Corporate report

UK International Climate Finance results 2024

Published 10 October 2024

Introduction

International Climate Finance 

UK International Climate Finance (ICF) is Official Development Assistance (ODA) from the UK to support developing countries to undertake mitigation and adaptation actions to prevent and tackle the challenges caused by climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. These investments help developing countries to: 

• adapt and build resilience to current and future effects of climate change 
• pursue low-carbon growth 
• support sustainable use of natural resources 
• increase access to clean energy technologies 
• reduce deforestation and habitat destruction 

The ICF portfolio is currently delivered jointly across 4 UK government departments: 

• the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) 
• the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) 
• the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) 
• the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) 

Alongside providing ICF, the UK Government has met our commitment to ensure that from 2023 new bilateral ODA programmes are aligned with the Paris Agreement. Processes for continued alignment are embedded into the operational guidance across government departments, such as the FCDO’s Programme Operating Framework. This will ensure that the UK’s overall ODA support is consistent with the low carbon and climate resilient development pathways that are critical for delivering on the Paris Agreement. 

This publication presents the headline achievements of UK ICF since 2011. It brings together results against 15 key performance indicators (KPIs) from UK International Development programmes that have climate change adaptation or mitigation as an objective. The ICF portfolio results framework does not attempt to capture the full benefits of ICF programmes, because individual programmes have context-specific aims that are not necessarily covered by ICF KPIs. Some programmes integrate climate as part of a broader development project, so not all of their aims feed into the ICF KPIs, while others have indirect impacts that are hard to aggregate across the ICF portfolio. Some programmes may not have reported all relevant KPIs due to capacity constraints, data limitations, or considerations of proportionality or value for money. 

Climate change 

Climate change and biodiversity loss remain among the most pressing issues people face today. The World Bank estimates that over 100 million people could be pushed in to extreme poverty by 2030 due to the effects of climate change^{[footnote 1]} and in nature, 1 million species face extinction, with wildlife populations falling by 69 per cent since 1970^{[footnote 2]}. 

The 2015 Paris Agreement set out the aim to hold global average temperature increases to well below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit increases to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2030, in order to avoid more severe climate change impacts, including more frequent and more severe flooding, droughts and heatwaves^{[footnote 3]}. However, the first global stock-take of the Paris Agreement concluded at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP28), affirmed that the world is not on track to limit global warming to 1.5°C^{[footnote 4]}. Furthermore, 2023 was the hottest year on record^{[footnote 5]}. 

While progress has been made to reduce the predicted increase from 4°C to below 2.8°C, this depends on the implementation of country plans and net-zero pledges. However, there are now options across nearly every sector for halving emissions and the costs of renewables have fallen^{[footnote 6]}, bringing climate change mitigation within reach, and a fund for loss and damage has been agreed^{[footnote 7]}, helping to tackle climate adaptation and fill the climate finance gap. We must continue to build on this progress by increasing international co-operation and ambition to limit the impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss. 

International Climate Finance results 2023 to 2024 

Improvements to the publication for 2024 

We continually seek to improve our reported results to enhance the publication’s usefulness and transparency. This year: 

• methodologies and guidance on reporting against KPIs 4, 11 and 12 have been improved 
• more case studies have been included 
• we have continued to expand the availability of disaggregated results 

We have published the version of our data processing pipeline used to produce the 2024 ICF results, under the Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.5281/zenodo.13909217.

If you would like to provide feedback on these updates or anything else, please contact statistics@fcdo.gov.uk 

Monitoring progress on inclusion 

Requirements to break down beneficiary counts by sex, age, disability and geography have been strengthened in recent years, but not all programmes have monitoring systems that enable this information to be collected. 

In particular, it is not always possible for programmes to report an individual’s characteristics across multiple categories – for example, disabled women in rural areas. Where a programme has not been able to provide a disaggregation in the format required, the results are listed as ‘unspecified’ within the publication. This can include those within disaggregation categories we do not yet report on, those where we cannot sufficiently verify the data or the level of data is not yet available. We are continuing to improve our data systems to support better disaggregated data collection and are working towards increased coverage of disaggregated results. 

To protect sensitive data, we suppress disaggregated results with fewer than 5 reporting programmes or fewer than 20 individual beneficiaries^{[footnote 8]}. 

Total achieved results 

ICF Results are reported for 15 KPIs, 4 of which are specifically focused on technical assistance and labelled ‘TA KPIs’^{[footnote 9]}. A total of 350 programmes have reported achieved results since 2011. Many of these programmes will continue to deliver further benefits after they have ended, so as well as cumulative results to date, we also report on total expected programme benefits (see Annex 1). 

The total cumulative results achieved for each KPI between April 2011 and March 2024 are shown in Table 1. Where this year’s KPI results are compared to those from the previous year, the latest available data has been used, including historic revisions, so these differences may not match previously published data. Throughout the publication, all figures greater than 10,000 have been rounded down to the nearest whole thousand. 

For each KPI, cumulative results are calculated by summing results from all reporting programmes, across all years from 2011. More detailed results for each KPI are outlined below in the section ‘Results for each Key Performance Indicator (KPI)’. The percentage increases presented from the previous year are based on the latest available data, after any updates to historical data. Where there have been notable corrections to historic data these are identified within the KPI section below. All charts are also based on the latest cumulative results and include any updates to historical data. 

Previous publications and the methodologies used to guide results monitoring and collection can be found on the ICF Results webpages. Details of the programmes referenced throughout this publication can be found on Development Tracker 

Table 1: ICF results achieved from April 2011 to March 2024

KPI number	KPI title	Achieved total
KPI 1	Number of people supported to better adapt to the effects of climate change	110,075,000 people
KPI 2.1	Number of people with improved access to clean energy	82,132,000 people
KPI 2.2	Number of social institutions with improved access to clean energy	1,111 institutions
KPI 4	Number of people whose resilience has been improved	32,521,000 people
KPI 6	Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided	105,720,000 tonnes of CO2 (tCO2e)
KPI 7	Installed capacity of clean energy	4,561 megawatts (MW)
KPI 8	Ecosystem loss avoided	759,000 hectares
KPI 10	Value of ecosystem services generated or protected	5,630,000 GBP (£)
KPI 11	Volume of public finance mobilised for climate change purposes	8,412,447,000 GBP (£)
KPI 12	Volume of private finance mobilised for climate change purposes	7,853,652,000 GBP (£)
KPI 15	Extent to which ICF intervention is likely to lead to transformational change	62.5% programmes scored a 4 or 5
KPI 17	Area under sustainable management practices	4,229,000 hectares
TA KPI 1	Number of countries supported by ICF Technical Assistance	137 countries
TA KPI 2.1	Number of individuals supported by ICF Technical Assistance	1,844,000 people
TA KPI 2.2	Number of organisations supported by ICF Technical Assistance	3,756 organisations
TA KPI 3	Number of climate policies informed by ICF Technical Assistance	235 policies
TA KPI 5	Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided through ICF Technical Assistance	66,644,000 tonnes of CO2 (tCO2e)

International Climate Finance key performance indicator results 

KPI 1: Number of people supported to better adapt to the effects of climate change 

This indicator tracks the number of people directly supported by UK ICF to better adapt to the effects of climate change. Many different types of interventions contribute to climate adaptation support, including improving food security, water management and preparedness against climate-related natural disasters. These interventions support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 13.1 on strengthening resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards, as well as contributing towards SDG 1 on ending poverty, SDG 2 on food security and SDG 6 on access to water. 

A total of 110,075,000 people were directly supported to adapt to climate change from April 2011 to March 2024, reported by 132 programmes. This was an increase of 6,564,000 (6%) from the previous year (Figure 1). These results reflect the people directly reached by UK interventions, rather than indirect benefits to the wider community. 

The 3 programmes that contributed the largest increases in results for this KPI in the last year were ‘Global Risk Financing (GRIF) Programme’, ‘Ethiopia Crises 2 Resilience (EC2R)’ and ‘Humanitarian Assistance and Resilience Building in Somalia (HARBS)’. There were also programmes that revised their historical results due to methodological and data quality improvements, leading to an increase of 1,921,000 beneficiaries. 

Disaggregation of the results by sex has been reported for 80% of KPI 1 results. Where results are available by sex, there was a split of 48% female beneficiaries compared to 52% male. Most beneficiaries were adults where age disaggregation was available. Of the 3% of results disaggregated by disability, 2% of beneficiaries were recorded as having a disability. Where geographic disaggregation was reported (12% of results), 79% of beneficiaries were in rural locations, compared to 21% in urban locations. 

Figure 1

Figure 1: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 1: Number of people supported to better adapt to the effects of climate change as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 2: Disaggregated data for KPI 1 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Age
Child (age 0 to 14)	228,000	<5
Youth (age 15 to24)	41,000	<5
Adult (age 25 to 64)	888,000	7
Elder (age 65+)	28,000	<5
Unspecified	108,888,000	141
Disability
Disabled	69,000	11
Not disabled	3,395,000	15
Unspecified	106,610,000	136
Geography
Rural	10,302,000	34
Urban	2,686,000	9
Unspecified	97,086,000	117
Sex
Female	42,389,000	103
Male	45,445,000	102
Unspecified	22,240,000	70

Case study: Global Risk Financing Facility (GRiF) programme 

The UK’s Global Risk Financing Programme (GRiF) funds multiple multilateral partners such as the World Bank (and by extension UNICEF and the World Food Programme), the African Development Bank, Start Network, the Inter-American Development Bank and the Red Cross, that seek to put in place Disaster Risk Finance and insurance against extreme weather events and climate-related shocks. This includes premium subsidies for small island developing states and fragile and conflict afflicted states to ensure that they can access the cover they need, as well as support to NGOs and humanitarian first responders. Pre-arranged finance pays out quickly and reliably, enabling faster responses that can pre-empt loss and damage. 

The UK’s support last year alone enabled funding to be transferred to Disaster Risk Finance instruments and international markets, protecting over 11.2 million people, and directly benefiting over 1 million people with total payouts of over £8 million so far. 

In Rakhine State, a woman impacted by Cyclone Mocha receives a dignity kit from Myanmar Red Cross volunteers in May 2023 as part of an IFRC Disaster Response Emergency Fund operation to support more than one million affected people. Photo: Myanmar Red Cross Society.

KPI 2.1: Number of people with improved access to clean energy 

This indicator directly contributes to SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and SDG 3 (health and wellbeing), reducing carbon emissions and improving health, since the use of polluting cooking fuels is a major contributor to indoor air pollution. 

The types of interventions that contribute to this KPI include the installation of solar technology, green mini-grids for local power supply in rural areas, clean cook stoves that reduce people’s dependence on firewood and supporting improvements in energy efficiency. 

A cumulative total of 82,132,000 people were supported with improved access to clean energy from 2011 to 2024, which was an increase of 13,291,000 (19%) since 2023 (Figure 2). From the 60 programmes reporting against this KPI, the largest increases in achieved results came from the programmes ‘Transforming Energy Access (TEA)’, ‘BRILHO – Energy Africa Mozambique’ and ‘Manufacturing Africa – Foreign Direct Investment’. As well as the additional results achieved in 2023 to 2024, a small number of programmes revised their historical results, which saw a decrease in the total reported for previous years by 906,904 beneficiaries. 

The results for KPI 2.1 were disaggregated by age, clean energy type, disability, geography and sex. For the results where sex disaggregated data were available (58% of results), there were 49% female and 51% male beneficiaries. Less than 1% of beneficiaries were disaggregated by age or disability. Geographic disaggregation covered 4% of results, with 71% of beneficiaries from urban locations and 29% for rural locations. Of the results where type of clean energy was disaggregated, clean electricity made up 77% and clean cooking 23%. 

Figure 2

Figure 2: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 2.1: Number of people with improved access to clean energy as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 3: Disaggregated data for KPI 2.1 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Age
Child (age 0 to 14)	64,000	<5
Youth (age 15 to 24)	11,000	<5
Adult (age 25 to 64)	109,000	5
Elder (age 65+)	112	<5
Unspecified	81,946,000	57
Clean energy
Clean cooking	6,594,000	12
Clean electricity	22,354,000	24
Unspecified	53,183,000	37
Disability
Disabled	9,500	<5
Not disabled	110,000	<5
Unspecified	82,012,000	61
Geography
Rural	848,000	14
Urban	2,125,000	8
Unspecified	79,158,000	49
Sex
Female	23,355,000	30
Male	24,096,000	29
Unspecified	34,680,000	41

Case study: Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP) 

The UK’s REPP programme, managed by Camco, provides technical and financial support to private sector developers of small-scale renewable energy projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to unlock private sector investment and deployment of renewable energy infrastructure, to support energy access, sustainable development and transitions to clean energy, by originating and supporting a pipeline of renewable energy projects, as well as providing technical assistance to project developers. 

REPP provides technical assistance, project development capital and visibility gap finance to enable project developers to overcome barriers to investment. Programmes such as REPP help highly innovative and ambitious developers access the finance they need to deliver impacts at scale and transform markets. By 2023, REPP-supported projects had connected over 1.3 million people with electricity across Sub-Saharan Africa, of which 280,000 can be directly attributed to REPP based on its relative financial contribution. Many of these connections were achieved through several off-grid renewable energy projects, such as a £1 million equity investment to Mobile Power, a business that supplies solar-powered rentable batteries, which allowed for expansion from Sierra Leone to other nations like Liberia, Nigeria and Uganda. Batteries such as the MOPOMax are available through a pay-per-use service, enabling customers to run their appliances without having to pay the high upfront costs of noisy and polluting generators. The MOPOMax also works as a battery swap solution for e-motorbike taxis. 

A Mobile Power customer collecting a 1kWh MOPOMax battery. Photo: Mobile Power.

KPI 2.2: Number of social institutions with improved access to clean energy 

KPI 2.2 is similar to KPI 2.1 but focuses on social institutions^{[footnote 10]} that have improved access to clean energy, which thereby provides benefits to the wider community. 

A total of 1,111 institutions have been supported with improved energy access between 2011 and 2024, through 12 programmes (Figure 3). There was an increase of 781 institutions supported compared to 2023 (more than double). The largest increase this year comes from the programme ‘Humanitarian Response Pakistan – 2022 Floods’, which provided clean energy to 359 social institutions as part of climate resilient WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) interventions in the aftermath of the 2022 floods. The funding of this programme was staged in a way that resulted in the bulk of results being reported in 2023 to 2024. The next largest results for 2024 came from the ‘MECS – Modern Energy Cooking Services’ and ‘Teacher Effectiveness and Equitable Access for Children (TEACH)’ programmes. 

Figure 3

Figure 3: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 2.2: Number of social institutions with improved access to clean energy as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Case study: Modern energy cooking services (MECS) 

MECS is a research and innovation programme that aims to accelerate the uptake of modern energy cooking services in developing countries in Africa, South Asia and the Indo-Pacific, contributing to the transition from biomass to clean cooking fuels. MECS targets the 2.1 billion people, largely in Africa and Asia, who still use polluting fuels such as firewood and charcoal, especially women who are predominantly responsible for cooking in developing countries. One in every 3 women in the world today have no choice but to use unclean technologies and practices for cooking. At the current rate of progress, 1.8 billion people worldwide will still use polluting fuels for cooking by 2030^{[footnote 11]}. 

MECS is delivered through Loughborough University and the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, who in turn provide funding to more than 200 innovators, academics, entrepreneurs, and civil society partners delivering research and innovation activities in 37 countries. One key outcome of this programme is the uptake of electric pressure cookers, which provide a cost-effective method of cooking for low-income households and small businesses, saving on fuel costs and creating opportunities for job creation, business creation, and community supported actions, such as school feeding programmes and community cooking events. Since starting in 2018, MECS has improved access to clean energy for over 3.8 million people in developing countries who have adopted cleaner and more efficient cooking equipment and practices, reducing their fuel consumption and improving air quality and family income. This includes supporting 273 social institutions, including schools, to transition to modern cooking.  

Agnes, from Jikoni Magic, leads one of the bi-weekly cooking classes in Nairobi organized by Kenyan utility KPLC, demonstrating how to cook everyday meals using the electric pressure cooker. Photo: Jon Leary, MECS

KPI 4: Number of people whose resilience has been improved 

This indicator tracks the number of people for whom UK ICF interventions have improved their resilience to climate shocks and stresses. Programmes reporting on this indicator support the achievement of SDG target 13.1 on strengthening resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards. ICF programmes are designed to improve climate resilience according to context-specific climate risks. 

Climate resilience can be considered as having 3 dimensions: adaptive capacity, anticipatory capacity, and absorptive capacity. Context-relevant indicators of resilience are defined across at least 2 dimensions of resilience for reporting against KPI 4. Interventions may include: building houses on plinths; preserving water catchments; strengthening flood defences; establishing early-warning systems and social protection. For this indicator there needs to be evidence of improved resilience across more than 1 dimension, supported by data before and after the programme interventions. Improvement on each indicator is demonstrated by collecting evidence from before and after the intervention, such as through repeated beneficiary surveys. These individual indicator results are combined in a predefined way to give a single result of ‘improved’ or ‘not improved’ in relation to each programme participant. 

Resilience was improved for a total of 32,521,000 people across 31 ICF programmes from April 2011 to March 2024 (Figure 4). This was an increase of 34,000 from the previous year. The largest increase came from ‘Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR)’. Overall, despite increasing, the cumulative results have plateaued due to the completion of several programmes over the last few years that have reported results in the past. 

Disaggregation by sex covered 65% of reported results for KPI 4. Where the sex of beneficiaries was known, 42% were female and 58% were male. Around 6% of KPI 4 results included geographic disaggregation. Where geography was known, there were 99% rural beneficiaries and 1% urban beneficiaries. 

Figure 4

Figure 4: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 4: Number of people whose resilience has been improved as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 4: Disaggregated data for KPI 4 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Age
Adult (Age 25-64)	1,034,000	<5
Unspecified	31,486,000	31
Disability
Disabled	2,500	<5
Not Disabled	221,000	<5
Unspecified	32,297,000	31
Geography
Rural	2,063,000	6
Urban	12,000	<5
Unspecified	30,444,000	26
Sex
Female	8,783,000	22
Male	12,250,000	21
Unspecified	11,487,000	12

KPI 6: Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided 

This indicator estimates the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions as a result of UK ICF interventions, compared with expected emissions in the absence of this support. It is a similar indicator to TA KPI 5, which measures the volume of greenhouse gas emissions supported by ICF technical assistance activities. However, there are key differences between these 2 indicators. KPI 6 focuses on capital investment projects where we can directly attribute the emissions reduced or avoided to ICF funding. TA KPI 5 measures the contribution that ICF technical assistance has made to reducing emissions^{[footnote 12]}. 

UK ICF delivers reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases through programmes that cover all sectors of the economy. Activities that deliver against this KPI include those that replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (such as solar, wind or geothermal), promote low carbon alternatives to non-sustainably sourced wood for domestic cooking, and reduce deforestation. This indicator is aligned with SDG indicator 13.2.2, which also measures annual greenhouse gas emissions. 

Benefits can be delivered against KPI 6 even after a programme has closed if emissions continue to be reduced or avoided. For example, solar panels will continue to generate clean energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions after the end of the programme which funded their installation, for as long as they continue to function. This explains why the expected total lifetime results are much higher than the results achieved so far against this indicator – see Annex 1. 

It is estimated that 105,720,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent were reduced or avoided as a result of ICF programmes since 2011, through 61 programmes, an increase of 16,868,000 (19%) compared to the cumulative results up to 2023 (Figure 5). Large increases were reported in ‘Support to the multilateral Climate Investment Funds (CIFs)’ and ‘Manufacturing Africa – Foreign Direct Investment’, however the largest absolute increase was reported by ‘Forest Carbon Partnership Facility – Carbon Fund (FCPF -C)’. 

Sector breakdowns have been reported for 38% of the results for KPI 6. Energy supply contributed the largest emissions reduced or avoided with 61% of results for which disaggregated data were reported. This was followed by transport (19%), forestry (10%), industrial processes (5%) and waste management (2%). The remaining sectors (agriculture, residential, land/sea-use and land/sea-use change, business, and public) all recorded smaller amounts of emissions reduction. 

Figure 5

Figure 5: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 6: Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 5: Disaggregated data for KPI 6 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Carbon credits
Not obtained	4,746,000	18
Obtained and sold	802,000	<5
Unspecified	100,171,000	37
Sector
Agriculture	592,000	<5
Business	12,000	<5
Energy supply	24,538,000	20
Forestry	4,025,000	6
Industrial processes	1,927,000	<5
Land/sea-use and land/sea-use change	447,000	<5
Public	1,300	<5
Residential	487,000	<5
Transport	7,484,000	9
Waste management	689,000	8
Unspecified	65,515,000	52
Technology type
Biofuels	213,000	<5
Biomass	170,000	<5
Clean cookstoves	9,100	<5
Concentrated solar power (CSP)	843,000	<5
Hydropower	945,000	<5
Multiple/mixed renewable energy	7,548,000	5
Process heating/drying	34,000	<5
Solar photovoltaic (PV)	4,299,000	12
Wind power	1,526,000	<5
Unspecified	90,129,000	24

Case study: BRILHO – Energy Africa Mozambique 

The BRILHO programme is the main vehicle to deliver the UK’s commitments in the Energy Africa Compact for Mozambique and aims to increase access to energy for rural households and businesses by promoting a market-based approach for private sector delivery of off-grid renewable energy products and related services. Programme activities include: 

• start-up grants and results-based finance to help off-grid businesses to innovate and expand to remote areas 
• supporting education of rural consumers on benefits of modern energy solutions 
• research to fill gaps in evidence, with particular focus on the context of Mozambique 
• supporting policy reforms through technical assistance and capacity building for off-grid energy stakeholders, particularly government institutions 

The BRILHO programme reported that by June 2024, over 3.5 million people in off-grid areas across all provinces in Mozambique had improved access to renewable energy, and over 800,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions had been avoided. Activities included the provision of solar systems, improved cooking solutions and supporting small entrepreneurs to make effective use of technology to generate income and thus contributing to local economic growth. 

KPI 7: Installed capacity of clean energy 

This indicator measures clean energy capacity installed as a result of UK ICF interventions. It tracks both on- and off-grid clean energy sources, such as wind, solar, or geothermal energy; and clean cookstoves. Installed capacity refers to the rated power output when the clean energy source is operational, which is different to energy generated. 

Access to energy is a primary constraint to inclusive economic growth and job creation. This supports SDG target 7 to expand infrastructure and technology to supply modern, sustainable energy for all in developing countries. In many cases, the generation of energy from clean sources partially displaces fossil fuel energy generation, resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions and thereby also contributing to KPI 6 ‘Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided’. 

It is estimated that 4,561 megawatts (MW) of clean energy capacity were installed by ICF programmes between 2011 and 2024, an increase of 27% on the cumulative installed capacity up to 2023 (Figure 6). A total of 51 programmes have reported against this KPI, 5 more programmes than reported in 2023. 

The largest absolute increases were seen in the ‘Transforming Energy Access (TEA)’, ‘Sustainable Infrastructure Programme – Latin America (SIP LA)’, which reported results for the first time this year, and ‘Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev)’ programmes. 

Installed clean energy capacity results are disaggregated by geography, grid connectivity and technology type. Of the 41% of results disaggregated by type of grid connectivity, 95% of these fed into a national or regional grid (on-grid). These projects will typically be utility-scale, producing tens or hundreds of megawatts. Disaggregation by technology type covers 59% of the reported megawatts of clean energy capacity installed. Solar photovoltaic (PV) recorded the majority of these disaggregated results (66%), followed by clean cookstoves and wind, with 7% and 7%, respectively. There were smaller results reported for hydropower, multiple/mixed renewable energy, biofuels, concentrated solar power (CSP) and biomass. 

Figure 6

Figure 6: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 7: Installed capacity of clean energy as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 6: Disaggregated data for KPI 7 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Geography
Rural	299	11
Urban	359	9
Unspecified	3,900	46
Grid connectivity
Off-grid	103	19
On-grid	1,700	15
Unspecified	2,600	14
Technology type
Biofuels	95	<5
Biomass	28	<5
Clean cookstoves	203	<5
Concentrated solar power (CSP)	75	<5
Hydropower	171	6
Multiple/mixed renewable energy	154	<5
Solar photovoltaic (PV)	1,700	31
Wind power	197	5
Unspecified	1,800	39

Case study: Carbon initiative for development (Ci-Dev) 

Launched in 2013, Ci-Dev is a multilateral trust fund, established through a partnership between the World Bank Group and 3 Contributors (the UK Government, the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swiss based private Climate Cent Foundation). Ci-Dev supports climate change mitigation in pursuit of the Paris Agreement’s goals and facilitates access to cleaner energy and other poverty reducing technologies. 

Prior to the Paris Agreement, UNFCCC carbon market mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol are widely acknowledged as having left Low Income Countries (LICs) behind (particularly African countries), depriving them of public and private carbon finance flows and the wide range of associated development co-benefits. Ci-Dev aims to avoid the repetition of this under the Paris Agreement. To support this, Ci-Dev has developed a Standardized Crediting Framework (SCF), which is a streamlined, country-owned emissions reduction crediting framework. It improves the transparency of national crediting decision-making, reduces transaction costs, and shortens the time it takes to generate emissions reductions, ultimately enabling wider access. The SCF allows LICs to establish structures and procedures including for potential Article 6 activities, and to test them through real projects and investments. 

The funds within Ci-Dev are used to meet the following objectives: 

• develop innovative low carbon methodologies to finance projects with high development benefits in LICs and reduce carbon emissions
• test a results-based approach, by paying for emissions reductions, to support a portfolio of pilot projects in LICs that are innovative and offer household and community level development benefits
• determine, through investments, whether and how carbon results-based financing can be used in the energy access sector, and share lessons learned internationally to inspire further scaling and replication
• share new methodologies applicable to the LIC context, and their practical demonstration, to influence the future international carbon market so that LICs can receive a greater share of carbon finance that results in reduced carbon emissions and increased development benefits

KPI 8: Ecosystem loss avoided 

This indicator measures the difference in area of ecosystem coverage resulting from an ICF project, relative to what would have happened in the absence of the intervention. Prevention of ecosystem loss contributes to climate change mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as to climate change adaptation by helping to preserve biodiversity and therefore protect livelihoods. Methodology updates in February 2023 broadened the ecosystems that can be measured to allow non-forest areas to be included such as marine, freshwater and grassland (using IUCN biome typologies). Additionally, this indicator assesses if the condition of the habitat retained has been maintained in a functioning state and not degraded. 

Between April 2011 and March 2024, a total of 759,000 hectares of land have avoided ecosystem loss, reported by 18 programmes (Figure 7). Since 2023, there has been an 81% increase in area (340,000ha). The majority of this increase came from the programme ‘Mobilising Finance for Forests (MFF)’ (see case study below). 

Figure 7

Figure 7: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 8: Ecosystem loss avoided as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Case study: Mobilising Finance for Forests (MFF) 

The MFF programme was established in 2021 by the UK Government and the Dutch development financial institution FMO. It aims to increase private investment in tropical forest regions to combat deforestation and reduce unsustainable land-use. The programme targets regions with high stocks of tropical forests, including the Amazon, Indonesia and the Congo basin, and invests in projects that create value from standing forests (e.g. agroforestry and ecosystem services) or incorporate forest protection and restoration into sustainable forms of agriculture. 

Project developers are supported to implement innovative nature-based solutions to offset biodiversity and ecosystem loss. These projects are mid-sized and already operational, essentially aiming to absorb risk and therefore encourage private investment. Consequently, MFF mainly assumes risk on projects that are looking to integrate sustainable agricultural practices in existing land, or track supply chains for existing production, rather than projects looking to expand hectares.

One notable example is Terrasos, an organisation based in Columbia that structures and operates ‘Habitat Banks’ in Latin America where quantified biodiversity gains (biodiversity credits) are generated. These are sold to individuals and companies to offset any negative impacts to the local environment as a result of their activities. This is notably different from carbon credit schemes which address carbon emissions; biodiversity credits are used to address species loss and permanent habitat destruction that has accumulated over time.

This is in line with the ‘polluter pays’ principle, where the costs of environmental damage should be paid by the party causing it, rather than the wider community that suffers the effects. 

Habitat Bank of Meta, located in San Martin de los Llanos in Columbia, is Latin America’s first habitat bank (Terrasos). Photo: Mobilising Finance for Forests

KPI 10: Value of ecosystem services generated or protected 

Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits to humans, provided by the natural environment and healthy ecosystems. Ecosystem services can be divided into 4 categories: provisioning services (e.g. energy, food, medicine); regulating services (e.g. flood protection, climate regulation, pest control); cultural services (e.g. education, recreation, spiritual) and supporting services (e.g. services that underpin ecosystem functioning such as nutrient and hydrological cycles that support other services).

The types of interventions contributing to this indicator include reducing deforestation of mangroves and other forests, promoting sustainable practices within forest habitats and improved resource management. This indicator contributes to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework target 11 on maintaining or enhancing nature’s contribution to people, including ecosystem services. KPI 10 also provides evidence of support across multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that rely on ecosystem services, including food (SDG 2), water (SDG 6), health (SDG 3), and biodiversity (SDGs 14 and 15). 

From April 2011 to March 2024, £5,630,000 worth of ecosystems services have been generated or protected as a result of ICF interventions (Figure 8). Only 3 programmes have reported results for KPI 10 to date. The programmes are ‘Reducing Deforestation and Forest Fires in the Brazilian Cerrado’, ‘Blue Forest Initiatives’ and ‘Accountability in Tanzania Programme – Phase II’. 

The low level of reporting seen for this indicator is partly because the methodology is based on area reported under KPI 8 – historically restricting this indicator to ecosystem services provided by forests. As with KPI 8, methodology updates in February 2023 broadened the ecosystem types and improved the data sources to support more accurate ecosystem service valuation. It is expected there will be a lag in uptake of this indicator following the methodology revision, but we will continue to monitor usage and report updated results when they become available. 

Figure 8

Figure 8: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 10: Value of ecosystem services generated or protected as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Case study: Blue Planet Fund – blue forest initiatives 

Mangroves are among the most endangered habitats with 20% of the world’s mangroves estimated to have been lost in the past 40 years^{[footnote 13]} due to clearance for development, overexploitation, and aquaculture, driven by a lack of land tenure rights and appropriate management techniques. 

The Blue Forest Initiatives programme (2016-2024) is delivered by the UK non-governmental organisation Blue Ventures, and seeks to protect, restore and sustainably manage mangrove forests while reducing the poverty of the coastal communities that rely on them. The programme operates in Madagascar and Indonesia and is delivered through community-led initiatives that address the unsustainable demand for and management of products from mangrove habitats. For example these include mangrove wood for charcoal and building materials, and pressures on species populations due to high levels of fishing which depletes stocks. 

Blue Forest Initiatives implements a model for the sustainable management of mangrove habitats that supports the coastal communities by transferring the right to manage and use coastal resources, to communities themselves through government approved management plans. Transferring rights and strengthening management plans enable local communities to invest in sustainable long-term use and identify market value for the diverse ecosystem services mangrove habitats provide. 

During its lifetime, Blue Forest Initiatives aims to protect around 80,000 hectares of mangrove forests; deliver around 1.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide savings, via carbon sequestration, and benefit over 70,000 people through the provision of ecosystem services and access to alternative livelihood opportunities. By working with local communities, the private sector, and national governments the programme establishes green business opportunities underpinned by sustainable mangrove forestry and fisheries management. This provides benefits for the ecosystem services in the area. As of 2022, the programme has already exceeded its end of programme target for ecosystem services generated or protected. 

KPI 11: Volume of public finance mobilised for climate change purposes 

Delivering the UK’s global climate change objectives requires substantial amounts of finance from non-UK sources. This indicator shows the amount of money from non-UK government public sources that has been mobilised for climate change as a result of UK ICF interventions. 

Mobilised finance measured under this indicator is from public sources including partner country governments, UN agencies and multilateral or regional development banks. To be counted against this indicator, the mobilised funds must either be additional funds, or existing funds diverted from a more fossil-fuel-intensive use. 

A total of £8,412,447,000 has been mobilised since 2011, an increase of 19% compared to 2023 (Figure 9). Results for this KPI have been reported by 81 programmes since 2011. The largest increases in achieved results were seen in the programmes ‘Global Environment Facility 8th Replenishment’, ‘Market Accelerator for Green Construction (MAGC)’ and ‘Pioneering a Holistic approach to Energy and Nature-based Options in MENA for Long-term stability – PHENOMENAL’. 

Of the reported public finance mobilised with known finance origins (34% of KPI 11 results), the largest volumes of public finance mobilised were sourced from other DAC donors^{[footnote 14]} (52%) and from ODA-eligible^{[footnote 15]} developing countries (26%). Of the reported public finance disaggregated by mitigation or adaptation theme (67%), 84% of finance was reported against the mitigation theme and 13% against adaptation. 

Figure 9

Figure 9: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 11: Volume of public finance mobilised for climate change purposes as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 7: Disaggregated data for KPI 11 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Climate Theme
Adaptation	712,852,000	19
Mitigation	4,764,054,000	31
Mitigation and adaptation	176,587,000	<5
Unspecified	2,758,952,000	47
Leveraging mechanism and role position
Credit Lines	91,232,000	<5
Direct investment in companies	1,368,000	<5
Project finance	6,475,000	<5
Simple co-financing arrangements	174,587,000	<5
Unspecified	8,138,783,000	6
Origin of public finance mobilised
Developing country finance	750,714,000	16
DAC donor finance	1,471,471,000	14
Multilateral finance	619,712,000	7
Non-DAC donor finance	736,000	<5
Unspecified	5,569,812,000	66
Sector
Agriculture	509,000	<5
Business	24,000	<5
Energy supply	43,853,000	<5
Waste management	7,390,000	<5
Water	11,000	<5
Unspecified	8,360,656,000	8

Case study: PHENOMENAL 

PHENOMENAL is an 8-year programme in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) that aims to create partnerships to deliver green growth in the region by mobilising investments and policy solutions that reduce or prevent greenhouse gas emissions, increasing adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change, particularly for marginalised communities, and reducing environmental degradation. This region is particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change such as higher temperatures, drought and water scarcity, rising sea levels and air pollution. Many of these impacts are exacerbated by institutional failings such as poor management and weak governance, and many of these states are considered ‘fragile’ and are already or are at risk of experiencing conflict. A number of countries like Iran and Saudi Arabia are also key emitters of greenhouse gases. 

Up to the time of reporting, over £260 million in public finance has been mobilised for a variety of projects across the MENA region. This includes a project in Morocco to decarbonise and improve the environmental efficiency of a major tissue and hygiene company, construction of a wastewater system in Jordan to eliminate the need for tankers and cess pits and reduce water pollution, and Egypt’s Nexus of Water, Food and Energy (NWFE) programme, which involves decommissioning 5 gigawatts (GW) of existing inefficient oil and gas power generation capacity and installing 10 GW of renewable energy. This will contribute to the country’s National Climate Strategy to expand renewable energy to 42% by 2035 and reduce approximately 17 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually. 

KPI 12: Volume of private finance mobilised for climate change purposes 

This indicator tracks the amount of private finance mobilised for climate change purposes as a result of UK ICF interventions. It helps measure part of the UK’s contribution to the commitment made by developed countries to mobilise $100 billion of public and private finance per year to help developing countries respond to climate change, as set out in SDG target 13.a. 

Mobilised finance measured under this indicator is from non-public sources such as banks (excluding multilateral or regional development banks), private companies, pension funds, non-governmental organisations, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) financing^{[footnote 16]}, voluntary carbon credit market, insurance companies, private savings, family money, entrepreneurs’ own capital and sovereign wealth funds. It includes all types of finance such as equity, debt and guarantees. 

It is estimated that £7,853,652,000 of private finance has been mobilised between 2011 and 2024, across 81 programmes, an increase of 17% when compared with the cumulative results up to 2023 (Figure 10). Large increases against this KPI were seen in ‘Second phase of DFID’s Support to the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG)’, ‘Transforming Energy Access (TEA)’ and ‘British International Investment (BII) Programme of Support in Africa, South Asia, Indo-Pacific & Carib (2015-2027)’. 

Of the results that reported the disaggregation for origins of private finance mobilised (72% of results), 89% of results were from multiple origins, while the next highest category was from recipient countries (8%). Of the results that disaggregated by finance leveraging mechanism, simple co-financing arrangements were the most frequently used (71%). These arrangements refer to various business partnerships, business surveys, matching programmes and similar, but also result-based approaches to leveraging finance. 

Figure 10

Figure 10: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 12: Volume of private finance mobilised for climate change purposes as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 8: Disaggregated data for KPI 12 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Climate Theme
Adaptation	625,266,000	19
Mitigation	5,037,367,000	46
Mitigation and adaptation	64,485,000	5
Unspecified	2,126,534,000	44
Leveraging mechanism and role position
Common share in flat collective investment vehicle	86,074,000	<5
Credit Lines	242,859,000	6
Direct investment In companies	273,111,000	<5
Guarantees	154	<5
Project finance	414,371,000	9
Shares in the riskiest tranche of structured collective investment vehicle	33,542,000	<5
Simple co-financing arrangements	2,522,908,000	45
Unspecified	4,280,785,000	41
Origin of private finance mobilised
Multiple Origins	4,998,804,000	58
Provider country	10,798,000	5
Recipient country	459,060,000	17
Third high-income/OECD country	158,801,000	11
Unspecified	2,226,188,000	34
Sector
Agriculture	158,000	<5
Business	32,000	<5
Energy supply	325,613,000	6
Industrial processes	238,000	<5
Residential	35,000	<5
Transport	18,386,000	<5
Waste management	1,188,000	<5
Unspecified	7,508,000,000	20

Case study: Climate Public Private Partnership (CP3) 

The CP3 programme aims to increase low-carbon investment in renewable energy, water, energy efficiency, and forestry in developing countries by demonstrating the commercial viability of these sectors. It aims to address the dual challenges of both climate change and low access to affordable energy that developing countries face, by utilising a public-private partnership structure to increase the role of private finance in driving low-carbon, climate-resilient growth. This can help deliver competitive financial returns as well as climate and development impacts, and potentially unlock new sources of climate finance from institutional investors. CP3 has invested in private equity funds including £50 million to the Catalyst Fund, managed by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), for investments in Africa, Asia and Latin America. CP3 has supported a portfolio of 124 projects, mobilising a cumulative total of over £86 million in private finance to date. 

KPI 15: Extent to which ICF intervention is likely to lead to transformational change 

For KPI 15, programmes score their likelihood of leading to transformational change on a scale from 1 to 5. For this reason, the results cannot be reported cumulatively. Instead, we present the distribution of scores across all reporting programmes. 

In 2023 the KPI 15 scoring was updated to use 1-5 scale (from previously reported 0-4) and qualitative descriptions for each score were improved to make it easier to distinguish between different scores on the scale (see Table 9). Due to the change in scoring approach, data are presented for 2022 to 2023 and 2023 to 2024 only, with the time series of previous scores presented in the Appendix of the 2023 ICF Results. 

In total, 132 programmes have reported on KPI 15 since 2011, with 64 reporting this year. 

Figure 11

Figure 11: Annual results achieved for KPI 15: Extent to which ICF intervention is likely to lead to transformational change from April 2022 to March 2024. This shows the number of programmes achieving each score per year on the y axis, and the total number of programmes reporting this KPI is annotated above the bars for context. 

Table 9: Scores and definitions for KPI 15 

Score	Description
1	Substantial evidence transformational change is unlikely or will not occur
2	Partial evidence transformational change is unlikely
3	Not enough evidence yet to assess, or the balance of evidence is inconclusive
4	Partial evidence transformational change is likely
5	Substantial evidence transformational change is likely or already occurring

Case study: Rural electrification in Sierra Leone (RESL) 

Fully funded by the UK Government and implemented by the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), RESL is supporting the construction of 95 rural mini-grids in Sierra Leone operated by 3 private companies (PowerGen, Power Leone and WINCH Energy). Sierra Leone has one of the lowest electrification rates in the world, with a national rate of 26%, which drops to only 6% in rural areas^{[footnote 17]}. This is a key constraint for economic development, improving health and educational outcomes and reducing fossil fuel emissions. Most rural households are still heavily dependent on polluting fuels such as biomass (namely unsustainable fuel wood and charcoal) for cooking and kerosene for lighting. 

The programme aimed to provide off-grid solar electricity to rural households, businesses and public institutions through 3 components:(1) installing solar power in Community Health Centres (CHCs), (2) expanding a subset of these to solar power mini-grids, and completion of larger mini-grids through a mixture of private sector investment by the operators and project grant financing, and (3) providing technical assistance for design, procurement and implementation; and institutional and skills development for public agendas and local private entrepreneurs. 

This is a programme that was given a score of 5 (substantial evidence transformational change is likely or already occurring) against KPI 15, as there has been strong evidence to suggest that the RESL programme has been the catalyst for stimulating investment and commitments to the energy sector. Prior to this intervention, the solar mini-market in Sierra Leone was limited. This programme has not only improved clean energy access to nearly 100 rural communities in the country, but it has brought about transformational change through political will, with solar mini-grids now a major component of national energy security plans for Sierra Leone. There is also evidence of replicability, with several other donors having signed agreements with the Government of Sierra Leone to launch their own solar mini-grid programme, with some using the RESL model, demonstrating transformational change. 

KPI 17: Area under sustainable management practices 

Ecosystem degradation is a major driver of biodiversity loss and carbon emissions, which both exacerbates, and is exacerbated by, climate change. It reduces the benefits that people derive from the natural environment, including contributions to their livelihoods, health and wellbeing. By working to manage ecosystems sustainably, we can mitigate the impacts of climate change, protect ecosystem services and biodiversity, while also making them more resilient to future climate shocks. 

What constitutes sustainable management is context specific and will vary geographically, as well as depending on the dominant ecosystem and its use in the region. Sustainable management may include, but is not limited to, vegetation management, aquaculture, habitat protection or restoration. These interventions support the achievement of SDG target 12.2 on sustainable management and effective use of natural resources, and SDG 14.2 and 15.1 on sustainable use and restoration of land and sea ecosystems. This indicator also contributes towards the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework target 10 for ensuring ecosystem use is managed sustainably. 

A total of 4,229,000 hectares have received sustainable management practices through ICF from April 2011 to March 2024, reported by 21 programmes. This was an increase of 1,068,000 hectares (34%) from the previous year (Figure 12) with 5 new programmes reporting against this indicator. The programmes that contributed the largest increases in results for this KPI in the last year were ‘Forest Carbon Partnership Facility – Carbon Fund (FCPF -C)’, the ‘Support to the multilateral Climate Investment Funds (CIFs)’ and ‘Building Resilience and adapting to climate change in Malawi’. There were also some programmes that revised their historical results as a result of improvements to methodologies and data quality, leading to an increase of 460,000 hectares in historical results. 

Updates to this indicator’s methodology in February 2023 broadened the practices that can be included, allowing for non-forest environments such as marine, freshwater and agricultural. 

The ecosystem type being managed has been reported for 6% of results. Where disaggregated results are available, the ecosystem types being managed are intensive land-use (80%), brackish tidal (20%) and tropical-subtropical forests (<1%). 

Disaggregation of the results by sustainable management theme was reported for 9% of results (83% management, 13% protection and 4% restoration, where theme disaggregation was available). 

Figure 12

Figure 12: Cumulative annual results achieved for KPI 17: Area under sustainable management practices as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 10: Disaggregated data for KPI 17 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Ecosystem type
Brackish tidal	50,000	<5
Intensive land-use	201,000	<5
Tropical-subtropical forests	412	<5
Unspecified	3,977,000	10
Sustainable management practice
Coastal management	462	<5
Forest management	29,000	<5
Rehabilitation	10	<5
Restoration	14,000	<5
Vegetation management	48,000	<5
Unspecified	4,136,000	10
Sustainable management theme
Management	310,000	7
Protection	50,000	<5
Restoration	14,000	<5
Unspecified	3,854,000	14

Case study: Low-carbon agriculture for avoided deforestation and poverty reduction Phase II (Rural Sustentavel) 

The Rural Sustentável programme (2016-2026) aims to reduce deforestation by improving agriculture and land use practices among rural producers in Brazil and directly supports the implementation of the Low-Carbon Agriculture Plan by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. Activities include delivering forest restoration activities on degraded pasturelands and the adoption of sustainable low-carbon agriculture, which can improve agricultural production whilst protecting native vegetation. This is leading to a more sustainable system of agricultural production and secures sustainable livelihoods for rural communities across the Brazilian biomes: PRS Amazon, PRS Cerrado, and PRS Caatinga. 

The Caatinga biome within this programme is located in Northeast Brazil, where agriculture plays a key role with approximately 32% of farms in Brazil located within it^{[footnote 18]}. Traditional agricultural practices, such as the use of slash and burn and overgrazing, are common, causing land degradation and increasing desertification. As a result, the Caatinga has become the third most degraded biome in Brazil. The project has provided technical assistance to small and medium-size local farmers in the adoption of climate-smart technologies in addition to training of farmers and rural organizations to support the adoption of these technologies. Support to value chains and market access strengthened the capacities of small farmer organisations through the financing of collective benefits, such as water storage, seedling nurseries, small-scale storage facilities, and tools for compost production. 

International Climate Finance Technical Assistance key performance indicator results 

Technical Assistance Key Performance Indicators (TA KPIs) cover technical assistance (TA) activities which are a form of non-financial development assistance provided by specialists, and can include: 

• capacity building e.g. supporting individuals in gaining knowledge or capacity through training, workshops, conferences 

• policy support and evidence e.g. sharing information and advice through knowledge products, support for project planning or policy development, or providing data or climate information 

• project and investment support e.g. providing assistance to develop projects more effectively, expert guidance, supporting collaboration between public and private actors 

Most monitoring and reporting approaches currently, implicitly or explicitly, assume capital spending, and so are not well suited for tracking the activities and performance of programmes solely delivering TA. Additionally, ICF TA is often provided alongside other support such as capital investment from UK Government or another development partner, TA support from other organisations, and national government financial and technical contributions. This makes it more challenging or even impossible to isolate results that are specifically attributable to ICF TA support, therefore, TA indicators measure ICF TA’s contributions to results^{[footnote 19]} 

The results for the TA indicators have been presented in the same format as the earlier KPIs but, because these indicators are relatively new, there is little data until very recently. However, some programmes were able to retrospectively report against these indicators, which is why we have included the full time series in the charts. 

TA KPI 1: Number of countries supported by ICF technical assistance 

The ICF TA KPI 1 indicator seeks to provide a high-level assessment of the breadth of coverage of ICF TA support for climate action by measuring the number of countries that have received TA support from ICF. ICF supports ODA eligible countries, and this list is revised every 3 years. Results are reported cumulatively; therefore, the list of countries represent those which have received a form of technical assistance support since 2011 but not necessarily in the latest year. Some countries are no longer eligible for ICF TA support but appear in the list because they were eligible in previous years. The map in figure 13 shows the countries that were supported in the most recent year (2023 to 2024). 

A total of 61 programmes have delivered TA across 137 countries from April 2011 to March 2024. 

Figure 13

Figure 13: Countries supported with technical assistance reported by ICF TA KPI 1 in 2023 to 2024 (darker shading). 

Table 11: Countries supported by ICF Technical Assistance from April 2011 to March 2024 

Countries supported by ICF technical assistance

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte D’Ivoire, Cuba, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Republic of the Congo, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Türkiye, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Case study: Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA) 

The CASA programme supports small and medium-sized agribusinesses with smallholder supply chains to build inclusive, climate-resilient agri-food systems that increase smallholder farmer income and strengthen food production, food security and nutrition outcomes in priority developing countries. The programme has 3 contracted components: 

• NIRAS and Swisscontact supporting early stage small and medium-sized agribusinesses to trial innovative business models and growth strategies, which bring more stakeholders into selected commercial value chains and demonstrate proof of concept to investors
• providing long-term technical assistance to larger export-oriented agribusinesses through the CASA Technical Assistance Facility (implemented through TechnoServe), to export smallholder supply chains, increase their development impact and attract further investment
• NIRAS leading on learning and evidence on other components and other commercial agricultural programmes to develop high-quality research, knowledge products and events, informing policy on sustainable investment in agriculture in low-income countries

CASA provides support for developing countries that is tailored to their specific contexts and focuses on agribusinesses that have the most potential to bring in transformative change to smallholders. The CASA Technical Assistance Facility has supported smallholder farmers, microenterprises and investor partners, while the learning and evidence component has helped strengthen the evidence base for informing commercial agricultural programming. 

Climate-smart tomato demo plot in Nepal. Photo: Caz Shaps

TA KPI 2.1: Number of individuals supported by ICF technical assistance 

This indicator estimates the number of individuals that have been supported by technical assistance from ICF. 

From April 2011 to March 2024, 1,844,000 individuals were supported through 55 ICF programmes delivering technical assistance. ‘Support to the multilateral Climate Investment Funds (CIFs)’ delivered the largest contribution to these results. 

This TA KPI is disaggregated by actor that has received support, age, climate theme, disability, geography, sector, sex and type of technical assistance. Of results that were disaggregated by type of technical assistance (63%), capacity building (77%) and project and investment support (22%) were the main focus, with a few results reported in policy support and evidence. Sector disaggregation was provided for 58% of results where the sectors with the largest results were agriculture and energy supply (89% and 8%). For results that had sex disaggregation available (37%), 51% of beneficiaries were male and 49% were female. Where disaggregated data were available for geography (40%), 99% of beneficiaries were in rural locations. 

Figure 13: Cumulative annual results achieved for TA KPI 2.1: Number of individuals supported by ICF technical assistance as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 12: Disaggregated data for TA KPI 2.1 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Actor that has received support
Academia	83	<5
Finance sector	285	<5
NGO/civil society	22,000	10
Private sector	549,000	8
Public sector	244,000	15
Unspecified	1,028,000	29
Age
Adult (age 25 to 64)	1,200	7
Unspecified	1,843,000	52
Climate theme
Adaptation	965,000	13
Mitigation	182,000	18
Mitigation and adaptation	4,500	5
Unspecified	692,000	36
Disability
Not disabled	254	<5
Unspecified	1,844,000	56
Geography
Rural	723,000	6
Urban	7,200	5
Unspecified	1,114,000	48
Sector
Agriculture	956,000	9
Business	98	<5
Energy supply	84,000	8
Fisheries and aquaculture	22	<5
Forestry	1,600	<5
Industrial processes	605	<5
Land/sea-use and land/sea-use change	17,000	<5
Public	3,600	7
Residential	<20	<5
Transport	564	<5
Waste management	3,300	<5
Water	433	<5
Unspecified	775,000	39
Sex
Female	336,000	36
Male	354,000	35
Unspecified	1,153,000	43
Type of technical assistance
Capacity building	889,000	33
Policy support and evidence	8,400	<5
Project and investment support	259,000	6
Unspecified	686,000	34

Case study: Building resilience in Ethiopia 

The Building Resilience in Ethiopia (BRE) programme aimed to support the Ethiopian Government’s efforts to build a more effective, self-financed and accountable response to humanitarian and climate shocks. It provided technical assistance to regional and sub-regional governments to strengthen disaster risk management, public health emergency management, shock response and disaster risk finance. Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to climate change and has one of the world’s highest caseloads of people in need of humanitarian assistance, driven by a combination of natural and human-induced hazards such as drought, flooding and conflict. 

The technical assistance was implemented by Oxford Project Management who built on existing systems and took a demand-led approach to ensure government ownership and sustainability. Among others, it supported the Government of Ethiopia to refresh its Disaster Risk Management Policy and develop a new Disaster Risk Financing Strategy. Disaster risk-informed planning capacity was also strengthened through training in 6 regions. 

Pastoralist woman in front of her ‘tukul’ at Dubluk internally displaced people (IDP) camp in Borena Ethiopia. Photo: Lone Sorensen.

 

TA KPI 2.2: Number of organisations supported by ICF technical assistance 

This indicator estimates the number of organisations supported by technical assistance from ICF. 

From 2011 to March 2024, a total of 3,756 organisations were supported through 53 different programmes. The ‘Climate Smart Development for Nepal’ programme contributed the most to this result. 

This TA KPI is disaggregated by actor that has received support, climate theme, sector and type of technical assistance. Sector disaggregation was available for 55% of results. The sectors supported were diverse and varied with 42% of organisations in the energy supply sector, 25% agriculture, 11% in the public sector and 7% in transport. Other sectors supported included business, waste management, industrial processes, land/sea-use and land/sea-use change, forestry, water and residential. Of the 54% of results disaggregated by type of technical assistance, 68% of these results contributed towards capacity building, 16% policy support and evidence and 16% project and investment support. 

Figure 14

Figure 14: Cumulative annual results achieved for TA KPI 2.2: Number of organisations supported by ICF technical assistance as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 13: Disaggregated data for TA KPI 2.2 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Actor that has received support
Academia	113	7
Finance sector	208	10
NGO/civil society	173	11
Private sector	556	18
Public sector	991	30
Unspecified	1,700	38
Climate theme
Adaptation	418	12
Mitigation	1,700	17
Mitigation and adaptation	183	9
Unspecified	1,300	45
Sector
Agriculture	527	7
Business	109	8
Energy supply	866	12
Forestry	26	<5
Industrial processes	48	5
Land/sea-use and land/sea-use change	39	<5
Public	221	11
Residential	5	<5
Transport	136	5
Waste management	95	<5
Water	10	<5
Unspecified	1,600	46
Type of technical assistance
Capacity building	1,300	16
Policy support and evidence	325	15
Project and investment support	325	15
Unspecified	1,700	38

Case study: Financial Sector Deepening Africa 

Established by the UK in 2012, FSD Africa (Financial Sector Deepening Africa) is a specialist development agency working to mobilise private finance in Africa, with a focus on climate finance. It works on policy and regulatory reform, building institutional capacity, improving financial infrastructure, and addressing systemic challenges in financial markets to mobilise green finance and spark scalable, long-term change. 

Through its investment arm, FSD Africa Investments (FSDAi), it deploys risk capital to mobilise private investment in cutting-edge ideas with the potential to transform financial markets and drive flows of green finance. FSD Africa takes on investments that have smaller ticket sizes, are more complex and riskier than those by typical development finance institutions, to unlock finance for innovative sectors. Through technical assistance, FSD Africa supports capacity building to increase collaboration between governments, private sector and civil society on green finance and risk prevention and management This helps establish new financial investment channels and improve market transparency, thereby increasing investor confidence and providing material benefits for local communities. 

In 2021, FSD Africa released a new ‘Financing a Sustainable Future’ Strategy for the period 2021 to 2025, highlighting the need for much greater levels of climate finance, and reflecting a shift in themes towards green finance, prioritising a gender-based approach to address challenges surrounding gender equity. FSDAi complements this through seeking financial ventures with the potential to test and drive innovative models that can address market failures, and provide early-stage, risk-bearing capital to breakthrough firms/funds that can strengthen financial markets in Africa. 

TA KPI 3: Number of climate policies informed by ICF technical assistance 

This TA KPI indicator counts the number of public sector climate policies informed by ICF technical assistance programming. This indicator accounts for all forms of TA delivered, ranging from training workshops to knowledge products to feasibility studies. 

From 2011 to March 2024, a total of 235 climate policies were informed by ICF TA. The ‘Climate Smart Development for Nepal’ programme had the largest increase in results (see the Case Study below for further detail). 

TA KPI 3 is disaggregated by sector, international, national or sub-national, climate theme and type of technical assistance. 75% of the results were disaggregated by sector, with 35% categorised as energy supply, 15%, as waste management, 11% as agriculture, 11% as transport, and less than 10% for each of public, forestry, land/sea-use and land/sea-use change, business, industrial processes and water. Of the 49% results disaggregated by type of technical assistance, 87% focused on policy support and evidence and 12% on project and investment support. 

Figure 15

Figure 15: Cumulative annual results achieved for TA KPI 3: Number of climate policies informed by ICF technical assistance as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 14: Disaggregated data for TA KPI 3 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Climate Theme
Adaptation	37	5
Mitigation	120	17
Mitigation and adaptation	30	<5
Unspecified	48	16
International, national or sub-national
International	2	<5
National	94	13
Sub-National	53	8
Unspecified	86	15
Sector
Agriculture	20	<5
Business	9	<5
Energy supply	62	5
Forestry	10	<5
Industrial processes	4	<5
Land/sea-use and land/sea-use change	10	<5
Public	15	6
Transport	19	<5
Waste management	26	<5
Water	2	<5
Unspecified	58	12
Type of technical assistance
Capacity building	1	<5
Policy support and evidence	99	16
Project and investment support	14	<5
Unspecified	121	13

Case study: Climate Smart Development for Nepal 

The Climate Smart Development programme (CSD) is a strategic portfolio programme that aims to support Nepal’s resilience to the impacts of climate change and enhance low carbon development through technical assistance and financial aid. Nepal is a country with a wide array of geographical features and the majority of the poorest people live in more remote areas where climate-related impacts like floods, landslides and droughts are becoming frequent and more severe. Additionally, brick kilns form a major component of Nepal’s economy. At the start of the project in 2016, there were roughly 800 brick kilns in the country with an estimated annual investment of US $36 million (MinErgy Nepal, 2015). However, brick production remains largely inefficient, relies on poor labour standards and contributes a significant portion of the country’s annual greenhouse gas emissions. 

By 2023, the programme helped to increase the level of acceptance for clean kiln technology in Nepal and surrounding countries and led to an increased level of investment from the private sector which has contributed to the emission reduction of around 500 brick kilns in Nepal, as well as 7847 kilns in Pakistan. Additionally, in October 2023, the Government of Nepal, provided with technical assistance from the programme’s Policy and Institutions Facility (PIF) and support from other agencies, endorsed a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Implementation Plan. This builds on the principle of integrating climate change into government planning and budgeting processes, as well as a Climate Finance Strategy and Action Plan. Climate change and disaster risk management were listed as critical priorities for the Government, and a plan to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and a long-term Strategy on Net-Zero Emissions was also submitted to the UNFCCC. 

International Development Committee UK Parliament Members being briefed on energy efficient brick kiln technology. Photo: Ugan Manandhar.

TA KPI 5: Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided, supported by International Climate Finance technical assistance 

ICF TA KPI 5 aims to provide a measure of the results of UK ICF technical assistance programming in supporting reductions in GHG emissions or avoided GHG emissions among countries, investments, or projects. As it is challenging to attribute particular outcomes to TA support specifically, this indicator does not attempt to determine a specific volume of emissions reductions that ICF TA has causally influenced or that can be directly attributed to ICF investments. Instead, it measures the contribution of ICF TA to emissions abatement: the total volume of emissions reduced or avoided that have been supported by ICF TA. Therefore, this is a broader measure than KPI 6, which measures the volume of emissions reductions that can be directly attributable to ICF (which is not possible to identify in many cases of TA provision). Technical assistance and capital investment programmes may report on both these indicators, so some emissions may be reported under one indicator and others may be reported under both. 

Up to March 2024, ICF TA from 9 programmes supported the reduction/avoidance of a total of 66,644,000 tonnes of CO2 (tCO2e) emissions. The largest increase in results came from the ‘Accelerating Innovation Monitoring For Forests (AIM4Forests)’ programme. 

TA KPI 5 can be disaggregated by sector and type of technical assistance. 17% of results were disaggregated by sector, with 64% categorised as waste management, 16% as energy supply and 14% as agriculture. 33% of results were disaggregated by type of technical assistance, with the vast majority (99%) of results focused on capacity building. 

Figure 16

Figure 16: Cumulative annual results achieved for TA KPI 5: Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided, supported by International Climate Finance technical assistance as a result of UK ICF, from April 2011 to March 2024 

Table 15: Disaggregated data for TA KPI 5 

Disaggregation	Total achieved	Number of programmes
Sector
Agriculture	1,661,000	<5
Business	446	<5
Energy supply	1,907,000	<5
Forestry	1,500	<5
Industrial processes	268,000	<5
Residential	360,000	<5
Transport	294	<5
Waste management	7,373,000	<5
Unspecified	55,070,000	6
Type of technical assistance
Capacity building	21,948,000	<5
Policy support and evidence	205	<5
Project and investment support	195,000	<5
Unspecified	44,500,000	<5

Case study: Partnerships for Forests (P4F) 

Partnerships for Forests is a UK government-funded programme managed by Palladium, which provides grant funding and technical assistance to catalyse investment into sustainable agriculture and forest management, creating jobs and livelihoods, while protecting forests. Around one quarter of greenhouse gas emissions come from the land use sector, primarily through forest loss, peatland degradation and agriculture. Rising populations, incomes and demand for food, fuel and fibre will increase future pressures on forests, and a new approach to land use is required to balance forest protection and restoration with sustainable agricultural practices and sustainable economic development. Partnerships for Forests supports work to develop, demonstrate and scale-up this new approach, working with the private sector to create market-ready ‘Forest Partnerships’ that mobilise investment and offer an attractive balance of risks and benefits that forests can provide for the private and public sectors, as well as local communities. 

In a first phase of operations, the programme mobilised significant private investment for protecting and restoring tropical landscapes, bringing benefits to small farmers and communities in remote rural regions of developing countries as well as contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. 

Harvesting of fruit from açai palm. Photo: Partnerships For Forests

 

Corrections 

If an error in any of these results is discovered after publication, a proportionate response will be made depending on whether the incorrect value would lead to a materially different conclusion. If it would, FCDO will issue an ‘unscheduled revision’ as soon as possible after the error is discovered. Errors which are smaller in magnitude will be corrected in the next annual update on ICF results. 

If you have an idea to improve this publication, please get in touch at statistics@fcdo.gov.uk. 

Appendix 

Annex 1: International Climate Finance expected total programme benefits 

Expected total programme benefits include all past and future benefits from current or previous ICF programmes. Benefits include those expected to be delivered after a programme has closed. This is common in climate change mitigation programmes, where, for example, a clean energy technology has been installed that will continue to deliver emissions reductions during the technology’s lifetime. Adjustments are made to reflect risks such as the technology breaking down. 

Both KPI 15 and TA KPI 1 do not report expected total programme benefits. For KPI 15, this is because scores are provided at a programme level meaning results cannot be aggregated. For TA KPI 1, some programmes will determine the specific countries they will deliver technical assistance to later in the programme’s lifetime. Since we only count each country once, we do not report expected total programme benefits due to the risk of double counting. 

How to use expected total programme benefits 

Expected total programme benefits can be used to estimate the longer-term achievements of UK ICF by taking account of projected future benefits. At the planning stage of a programme, expected total programme benefits are modelled based on assumptions about the context and the effectiveness of interventions. These estimates are revised during implementation and may go up or down as better data become available. As programme monitoring finishes at programme closure, counting the total programme benefits allows a more comprehensive assessment of the overall achievements of ICF. There is not a set end date for the expected total programme benefits shown here, as the end date varies for each individual programme. Please note expected total programme benefits are not targets and should not be treated as such. 

Table 16: Expected total programme benefits 

KPI number	KPI title	Expected total programme benefits
ICF KPI 1	Number of people supported to better adapt to the effects of climate change as a result of ICF	213,505,000 people
ICF KPI 2.1	Number of people with improved access to clean energy as a result of ICF	173,069,000 people
ICF KPI 2.2	Number of social institutions with improved access to clean energy as a result of ICF	1,676 institutions
ICF KPI 4	Number of people whose resilience has been improved as a result of ICF	57,853,000 people
ICF KPI 6	Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided	1,433,591,000 tonnes of CO2 (tCO2e)
ICF KPI 7	Installed capacity of clean energy as a result of ICF	10,000 megawatts (MW)
ICF KPI 8	Ecosystem loss avoided	43,054,000 hectares
ICF KPI 10	Value of ecosystem services generated or protected as a result of ICF	637,132,000 GBP (£)
ICF KPI 11	Volume of public finance mobilised for climate change purposes as a result of ICF	17,168,193,000 GBP (£)
ICF KPI 12	Volume of private finance mobilised for climate change purposes as a result of ICF	18,284,777,000 GBP (£)
ICF KPI 15	Extent to which ICF intervention is likely to lead to transformational change	Not applicable
ICF KPI 17	Area under sustainable management practices as a result of ICF	56,099,000 hectares
ICF TA KPI 1	Number of countries supported by ICF Technical Assistance	Not applicable
ICF TA KPI 2.1	Number of individuals supported by ICF Technical Assistance	4,856,000 people
ICF TA KPI 2.2	Number of organisations supported by ICF Technical Assistance	4,389 organisations
ICF TA KPI 3	Number of climate policies informed by ICF Technical Assistance	320 policies
ICF TA KPI 5	Tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reduced or avoided through ICF Technical Assistance	367,639,000 Tonnes of CO2 (tCO2e)

Annex 3: List of programmes that have contributed to the ICF results 

This includes all programmes that have reported ICF results, including programmes that have since closed. These programmes range from fully ICF funded to those that only include a small ICF component. Further details of programmes can be found on DevTracker by searching the programme ID. 

Table 17: All programmes that have ever reported ICF results between 2011 and 2024 

Programme ID	Programme title
PRPIND001007	Accelerating Smart Power and Renewable Energy in India (ASPIRE)
PRPIND001005	UK – Niti Aayog Electric Mobility Accelerator Programme
PRPIND001004	Voluntary Contribution to support IEA activities in India within Clean Energy Transitions Programme
PRPIND001002	Exploring Policy and Institutional arrangements for advancing City – Decarbonisation
GB-GOV-52-CSSF-06-000023	Conflict, Stability and Security Fund (CSSF) Middle East Peace Process
GB-GOV-50-PF-13B-INJRE	Indonesia Renewable Energy Programme (MENTARI)
GB-GOV-3-PF-CHP-924	China Prosperity Fund Portfolio Phase 1 Programme- Energy and Low Carbon Economy
GB-GOV-3-PF-ASEAN	Support on Floating Solar PV Projects in Laos
DefraPO026	Nature Positive Economy
DefraPO025	Darwin Initiative
DefraPO023	Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR)
DefraPO022	Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance (ORRAA)
DefraPO021	Ocean Country Partnership Programme (OCPP)
DefraPO020	Global Plastic Action Partnerships (GPAP)
DefraPO018	Cities4Forests
DefraPO016	Global Centre for Biodiversity and Climate (GCBC)
DefraPO015	TFND
DefraPO014	Global Programme for Sustainability
DefraPO013	Low Carbon Agriculture and Avoided Deforestation in Brazil – Phase 2 (Rural Sustentavel Phase 2)
DefraPO012	Low Carbon Agriculture and Avoided Deforestation in Brazil – Phase 1 (Rural Sustentavel Phase 1)
DefraPO009	Land Degradation Neutrality Fund
DefraPO008	UK Blue Carbon Fund
DefraPO006	UNDP Climate promise
DefraPO005	BIOFIN
DefraPO004	Sustainable cold chain solutions (F-gases)
DefraPO003	The eco.business Fund
DefraPO002	Reducing Deforestation and Forest Fires in the Brazilian Cerrado
DefraPO001	Blue Forests Initiative
025-Ci-Dev	Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev)
009-GETFiT	Global Energy Transfer Feed-in Tariff (GETFiT)
0046-AIM4Forests	Accelerating Innovation Monitoring For Forests (AIM4Forests)
0045-IDBABFM	IDB Amazon Bioeconomy and Forests Management
0044-ETP	South East Asia Energy Transition Programme (ETP)
0043-GFDT	Global Facility to Decarbonise Transport (GFDT)
0042-LEAF	Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest finance (LEAF) Coalition
0040-MFF	Mobilising Finance for Forests (MFF)
0038-PMI	Partnerships for Market Implementation (PMI)
0037-CEIF	Clean Energy Innovation Facility (CEIF)
0036-CFA	Climate Finance Accelerator (CFA)
0034-CASA	Capacity Building for International Negotiations (CASA)
0033-ESMAP	Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP)
0032-MAGC	Market Accelerator for Green Construction (MAGC)
0029-KEEP	Knowledge, Evidence and Engagement Portfolio (KEEP)
0028-C	2050 Calculator
0027-TCAF	Transformational Carbon Asset Fund (TCAF)
0026-PMR	Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR)
0023-FSP	Fiji Support Programme
0022-CBIT	Capacity Building for Transparency Initiative (CBIT)
0020-SPS	Silvopastoral Systems (SPS)
0019-REM	REDD Early Movers programme (REM)
0017-FCPF-C	Forest Carbon Partnership Facility – Carbon Fund (FCPF -C)
0016-ISFL	BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forested Landscapes (ISFL)
0015-UKCI	UK Climate Investments (UKCI)
0012-TGIL	The Global Innovation Lab
0011-GCPF	Global Climate Partnership Fund (GCPF)
0008-NDCP	NDC Partnership (NDCP)
0007-MAF	Mitigation Action Facility (MAF)
0006-CETP	Clean Energy Transition Programme (CETP)
0003-CLIC	Climate Leadership In Cities (CLIC)
0002-CEFTA	Clean Energy Fund Technical Assistance Programme (CEF TA)
0001-CCUS	International Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS)
400095	Risk Informed Early Action Partnership (REAP)
400094	Race to Resilience (RtR)
400093	Delivering Locally-Led Adaptation Action (LIFE-AR)
400020	India Challenge Enabling Fund (ICE)
301583	Humanitarian Response Pakistan – 2022 Floods
301532	Climate Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems
301527	Supporting Afghanistan’s Basic Services
301517	Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP)
301516	Sustainable Infrastructure Programme – Latin America (SIP LA)
301502	Territorios Forestales Sostenibles (TEFOS)
301499	Urban Climate Action Programme
301495	UK Partnering for Accelerating Climate Transitions (UK PACT)
301474	Ethiopia Crises 2 Resilience (EC2R)
301454	Good Governance Fund (Phase 3) Eastern Neighbourhood: Supporting Governance and Economic Reform
301442	Catalytic Climate Action in Iraq
301440	Transforming Access to Climate Finance
301439	Sustainable Blue Economies
301268	Global Environment Facility 8th Replenishment
301253	COVID-19 Green Response and Recovery Support
301240	Enabling Development for Girls Education
301217	Adaptation Adviser Secondment to the Green Climate Fund (Africa)
301183	Livelihoods and Food Security Fund
301160	Small Island Developing States Development and Resilience Programme (SIDAR)
301147	Myanmar Foundations for Peace & Democracy
301142	Pioneering a Holistic approach to Energy and Nature-based Options in MENA for Long-term stability – PHENOMENAL
301013	Resilient Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Emergency Preparedness Programme (RWEPP)
301010	Nepal Local Infrastructure Support Programme (LISP)
301000	Climate Action for a Resilient Asia
300978	Humanitarian Assistance and Resilience Building in Somalia (HARBS)
300921	Mobilising Institutional Capital Through Listed Product Structures
300889	Global Water Leadership in a Changing Climate
300886	Building Resilience in the Sahel through Adaptive Social Protection- Phase II
300857	Better Lives for Somali Women and Children
300856	Green Climate Fund First Replenishment
300836	Propcom+ Supporting economic development in conflict and climate affected regions in Nigeria
300812	The Growth Gateway programme
300808	Africa Regional Climate and Nature Programme (ARCAN)
300798	Building Resilience and Addressing Vulnerability in Emergencies (BRAVE)
300755	Securing global wheat crops for food and nutritional security – in partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
300751	Global Risk Financing (GRIF) Programme
300728	Tackling global plant and animal health risks which threaten global food systems and health – in partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
300725	Transforming Access to WASH and Nutrition Services in Mozambique
300724	Water Resource Accountability in Pakistan (WRAP)
300708	The Evidence Fund
300705	Delivering ambition of the United Nations Secretary General’s Climate Summit 2019 to build resilience to climate change
300702	Accelerating Ethiopia’s Economic Transformation
300686	Support for the Climate Resilience Execution Agency of Dominica
300683	Strengthening Ethiopia’s Adaptive Safety Net (SEASN)
300678	Core Contribution 2020 – 2021 Food and Agriculture Organisation
300675	Low Carbon Development Initiative 2 (LCDI 2) Programme
300667	Supporting Economic Empowerment and Development in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (SEED OPTs)
300655	Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and Protracted Crises (SPARC)
300654	IMMANA Phase 2
300650	Unlocking Prosperity in the Horn of Africa
300644	Enhancing Digital and Innovations for Agri-food Systems and Livelihoods (eDIAL)
300635	Private Enterprise Programme Zambia Phase II
300632	Strengthening Impact Investment Markets for Agriculture (SIIMA)
300580	Educate the Most Disadvantaged Children in Bangladesh
300555	Global Land Governance Programme
300554	Bangladesh – Rohingya Response and National Resilience (RRNR)
300539	Pioneer Outcomes Funds (POF)
300531	Africa Humanitarian Response Fund
300524	Strengthening Disaster Recovery and Resilience in the Caribbean
300489	Africa Food Trade and Resilience programme
300467	Better Assistance in Crises (Social Protection)
300452	Global Finance Programme
300432	North East Nigeria Transition to Development Programme
300424	Reducing Deforestation Through Improved Spatial Planning in Papua Provinces, Indonesia
300421	UK : India Fastrack Start-up Fund (FSF)
300418	UK-INDIA Partnership on National Investment and Infrastructure Fund – Green Growth Equity Fund
300414	Essential Healthcare for the Disadvantaged in Bangladesh
300370	Supporting Inclusive Growth in Somalia (SIGS)
300363	Building Resilience in Ethiopia (BRE)
300351	Second phase of DFID’s Support to the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG)
300308	Direct Response through Emergency Cash Transfers
300303	Rural Electrification in Sierra Leone
300298	Humanitarian Response in Mozambique
300274	UK Nigeria Infrastructure Advisory Facility (UKNIAF)
300252	Teacher Effectiveness and Equitable Access for Children (TEACH)
300230	Transboundary Water Management in Southern Africa
300187	Strengthening Palm Oil Sustainability in Indonesia
300185	Supporting a Sustainable Future for Papua’s Forests
300168	Zimbabwe – Support to Agriculture, Land Governance and Resilience Programme (2021 -2025)
300166	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Merged Districts (KPMD) Support Programme (previously called the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) Development Programme)
300164	Climate Adaptation Water and Energy Infrastructure Programme
300161	Zambia Social Protection Expansion Programme Phase II
300147	Reducing Insecurity and Violent Extremism in the Northern Territories (Re-INVENT)
300143	Hunger Safety Net Programme (HSNP Phase 3)
300141	Sustainable Energy and Economic Development (SEED) Programme
300137	Regional Economic Development for Investment and Trade (REDIT) Programme
300134	Revenue Mobilisation, Investment and Trade Programme (REMIT)
300128	ASEAN Catalytic Green Finance Facility
300125	Climate Compatible Growth
300124	SMEP – Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Pollution programme
300123	MECS – Modern Energy Cooking Services
300116	Productivity for Prosperity (P4P)
300113	Building Resilience and adapting to climate change in Malawi
300111	Low Energy Inclusive Appliances
300110	Smart Urban Development in Indian States (SmUDI)
300109	Technical Assistance for Smart Cities (TASC)
300102	The Future of Agriculture in Rwanda (FAiR)
300067	Water, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Programme
300057	Global Environment Facility 7th replenishment
300003	Strengthening disaster resilience in Nepal
205271	Support to the International Agriculture Research Centres developing and delivering agriculture technologies and knowledge to reduce poverty, hunger and adapt to climate change
205268	Strengthening humanitarian preparedness and response in Bangladesh
205266	Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative
205258	Green Economic Growth for Papua
205252	To contribute to the Least Developed Countries Fund for adaptation, hosted by the Global Environment Fund.
205246	Girls and out of school children: Action for learning (GOAL)
205238	Financial Sector Deepening Africa (FSDA) Platform
205231	Centre for Disaster Protection (CDP)
205226	Manufacturing Africa – Foreign Direct Investment
205222	Cities and Infrastructure for Growth (CIG)
205195	Rehabilitation of Freetown’s Water Supply System
205188	Increasing access to electricity in Sierra Leone
205157	UK Caribbean Infrastructure Fund
205145	Nepal Health Sector Programme III
205142	The India-UK Global Partnership Programme on Development
205138	Post-Earthquake Reconstruction in Nepal – Building Back Better
205128	Somalia Humanitarian and Resilience Programme (SHARP) 2018-2022
205122	Malawi Humanitarian Preparedness and Response Programme
205118	Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness Programme
205116	Support for Protection and Assistance of Refugees in Kenya (SPARK)
205115	Adapt Environmental and Climate Resilience in Sudan
205082	Rural Water for Sudan (RW4S)
205061	Increasing renewable energy and energy efficiency in the Eastern Caribbean
205045	Zimbabwe Resilience Building Fund Programme(ZRBF)
205027	Delivering climate resilient Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa and Asia
204989	Central Asia Enterprise and Innovation Programme (EIP)
204984	Climate Smart Development for Nepal
204956	CONGO – Improving Livelihoods and Land Use in Congo Basin Forests
204941	Sustainable Inclusive Livelihoods through Tea Production in Rwanda
204940	Improving Market Systems for Agriculture in Rwanda IMSAR
204916	Strategic Partnership Arrangement II between DFID and BRAC
204903	Somali Health and Nutrition Programme (SHINE)
204888	Building Resilience Through Asset Creation and Enhancement II – South Sudan (ICF Programme)
204869	PMEH – Pollution Management & Environmental Health
204867	Transforming Energy Access (TEA)
204842	Promoting Conservation Agriculture in Zambia
204837	BRILHO – Energy Africa Mozambique
204804	Accountability in Tanzania Programme – Phase II
204794	Infrastructure for Climate Resilient Growth in India
204784	Green Mini-Grids Africa Regional Facility for Market Preparation, Evidence and Policy Development
204783	Climate Action for Middle East and North Africa (CAMENA)
204773	Applied Research on Energy and Growth
204764	CGIAR 2017-21, Support to develop and deploy the next generation of agriculture technology to support poor farmers by the international agriculture research organisation the CGIAR, 2017-21
204702	Sanitation, Water and Hygiene for the Rural Poor
204672	Business for Shared Prosperity in Burma
204656	Building Urban Resilience to Climate Change in Tanzania
204640	Zambia Health Systems Strengthening Programme
204637	Africa Clean Energy Programme (ACE)
204624	WISER – Weather and climate Information and SERvices for Africa
204623	Forestry, Land-use and Governance in Indonesia
204607	Sub-National Governance Programme II (SNG II)
204603	Multi-Year Humanitarian Programme in Pakistan
204495	Support to Trademark East Africa Rwanda (TMEA) Rwanda Country Programme – Strategy II
204477	Exiting Poverty in Rwanda
204471	UK Support to Access to Finance Rwanda (AFR) Phase II Operations (2016-2020)
204456	Programme of Support to Agriculture in Rwanda
204420	Gates Agr & Food Systems for Nutrition
204369	Corridors for Growth
204365	Improving Energy Access in Tanzania through Green Mini-Grids
204364	Assisting Public Institutions and Markets to Become Resilient to Effects of Climate Change in Tanzania ( AIM for Resilience)
204338	Sustainable Urban Economic Development Programme (SUED)
204290	Productive Safety Net Programme Phase 4
204270	Africa Division funding to the African Agriculture Development Company (AgDevCo)
204258	Hunger Safety Net Programme
204250	Infrastructure and Cities for Economic Development (ICED)
204248	Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI)
204202	Sustainable Energy for Women and Girls (SEWG)
204196	Burma Humanitarian Assistance and Resilience Programme
204148	Food and Agriculture Organisation Core Assessed Contribution 2018 - 2019
204135	Bihar Agriculture Growth and Reform Initiative (BAGRI)
204059	Supporting Structural Reform in the Indian Power Sector
204056	Global Environment Facility 6th Replenishment
204045	Urban Water for Sudan (UW4S)
204033	Support to Rural Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene in Tanzania
204020	Climatescope – Clean Energy Investment Index
204019	Humanitarian Assistance and Resilience in South Sudan (HARISS) 2015 - 2021
204012	Transforming the Economy through Climate Smart Agribusiness (NU-TEC)
203998	Green Mini-Grids Kenya
203911	India: Infrastructure Equity Fund – Investment in small infrastructure projects in India’s poorest states
203904	Multi-Year Humanitarian Support to Afghanistan
203871	Energy Security and Resource Efficiency in Somaliland
203864	Better Health in Bangladesh
203852	Pathways to Prosperity for Extremely Poor People in Bangladesh (PPEPP)
203844	Research on Growth and High Volume Transport in Low Income Countries
203842	Managing Climate Risks for Urban Poor
203809	Disaster Risk Insurance
203768	Strengthening Emergency Preparedness and Response in Kenya (2014-2018)
203766	Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (One WASH) Programme
203764	Nepal Local Governance Support Programme
203674	Solar Nigeria Programme
203641	Social Protection Support to the Poorest in Rwanda
203640	Ghana Partnership Beyond Aid
203603	Enhancing resilience in Karamoja Uganda
203599	Building adaptation to climate change in health through resilient water, sanitation & hygiene
203595	Achieving Water Security in the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor
203582	Provision of finance to the Rwanda Fund for Climate Change and Environment
203574	Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in Kenya Plus (StARCK+)
203551	Tackling Maternal and Child Undernutrition Programme- Phase II
203491	Support to Bangladesh’s National Urban Poverty Reduction Programme (NUPRP)
203488	Transparency and Right to Information
203473	Productive Social Safety Net Programme
203469	African Risk Capacity (ARC)
203445	Increasing sustainable access to water sanitation and hygiene in the Democratic Republic of Congo
203444	British International Investment (BII) Programme of Support in Africa, South Asia, Indo-Pacific & Carib (2015-2027)
203427	Accelerating Investment and Infrastructure in Nepal
203294	Community Disaster Risk Reduction Fund
203290	Improving climate change resilience in Caribbean communities
203282	Promoting Low Carbon Development with Returnable Capital in Indonesia
203279	CCMCC Promoting cooperation and avoiding conflict in managing the impacts of climate change
203272	Strengthening Health Facilities in the Caribbean
203264	Building Disaster Resilience in Pakistan
203186	Rural Access Programme 3
203185	Asia Regional Resilience to a changing climate (ARRCC)
203180	Climate Proofing Growth and Development in South Asia
203161	Private Sector Development programme in the DRC.
203153	East Africa Geothermal Energy (EA-Geo)
203123	Low Carbon Support to the Ministry of Finance
203052	AgResults
203029	‘Pakistan National Cash Transfers Programme’
202995	Support for Refugees in Kenya (2012-2016)
202976	Providing Clean Energy to the Rural Poor of Bangladesh
202957	Results Based Financing for Low Carbon Energy Access
202956	Global Network of Climate Technology Innovation Centres
202954	Support for Energy Sector Analysis that influences global energy decision makers
202921	Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters
202884	The Water Security Programme
202869	India: Infrastructure Loan Fund – Small loans to bridge the infrastructure gap for the poor
202867	Financing Liveable Habitat for Poor in Low Income States
202844	Southern Agriculture Growth Corridor Programme in Tanzania
202835	Private Enterprise Development in low-income countries (PEDL)
202817	Adaptation for Smallholder Agricultural Programme (ASAP)
202775	South Asia Water Governance Programme (SAWGP)
202762	Supporting Indian Trade and Investment for Africa
202745	Partnerships for Forests (P4F)
202698	Kenya Market Assistance Programme (MAP)
202697	Punjab Education Support Programme II
202691	Support to improved water and sanitation in rural areas – Zimbabwe
202657	Kenya Essential Education Programme
202619	Arid Lands Support Programme
202604	Global Innovation Fund (GIF)
202597	Climate High-Level Investment Programme
202595	Support for priority actions to operationalise the “Implementation Plan for Development Resilient to Climate Change in the Caribbean”
202571	Support to the Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme (GAFSP)
202555	Private Sector Energy Efficiency
202549	Reducing Maternal and Newborn Deaths in Kenya
202541	Climate Smart Agriculture in Africa
202539	Regional Transboundary Water Resources Programme – Phase 3
202536	Scaling up of the Energy and Environment Partnership with Southern and East Africa
202534	Tanzania Climate Change Institutional Strengthening Programme
202520	Water for Three States (Red Sea, Gadarif and Kassala)
202495	Enterprise and Assets Growth Programme
202433	UK Support to Increase Resilience to Natural Disasters in Nepal
202376	Promoting Low Carbon Development in Indonesia
202345	Sanitation and Hygiene Programme in Zambia
202328	Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Education Sector Programme
202214	Malawi Health Sector Support Programme
202108	AGMIP – Agricultural Model Inter-Comparison and Improvement Project
202098	Rural and Agriculture Markets Development programme for Northern Nigeria (PrOpCom Mai-karfi)
201989	Vietnam: DFID-World Bank Climate Change Partnership
201986	Caribbean Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects
201980	Private Enterprise Programme in Zambia
201942	Indonesia Low Carbon Growth Project
201931	Green Africa Power (GAP): Renewable Energy for Africa
201913	Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in Kenya (StARCK)
201866	Strategic Climate Institutions Programme
201857	Market Development in Northern Ghana
201733	Climate Public Private Partnership Programme (CP3)
201724	Forest Governance, Markets and Climate
201575	Renewable Energy and Adaptation Climate Technologies (Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund)
201295	Strategic Influencing Fund
201286	Strategic Partnership between BRAC, DFID and AusAID to support BRAC in delivering progress towards the MDGs in Bangladesh and to support its Institutional Development
201239	Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund for Burma (NUTSEM)
201196	Enhancing Community Resilience Programme
201129	Nepal Climate Change Support Programme
200773	Multi-Stakeholder Forestry Programme – Nepal
200658	Care Adaptation Learning Programme
200498	Accountability in Tanzania Programme (ACT)
200496	Cooperation in International Waters in Africa
200368	Support to the multilateral Climate Investment Funds (CIFs)
200136	Climate Development for Africa
114293	Poorest States Inclusive Growth Programme
114058	Climate Change Programme – Jolobayoo-O-Jibon
113889	Congo Basin Forest Fund (CBFF) Start Up Programme
112082	ESPA – Eco System Services for Poverty Alleviation
102580	Nile Basin Initiative

1. Revised Estimates of the Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Poverty by 2030, World Bank Group, Policy Research Working Paper 9417  ↩

2. WWF Living Planet Report , 2022 (PDF, 65.5MB)  ↩

3. UNFCCC, The Paris Agreement  ↩

4. UNFCCC, 2023. Global Stocktake  ↩

5. World Meteorological Organization, 2024  ↩

6. IPCC Sixth Assessment, 2022 (PDF, 65.6MB)  ↩

7. UNFCCC, 2023. COP 28: What was achieved and what happens next?  ↩

8. FCDO statistics: statement on disclosure control  ↩

9. The non-continuous numbering of ICF KPIs reflects the discontinuation of indicators found not to be well suited to ICF portfolio monitoring in previous reviews.  ↩

10. For this KPI, social institutions are defined as: schools, universities, hospitals, health centres, government institutions, state owned infrastructure and civil society organisations.  ↩

11. IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO. 2024. Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report (PDF, 27.8MB)  ↩

12. Attributed means that our work directly and solely caused the results (this is calculated as a UK share of results where there are multiple donors); contributed means our work was part of a number of factors which led to a result. For further information on attribution, contribution and additionality please see our supplementary guidance on additionality and attribution (PDF, 839KB)  ↩

13. FAO, 2023. The world’s mangroves 2000–2020.  ↩

14. DAC refers to the Development Assistance Committee, an international forum of some of the largest providers of aid, with the aim of promoting development co-operation  ↩

15. ODA funding is reserved for low- and middle-income countries. Only countries and territories included in the DAC list of ODA recipients are eligible to receive this assistance.  ↩

16. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a way to finance emissions mitigation projects by selling certified emission reductions, or CERs. For further information, see https://cdm.unfccc.int/.  ↩

17. Sustainable Energy For All, 2021  ↩

18. Climate Policy Initiative, 2023  ↩

19. Attributed means that our work directly and solely caused the results (this is calculated as a UK share of results where there are multiple donors); contributed means our work was part of a number of factors which led to a result. For further information on attribution, contribution and additionality please see our supplementary guidance on additionality and attribution (PDF, 839KB) ↩