Transparency data

Special adviser data releases: numbers and costs, July 2023 (HTML)

Published 20 July 2023

Special Advisers

Special advisers are a critical part of the team supporting ministers. They add a political dimension to the advice and assistance available to ministers while reinforcing the political impartiality of the permanent Civil Service by distinguishing the source of political advice and support.

Special advisers should be fully integrated into the functioning of government. They are part of the team working closely alongside civil servants to deliver ministers’ priorities. They can help ministers on matters where the work of government and the work of the government party overlap and where it would be inappropriate for permanent civil servants to become involved. They are appointed to serve the Prime Minister and the Government as a whole, not just their appointing minister.

In accordance with section 16 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, the Cabinet Office publishes an annual report containing the number and costs of special advisers. This information is presented below and can be read alongside the Cabinet Office Annual Report and Accounts 2022-2023, which shall be published in due course.

The Cabinet Office also routinely publishes the names of all special advisers along with information on salaries and pay bands. In accordance with the approach taken by other government departments in balancing transparency with individuals’ right to privacy, the salaries of those special advisers earning equivalent to senior civil servants (£70,000 or more) are given in bands of £5,000.

Number of Special Advisers

As at 31 March 2023, there were 117 (115.35 full-time equivalent) special advisers working across the whole of Government. The total Civil Service had 520,560 (488,400 full-time equivalent) civil servants as at March 2023[footnote 1]. Special advisers represent 0.02 per cent of the Civil Service workforce (full time equivalent)[footnote 2].

Cost of Special Advisers

The special adviser pay bill for the financial year 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023 was £15.9 million. This includes £2.9 million paid in severance payments to special advisers, and a headline pay award of 3% for special advisers in scope.

A special adviser’s appointment automatically ends when their appointing minister ceases to hold the ministerial office in relation to which the adviser was appointed to assist, or if earlier, immediately following a parliamentary general election. In accordance with clause 14 of the Model Contract for Special Advisers, a special adviser is entitled to receive a severance payment in these circumstances. Special advisers who are subsequently reappointed repay their severance as laid out in the Model Contract for Special Advisers.

The relative change in the cost of special advisers compared to 2021-22 reflects the changes of administration which took place in September and October 2022, increasing the overall pay bill and severance costs from 2021-22. Salary costs were largely unchanged from 2021-22.

Category 1 April 2022 – 31 March 2023 1 April 2021 – 31 March 2022
Salary Costs £9.0m £9.0m
National Insurance Contributions £1.6m £1.1m
Pension Contributions £2.4m £2.5m
Severance Costs £2.9m £0.1m
Total Pay Costs £15.9m £12.7m

The table below shows the severance costs incurred under each administration in 2022-23, taking into consideration repayments which have been made in respect of reappointments.

Administration Associated Severance Costs
The Rt Hon Boris Johnson MP £1.9m
The Rt Hon Elizabeth Truss MP £1.0m
The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP £0.05m
Total Severance Costs £2.9m

Short Money

In 2022-2023, opposition parties have been allocated £9.7 million of Short Money[footnote 3] and £1.4 million of Cranborne Money[footnote 4], and up to £2 million was available to eligible parties in Policy Development Grant, of which £1.57m was allocated to seven parties in opposition[footnote 5]. Returns on Short Money spending on political staff are published on parliament.uk[footnote 6].

Special Adviser Pay Policy

The Cabinet Office is responsible for Special Adviser Pay Policy. There are four pay bands for special advisers as set out below.

Pay Band 1 Junior Special Adviser - £40,500 to £53,000

Pay Band 2 Special Adviser - £57,000 to £84,000

Pay Band 3 Senior Special Adviser - £73,000 to £102,000

Pay Band 4 Special Adviser Leadership - £102,000 to £145,000

Each role is individually assessed and assigned a band according to the level and scope of responsibility required. Whilst the default is for new appointees to be paid salaries at the base of the pay band, a higher starting salary within the relevant band may be awarded to reflect the skill-set and expertise that an individual brings to the role.

Thorough benchmarking exercises are regularly carried out across the cohort to ensure the pay policy is being applied fairly and consistently. Salaries may be reviewed where there has been a material change in responsibility, or where an individual has demonstrated increased experience and their pay has not otherwise changed in the preceding two years.

Special Advisers’ Declarations of Interest

As with all civil servants, special advisers must ensure that no conflict arises, or could be perceived to arise, between their public duties and their private interests, financial or otherwise.

Special advisers declare interests to their Permanent Secretary in the appointing department for consideration, in line with the Declaration of Interests policy. The personal information which special advisers disclose to the Permanent Secretary is treated in confidence. All special advisers have submitted a completed declaration of interests form, including nil returns in instances where there was no actual, potential or perceived conflict of interest.

Where relevant to the role, and to help manage a perception of conflict or to explain how a conflict is being managed, interests will be published on an annual basis in, or alongside, the relevant departmental Annual Report and Accounts. This provides a balance between transparency and privacy.

The declared interests of all those employed in the period 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023 have been considered for publication, including those who have since left their department.

List of Special Advisers

This list reflects the special advisers in post as of 31 March 2023, working across the whole of government.

Appointing Minister Special Adviser Pay Band Salary Band (if £70,000 or above)
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Liam Booth-Smith 4 £140,000-£144,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Nerissa Chesterfield 4 £110,000-£114,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Aidan Corley 4 £110,000-£114,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Amber de Botton 4 £140,000-£144,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Cassian Horowitz 4 £110,000-£114,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Eleanor Shawcross 4 £140,000-£144,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Will Tanner 4 £125,000-£129,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Rupert Yorke 4 £125,000-£129,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Jack Airey 3 £75,000-£79,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Eden Barnes 3 £80,000-£84,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP John Bew 3 £100,000-£104,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Andrew Gilligan 3 £95,000-£99,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Dominique Heckels 3 £95,000-£99,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Katherine Howell 3 £85,000-£89,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Lisa Lovering[footnote 7] 3 £80,000-£84,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Declan Lyons 3 £95,000-£99,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Douglas McNeil 3 £95,000-£99,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Bill Morgan 3 £90,000-£94,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Elena Narozanski 3 £80,000-£84,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP James Nation 3 £90,000-£94,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Rupert Oldham-Reid 3 £95,000-£99,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Nick Park 3 £90,000-£94,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Jean-Andre Prager 3 £75,000-£79,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Jack Sellers 3 £90,000-£94,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Rajiv Shah[footnote 8] 3 £75,000-£79,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Myles Stacey 3 £70,000-£74,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Beatrice Timpson 3 £75,000-£79,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Meera Vadher 3 £80,000-£84,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Sheridan Westlake 3 £100,000-£104,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Joel Winton[footnote 9] 3 £90,000-£94,999
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Tom D’Silva 2  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Sophia Falkner 2  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Megan Harris 2  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Christopher James 2  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Olivia Leechman 2  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Dan O’Neill 2  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Innes Taylor 2  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP William Dry 1  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Francesca Fraser 1  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Jacob Groet 1  
The Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Minister for the Union – The Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP Callum Tucker 1  
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice – The Rt Hon Dominic Raab MP Beth Armstrong 3 £90,000-£94,999
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice – The Rt Hon Dominic Raab MP Grace Hanson-Eden 2  
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice – The Rt Hon Dominic Raab MP Callum Price 2  
Deputy Prime Minister, Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice – The Rt Hon Dominic Raab MP Sally Rushton 2  
Chancellor of the Exchequer – The Rt Jeremy Hunt MP Adam Smith 4 £110,000-£114,999
Chancellor of the Exchequer – The Rt Jeremy Hunt MP Cameron Brown 3 £75,000-£79,999
Chancellor of the Exchequer – The Rt Jeremy Hunt MP Simon Finkelstein 2  
Chancellor of the Exchequer – The Rt Jeremy Hunt MP Adam Memon 2 £70,000-£74,999
Chancellor of the Exchequer – The Rt Jeremy Hunt MP Alexander Thompson 2  
Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs Giles Dilnot 3 £90,000-£94,999
Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs Hudson Roe 3 £90,000-£94,999
– The Rt Hon James Cleverly MP Victoria Hewson[footnote 10] 2 £80,000-£84,999
– The Rt Hon James Cleverly MP Alice Hopkin 2  
– The Rt Hon James Cleverly MP Jock McMillan 2  
Secretary of State for the Home Department – The Rt Hon Suella Braverman KC MP Katie Lam 3 £100,000-£104,999
Secretary of State for the Home Department – The Rt Hon Suella Braverman KC MP Joel Winton 3 £90,000-£94,999
Secretary of State for the Home Department – The Rt Hon Suella Braverman KC MP Chris Jenkins 2 £75,000-£79,999
Secretary of State for the Home Department – The Rt Hon Suella Braverman KC MP Jake Ryan 2 £80,000-£84,999
Secretary of State for the Home Department – The Rt Hon Suella Braverman KC MP Michael Stott 3 £90,000-£94,999
Secretary of State for Defence – The Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP Daisy Peck 2  
Secretary of State for Defence – The Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP Peter Quentin 2 £80,000-£84,999
Secretary of State for Defence – The Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP Edwina Thomas 2 £75,000-£79,999
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office – The Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP Edward de Minckwitz 4 £110,000-£114,999
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office – The Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP Lucy Noakes 4 £110,000-£114,999
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office – The Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP Frederick Ellery 2  
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office – The Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP Fergus Cameron Watt 1  
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office – The Rt Hon Oliver Dowden CBE MP Madeline Sibley 1  
Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero – The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP Oliver Legard 2  
Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero – The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP Robyn Staveley 2  
Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero – The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP Hebe Trotter 2  
Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero – The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP Jessica Webb 2  
Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Minister for Intergovernmental Relations – The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP Josh Grimstone 3 £80,000-£84,999
Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Minister for Intergovernmental Relations – The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP Andrew Hood 3 £100,000-£104,999
Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Minister for Intergovernmental Relations – The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP Henry Newman 3 £100,000-£104,999
Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Minister for Intergovernmental Relations – The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP Emily Maister 2  
Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Minister for Intergovernmental Relations – The Rt Hon Michael Gove MP Sophia True 2  
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care – The Rt Hon Steve Barclay MP Iain Carter 3 £100,000-£104,999
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care – The Rt Hon Steve Barclay MP Robert Ede 2  
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care – The Rt Hon Steve Barclay MP Caroline Elsom 2 £70,000-£74,999
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care – The Rt Hon Steve Barclay MP Macer Hall 2 £80,000-£84,999
Lord President of the Council, Leader of the House of Commons – The Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP The Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Commons, the Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP, was in the process of appointing her special advisers as at 31 March 2023. The Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Commons, the Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP, was in the process of appointing her special advisers as at 31 March 2023. The Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Commons, the Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt MP, was in the process of appointing her special advisers as at 31 March 2023.
Lord Privy Seal, Leader of the House of Lords – The Rt Hon Lord True CBE Annabelle Eyre 3 £85,000-£89,999
Lord Privy Seal, Leader of the House of Lords – The Rt Hon Lord True CBE Hannah Ellis 2  
Lord Privy Seal, Leader of the House of Lords – The Rt Hon Lord True CBE Daniel Cohen 1  
Secretary of State for Business and Trade, President of the Board of Trade, Minister for Women and Equalities – The Rt Hon Kemi Badenoch MP Daniel El-Gamry 2  
Secretary of State for Business and Trade, President of the Board of Trade, Minister for Women and Equalities – The Rt Hon Kemi Badenoch MP Victoria Hewson 2 £80,000-£84,999
Secretary of State for Business and Trade, President of the Board of Trade, Minister for Women and Equalities – The Rt Hon Kemi Badenoch MP Dylan Sharpe 2 £80,000-£84,999
Secretary of State for Business and Trade, President of the Board of Trade, Minister for Women and Equalities – The Rt Hon Kemi Badenoch MP Joanna Thomas 2  
Secretary of State for Business and Trade, President of the Board of Trade, Minister for Women and Equalities – The Rt Hon Kemi Badenoch MP Sonia Zvedeniuk 2  
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – The Rt Hon Thérèse Coffey MP Alex Kay 2  
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – The Rt Hon Thérèse Coffey MP Megan Tretheway 2  
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – The Rt Hon Thérèse Coffey MP Ed Winfield 2 £75,000-£79,999
Secretary of State for Work and Pensions – The Rt Hon Mel Stride MP Isabel Bruce 2  
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – The Rt Hon Thérèse Coffey MP James Heywood 2  
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – The Rt Hon Thérèse Coffey MP Rebecca MacIntyre 2  
Secretary of State for Education – The Rt Hon Gillian Keegan MP Rory Gribbell 3 £75,000-£79,999
Secretary of State for Education – The Rt Hon Gillian Keegan MP Guy Miscampbell 3 £70,000-£74,999
Secretary of State for Education – The Rt Hon Gillian Keegan MP Lawrence Abel 2  
Secretary of State for Transport – The Rt Hon Mark Harper MP Richard Coates 2  
Secretary of State for Transport – The Rt Hon Mark Harper MP Edgar Johnson 2  
Secretary of State for Transport – The Rt Hon Mark Harper MP Ed Leech 2  
Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport – The Rt Hon Lucy Frazer KC MP Meg Powell-Chandler[footnote 11] 3 £100,000-£104,999
Minister without Portfolio – The Rt Hon Greg Hands MP Stephanie Schwarz[footnote 12] 2  
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – The Rt Hon Chris Heaton-Harris MP Louis Flood 2  
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland – The Rt Hon Chris Heaton-Harris MP Harriet Smith 2  
Secretary of State for Scotland – The Rt Hon Alister Jack MP John Cooper 2 £70,000-£74,999
Secretary of State for Scotland – The Rt Hon Alister Jack MP Magnus Gardham 2 £75,000-£79,999
Secretary of State for Scotland – The Rt Hon Alister Jack MP Geoff Mawdsley 2 £75,000-£79,999
Secretary of State for Scotland – The Rt Hon Alister Jack MP Tom Peterkin 2 £70,000-£74,999
Secretary of State for Wales – The Rt Hon David TC Davies MP Corey Edwards 2  
Secretary of State for Wales – The Rt Hon David TC Davies MP Tomos Povey[footnote 12] 2  
Secretary of State for Wales – The Rt Hon David TC Davies MP Corrie Driscoll 1  
Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology – The Rt Hon Michelle Donelan MP Sam Hamilton 2  
Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology – The Rt Hon Michelle Donelan MP Tom Skinner 2  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (Chief Whip) – The Rt Hon Simon Hart MP Emma Pryor 2  
Chief Secretary to the Treasury – The Rt Hon John Glen MP Mark McClelland12 2  
Attorney General – The Rt Hon Victoria Prentis KC MP Rajiv Shah 3 £75,000-£79,999
Attorney General – The Rt Hon Victoria Prentis KC MP Kayli Free 2  
Minister of State (Minister for Immigration) – The Rt Hon Robert Jenrick MP Tom Milford 1  
Minister of State (Minister for Security) – The Rt Hon Tom Tugendhat MBE VR MP Peter Backhouse 2  
  1. Information taken from Public Sector Employment Survey March 2023, Office for National Statistics. 

  2. Based on information taken from Public Sector Employment Survey March 2023, Office for National Statistics. 

  3. Information taken from Short Money Research Briefing 2023, House of Commons Library 

  4. Information taken from Short Money Research Briefing 2023, House of Commons Library 

  5. Donations and loans 

  6. Financial assistance to opposition parties 

  7. Works part time - the salary band shown represents the full time equivalent, the actual salary is prorated. 

  8. Works 50% time for the Prime Minister, the Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP and 50% time for the Attorney General, the Rt Hon Victoria Prentis KC MP and so therefore appears in this list under both ministers. The salary band shown represents the full time equivalent, the actual salary is prorated. 

  9. Works 50% time for the Prime Minister, the Rt Hon Rishi Sunak MP and 50% time for the Secretary of State for the Home Department, the Rt Hon Suella Braverman KC MP and so therefore appears in this list under both ministers. The salary band shown represents the full time equivalent, the actual salary is prorated. 

  10. Works 50% time for the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, the Rt Hon James Cleverly MP and 50% time for the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, President of the Board of Trade, the Rt Hon Kemi Badenoch MP and so therefore appears in this list under both ministers. The salary band shown represents the full time equivalent, the actual salary is prorated. 

  11. Works part time - the salary band shown represents the full time equivalent, the actual salary is prorated. 

  12. Works part time.  2