessment as to whether immunisation inequities are narrowing	• vaccination uptake rate among priority population groups • difference in uptake between priority groups and the local comparison population (absolute and/or relative gap) • completion of recommended vaccination schedule among priority groups • change in the equity gap in vaccination uptake over the intervention period • change in missed opportunities for vaccination among priority groups • completeness of key demographic data in immunisation records	Monthly or at least quarterly
Access	Assessment of structural/logistical ability to obtain vaccination	•reported barriers to access such as transport, clinic hours, digital exclusion and language needs • proportion of service users reporting improved ease of access • number of reasonable adjustments provided (for example, interpreters, extended appointments, quiet clinics, home visits) • number and proportion of the target population reached through the intervention • number of vaccination opportunities offered (for example, outside traditional settings)	Monthly to bi‑monthly
Affordability	Assessment of financial and non‑financial costs impeding vaccination	• reasonable adjustments reducing time/effort burden (extended appointments, home visits) • self‑reported financial/time burden accessing vaccination	Quarterly or as needed
Awareness	Assessment of knowledge and information clarity	• participant knowledge: proportion reporting increased understanding of eligibility, where to get vaccinated, benefits, or schedule • lived‑experience themes related to clarity of information • missed opportunities for vaccination (partly reflects awareness among public and staff)	Quarterly
Acceptance	Assessment of willingness and trust in vaccination	• intention to vaccinate: proportion reporting increased likelihood of getting vaccinated (for self or child) within a defined timeframe • vaccine confidence: proportion reporting increased trust in vaccine safety, effectiveness and/or in local providers or trusted messengers • community satisfaction or acceptability feedback (collected through VCSE partners and/or frontline staff) • unintended consequences including stigma	Quarterly (more frequently if concerns emerge)
Activation	Assessment of prompts, reminders, outreach, and nudges leading to action	• proportion of targeted individuals attending or engaging with the intervention • delivery fidelity (planned versus completed) • system capacity to support activation: proportion of staff trained in cultural competence, trauma‑informed practice or outreach vaccination delivery	Monthly or quarterly