TB infographics 2025 (data to end 2024): text version
Published 9 October 2025
Applies to England
© Crown copyright 2025
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Tuberculosis (TB) in England, data for 2024
- 82% of people diagnosed with TB born abroad
- 26% increase in TB notifications from 2022 to 2024 (4,702 in 2019, 5,490 in 2024)
- TB increased by 30% in the non-UK born population and by 9% in UK born population compared with 2022
Number of TB notifications in England in 2024
Number (and incidence per 100,000 population) by UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) region:
- North East 123 (4.5)
- North West 658 (8.5)
- Yorkshire and Humber 422 (7.4)
- West Midlands 709 (11.5)
- East Midlands 422 (8.3)
- East of England 447 (6.5)
- South West 246 (4.2)
- South East 587 (6.3)
- London 1,876 (20.6)
TB rates in the UK remain among the highest in Western Europe
TB cases per 100,000 population are for 2023 apart from the UK which is 2024:
- Portugal 16
- UK 9
- France 8
- Spain 6
- Germany 5
- Ireland 5
- Netherlands 5
- Italy 4
- Sweden 4
Data sources are World Health Organization (2024) ‘Global tuberculosis report: country, regional and global profiles’ and UKHSA (2025) reports of causes of TB in the UK.
TB is curable
Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes.
Completing treatment reduces the risk of:
- drug-resistant TB
- onward transmission
- disease
- dying
In 2024 median diagnostic delay for infectious TB was 72 days, similar to before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) remains low in England but…
In 2024 there were 9 people notified with pre-XDR (pre-extremely drug-resistant) TB and one with XDR-TB.
MDR TB was 2.2% in 2024 and 2.4% in 2023
MDR TB often requires longer treatment with worse outcomes.
The prevalence of MDR TB by UKHSA region is:
- North East: 1.6%
- North West: 1.7%
- Yorkshire and Humber: 2.7%
- West Midlands: 1.9%
- East Midlands: 2.0%
- East of England: 2.4%
- South West: 1.1%
- South East: 1.7%
- London: 2.0%
Those with social risk factors are most at risk of TB
- 1 in 5 people with TB born in the UK have at least one social risk factor
- 1 in 7 people with TB born outside the UK have at least one social risk factor
People with social risk factors are:
- 40% more likely to have infectious TB
- 70% more likely to die
- 10% less likely to complete treatment
Social risk factors (2024) proportions:
- alcohol misuse: 4.4%
- drug misuse: 4.5%
- prison: 3.7%
- homeless: 6.3%
- asylum seeker: 5.7%
- mental health: 3.1%
Data of those with TB aged 15 and over.
Contact tracing TB is the most important activity in TB prevention
In 2024, screening close contacts of 2,980 people notified with active pulmonary TB resulted in:
- 9,676 contacts identified
- 72% were screened for active and latent TB infection (LTBI)
- Resulting in 182 people diagnosed with TB disease and 1,276 people with LTBI
TB health inequalities are widening (2024)
- widening inequality in TB rate between most deprived and least deprived
- in 2024, there was an absolute difference of 14.2 rate per 100,000 between the most deprived and the least deprived
- TB rate was 5 times higher in the most deprived compared to the least deprived in 2024
- in 2019, there was an absolute difference of 11.6 in rate per 100,000 between the most deprived and the least deprived
- TB rate was 4 times higher in the most deprived compared to the least deprived in 2019