Somerset's National Nature Reserves
Updated 19 October 2023
Applies to England
Barrington Hill
Barrington Hill NNR is made up of 4 meadows of unimproved, species-rich neutral grassland. This is a habitat rarely found in England.
Main habitats: grassland
Features of interest
In spring, green-winged orchid are particularly plentiful throughout the meadows. Other orchids regularly recorded include the early purple, common twayblade and common spotted varieties. The best time to visit is between early May and early June.
The site is particularly notable for its abundance of rare French oat-grass, a nationally scarce plant and major constituent of the grassland.
The hedgerows (some with large oaks) are also home to a wide range of birds, small mammals and insects. Local butterflies include common blue, meadow brown, speckled wood, brimstone and orange tip.
To maintain the grassland, a late hay cut is taken from each field in July or August. The aftermath growth is then grazed with cattle and/or sheep. Hedgerows are left to grow uncut for a few years to provide habitat for small mammals and birds. A section of hedge is laid each year.
Directions
The nearest station is Taunton.
Bus services run from Taunton along the A358 to local villages.
Access to the site is by minor roads from the A358. The entrance to the site is located near Barrington Hill Farm on the minor road from Bickenhall to Horton village. Voluntary car parking charges can be paid in advance or on the day using the RingGo app.
Contact
For more information contact Natural England Enquiries, tel. 0300 060 3900 or email enquiries@naturalengland.org.uk
Dunkery and Horner Wood
One of the largest NNRs in England, Dunkery and Horner Wood has a variety of habitats: high moorland with internationally important wet and dry heathland; steeply sloping combe sides with grassland and bracken and ancient woodland.
Main habitats: woodland and moorland
Management: Dunkery and Horner Wood is owned and managed by the National Trust. The majority of the reserve is within the grounds of the Holnicote Estate.
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit can be found on National Trust’s Holnicote Estate web page.
Contact
National Trust
Telephone: 01823 451587 or email: holnicote@nationaltrust.org.uk
Hardington Moor
Hardington Moor NNR is made up of 3 meadows of species-rich grassland surrounded by established hedges. These feature more than 100 higher plant species, making the site one of the finest remaining examples of neutral grassland in England.
Main habitats: grassland
Features of interest
The nationally scarce French oat-grass is common throughout the reserve. Large numbers of green-winged orchid and adder’s tongue fern can be seen. Other orchids regularly recorded include common spotted, pyramidal, common twayblade, early purple, southern marsh, autumn ladies tresses and greater butterfly.
Butterflies seen on the site include the large skipper, green-veined white, green hairstreak, gatekeeper, common blue and tortoiseshell.
Directions
The site is near regional Route 30 (South Somerset Cycle Road) of the Sustrans National Cycle Network and close to the junction with National Route 26.
The Monarch’s Way and the Liberty Trail both pass near the reserve.
The nearest station is Yeovil.
Local bus services run from Yeovil along the A30.
Hardington Moor is 2.5 miles southwest of Yeovil, off the A30. The reserve is next to Coker Hill Lane from Hardington Mandeville to West Coker.
Contact
For more information contact Natural England Enquiries, tel. 0300 060 3900 or email enquiries@naturalengland.org.uk
Hawkcombe Woods
The clean, moist air and sheltered valley of Hawkcombe Woods NNR make these woodlands particularly rich in wildlife and offer a good habitat for a wide range of lichens, mosses and bryophytes.
Main habitats: woodland
Area: about 100 ha
Management: Hawkcombe Woods NNR is owned and managed by the Exmoor National Park Authority (ENPA)
Features of interest:
For information on the wood, its wildlife, vegetation and location, visit the ENPA’s web page on Hawkcombe Wood NNR.
Contact
Exmoor National Park Authority (ENPA)
Telephone: 01398 323 665 or email: info@exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk
Mendip
Mendip NNR incorporates 2 existing NNRs, Ebbor Gorge and Rodney Stoke, into a landscape-scale ‘super’ NNR.
With a series of archipelago sites stretching from Tor Woods in England’s smallest city of Wells, across the southern slopes and plateau of the Mendip Hills, ending in Brean Down, a promontory stretching out into the Severn Estuary, it is the second of the King’s Series of National Nature Reserves. It includes iconic sites such as Cheddar Gorge and Crooks Peak, as well as many smaller, lesser-known but fabulously nature-rich sites, predominantly along the south-facing slopes of the Mendip Hills and following along the route of The Mendip Way long-distance recreational path.
The partnership managing the 31 sites of the National Nature Reserve (NNR) consists of:
- Natural England
- National Trust
- Longleat Enterprises Limited
- Avon and Somerset Wildlife Trusts
- Butterfly Conservation
- The Woodland Trust
- The South West Heritage Trust
- Mendip Hills AONB service
See the declaration notice for details of this latest ‘super’ NNR.
The Mendip NNR is most important for its large stretches of calcareous grasslands, ancient wooded ravines and stunning geology. Threatened champion species such as adders, dormice, horseshoe bats and skylarks; and woodland and grassland flora, including endemic whitebeam species, and Somerset’s county flower, the Cheddar pink.
The majority of the sites are designated as sites of special scientific interest (SSSI), lie within 3 separate special areas of conservation (SAC’s), and mostly within the national landscape of the Mendip Hills area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB). The NNR will form the backbone of nature recovery in this landscape by bringing in 400ha of non-SSSI land where it will be managed with nature conservation as the primary purpose.
Brean Down
This site is owned and managed by the National Trust.
A promontory stretching out into the Severn Estuary, Brean Down is the tapering end of the Mendip Hills, and with its dramatic cliffs above the sea is likened to a ‘natural pier’. The down stands at 97m high and it’s 1.5-mile length offers spectacular views.
As well as dramatic geology and species-rich downland, Brean Down is home to important archaeology and heritage, including the remains of an Iron Age hillfort and Roman temple, the ruins of a Napoleonic fortress and World War 2 gun platforms.
Contact
The National Trust
Tel: 01278 751897
Email: breandown@nationaltrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/somerset/brean-down
Blackmoor
This site is owned by The South West Heritage Trust and managed by the Mendips Hills AONB Service.
Blackmoor, also known as Charterhouse lead works, is a scheduled monument and former Roman and Victorian lead mining area at the top of the southern slopes of the Mendip Hills plateau.
It’s a landscape of remnant borrow pits and spoil heaps from historical lead-mining with associated rare plants. There are mixed habitats of marsh, open water, limestone heath and rough calcareous and calaminarian grassland. This unusual landscape of historical lead-mining works is home to several rare plant species including alpine pennycress, spring sandwort and hoary cinquefoil. The site is a hotspot for adders.
Contact
Web: https://swheritage.org.uk/historic-environment-service/landscapes/blackmoor-heritage-reserve/
Bubwith Acres
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
The site has a range of habitat types, including unimproved acid grassland, limestone outcrops, unimproved mesotrophic grassland, bracken, scrub and areas of relic heath.
In spring and summer, the varying soils across the site support a range of different wildflowers, and reptiles bask on the dry stone walls and rocky outcrops.
The reserve is managed by light summer grazing with cattle and sheep.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/bubwith-acres
Cheddar Gorge
The northern section of the gorge is owned and managed by the National Trust. The southern section is owned by Longleat Enterprises Ltd and managed by Cheddar Gorge and Caves.
Cheddar Gorge is one of England’s most iconic and spectacular landscapes. At almost 400 feet deep and 3 miles long, this is England’s largest gorge, and with its weathered crags and pinnacles, one of our countryside’s most spectacular natural sights.
The site consists of inland cliffs, rocky outcrops, scree slopes, limestone grassland, and ash and oak ravine woodland. Along with the spectacular geology and views, there are many walking trails through woodland and grassland.
Contact
The National Trust
Tel: 01278751874
Email: cheddargorge@nationaltrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/somerset/cheddar-gorge
Cheddar Gorge and Caves
Email: info@cheddargorge.co.uk
Web: https://www.cheddargorge.co.uk/
Cooks Field
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
The site consists of flower-rich limestone grassland with traditional hay meadows on the higher, flatter ground. There are panoramic views out over the Somerset Levels, and many bird species pass over here on their annual autumn and spring migrations. The best time of year to visit is in summer, when the wildflowers are in bloom and there are numerous species of butterfly about.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/cooks-field
Crook Peak and Wavering Down
These sites are managed by the National Trust.
Crook Peak is the most westerly of the 6 main summits of the Mendip Hills AONB, and its distinctive 600-foot summit formed of tilted limestone strata can be seen for miles around.
The peak is surrounded by a natural mosaic of species-rich limestone grasslands and ancient woodlands, with exposed limestone outcrops scattered across the southern face of the hill. The variation in habitat across the reserve supports a wide number of species, including lichens, wildflowers, butterflies and rare mammals such as greater horseshoe bats.
Contact
The National Trust
Email: enquiries@nationaltrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/somerset/mendip-hills
Deer Leap
This site is owned by The South West Heritage Trust and managed by the Mendip Hills AONB Service.
Deer Leap is a scheduled monument and the site of an abandoned medieval farmstead. It’s an important archaeological and geological site, sitting on limestone grassland that’s managed by traditional grazing practices.
Contact
Web: https://swheritage.org.uk/historic-environment-service/landscapes/deer-leap/
Dolebury Warren: hill fort
This site is owned by the National Trust and managed by Avon Wildlife Trust.
Dolebury Warren is the site of an imposing Iron Age hill fort, built 3000 years ago. With spectacular views across north Somerset and the Mendips, today the grassy ramparts and hill slopes are a carpet of wildflowers that attract rare butterflies.
Contact
Avon Wildlife Trust
Tel: 0117 917 7270
Email: mail@avonwildlifetrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.avonwildlifetrust.org.uk/nature-reserves/dolebury-warren
Dolebury Warren: woodland
This site is owned and managed by The Woodland Trust
Dolebury Warren is mixed broadleaved and coniferous woodland on the northern scarp of the Mendip Hills. The wood was formerly part of the estate at Mendip Lodge, and is part of the continuous woodland that stretches for many miles along the slope.
Contact
Web: https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/woods/dolebury-warren/
Draycott Sleights
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
High on the southern slopes of the Mendip Hills, the reserve consists of steep stretches of limestone grasslands with distinctive rocky outcrops and commanding views towards Exmoor in the west, and across the Bristol Channel to South Wales to the north.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/draycott-sleights
Ebbor Gorge
Ebbor Gorge is predominantly comprised of ancient ash/oak ravine woodland in a prominent position on the southern slopes of the Mendip Hills. It has some stunning geology, including the gorge, scree slopes, rocky outcrops and a significant number of caves.
Main habitats: ash/ oak ravine woodland, small pockets of calcareous grassland
Features of interest
The reserve is cut into 2 valleys, Hope Wood Valley, which contains an active stream, and the dry, limestone Ebbor Gorge itself.
The woodlands are mostly ash, but also include oak, wych elm, field maple, whitebeam, beech, hornbeam and hazel. The humidity in Hope Wood encourages the growth of ferns and fungi, with over 250 species of mosses, liverworts and lichens found on site, many of them rare.
In the spring bluebells, wood anemone and dogs’ mercury cover the woodland floor alongside a wide variety of bryophytes, including the rare Bryum canariense and very rare Amblystegiella confervoides. Small areas of grassland also occur on some of the limestone outcrops and plateaus of the reserve. Grazed by rabbits, these important pockets support varieties of short grass and herbs including common rock-rose, fairy flax, marjoram, wild thyme, common milkwort and quaking grass. Bird’s include buzzard and raven along with mammals such as badger, deer and fox.
The site’s cave system, formed over millennia as rainwater slowly dissolved the subsurface limestone, have yielded many interesting finds, most recently from the active Gully Cave dig, such as remains of auroch, cave bear, woolly rhino, reindeer and hyaena. Rare lesser and greater horseshoe bats hibernate and roost in the site’s cave systems.
Directions
Cyclists can reach the reserve from the nearby Route 3 of the Sustrans National Cycle Network.
The Monarch’s Way and Mendip Way - LDWA Long Distance Paths hiking trails also pass near the reserve.
The nearest train stations are Highbridge and Burnham and Castle Cary.
Bus services run to Wells and Wookey Hole.
Post code for sat nav: BA5 1AY
By car follow signs for Wookey Hole from the A371 in Wells. From Wookey Hole, follow the small minor road towards Priddy. The reserve car park is situated about 1 mile up the hill from Wookey Hole. There is a 6-and-a-half-foot height barrier to the car park. Voluntary car parking charges can be paid in advance or on the day using the RingGo app.
Contact
Natural England Enquiries
Tel: 0300 060 3900
Email: enquiries@naturalengland.org.uk
GB Gruffy
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
Named for the distinctive pitted surface left behind by old mining activity, GB Gruffy contains important habitats both above and underground. Above ground is a mosaic of neutral to acid, mesotrophic and calcareous species-rich grassland, which is host to an array of wildflowers throughout spring and summer. Underground there’s a large swallet complex cave system.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/gb-gruffy
Hellenge Hill
This site is owned and managed by Avon Wildlife Trust.
Grassland home to rare plants like honewort and Somerset hair-grass, with spectacular views across the Somerset Levels.
Contact
Avon Wildlife Trust
Tel: 0117 917 7270
Email: mail@avonwildlifetrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.avonwildlifetrust.org.uk/nature-reserves/hellenge-hill
Hutton Hill
This site is owned and managed by Avon Wildlife Trust.
Hutton Hill is approximately 16Ha of species-rich grassland, with blocks of deciduous woodland.
Contact
Avon Wildlife Trust
Tel: 0117 917 7270
Email: mail@avonwildlifetrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.avonwildlifetrust.org.uk/nature-reserves
King’s Castle Wood
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
Just a mile south-east from the centre of Wells, this ancient semi-natural woodland is situated on a flat-topped promontory of the outlying Mendip Hills, where an Iron Age fort once stood.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/kings-castle-wood
Long Wood
Long Wood is currently closed to the public due to the extensive damage caused by ash dieback.
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
Long Wood is one of 2 sites that make up the Cheddar Complex. (The other is Velvet Bottom.) This mixed broadleaved woodland connects the lead mining landscapes of Velvet Bottom, Ubley Warren and Blackmoor SSSIs with Cheddar Gorge.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/cheddar-complex
Lots Grassland
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
An upland area of acid limestone heath which is an uncommon habitat on the Mendip Hills and great for heathland flowers where the limestone bedrock of the Mendip Hills changes to sandstone. An unusual feature for the Mendip Hills landscape is the appearance of springs, which makes parts of the site wet all year round.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/lots-grassland
Lynchcombe
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
Lynchcombe is a steeply sloping reserve above the village of Westbury-sub-Mendip adjoining Cook’s Field. It has thin limestone soils with rich grasslands and a short wooded combe.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/lynchcombe
Mascall’s Wood
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
Mascall’s Wood is an ancient broadleaved woodland with impressive carpets of ground flora in the spring and summer.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/mascalls-wood
Middledown
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
Middledown lies on the Cheddar Plateau, with the rock forming the site a hard, grey Carboniferous Limestone, which is exposed extensively across the reserve as rocky outcrops and low cliffs. The reserve is mostly grassland but with scattered trees and scrub.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/middledown
Purn Hill
This site is owned and managed by Avon Wildlife Trust.
Purn Hill is part of the western Mendips and has panoramic views across the Somerset Levels to the Blackdown and Quantock Hills. It’s a site of special scientific interest (SSSI) and much of the grassland on its slopes is of national importance
Contact
Avon Wildlife Trust
Tel: 0117 917 7270
Email: mail@avonwildlifetrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.avonwildlifetrust.org.uk/nature-reserves/hellenge-hill
Rodney Stoke
Rodney Stoke has both ancient mixed broadleaf woodland and calcareous grassland and scrub on 2 south-facing spurs on the slopes of the Mendip Hills.
Main habitats: ash/ lime woodland, calcareous grassland
Features of interest
The woodlands are good example of Mendip ash woodland, also containing, oak, small-leaved lime, hazel and wild service tree, along with a rich woodland groundflora. Many plants on the reserve are characteristic of ancient woodlands, such as wood anemone, nettled-leaved bellflower, meadow saffron and wood spurge. The nationally rare purple gromwell can also be spotted in the woodlands. Continued small scale coppicing and maintenance encourages these rare plants to flourish.
Conservation grazing of the grassland encourages species such as early-purple orchid, birds foot trefoil, marjoram, rock rose and salad burnet. The many flowers support a range of insects, including many butterfly species such as marbled white, purple hairstreak, brown argus and grayling.
Pipistrelle and noctule bats roost in the woods and 46 species of breeding birds have been recorded, including buzzards and spotted flycatchers.
Directions
The nearest train station is Weston-super-Mare.
Bus services run between Weston-super-Mare and Wells, stopping at Rodney Stoke.
The reserve is next to Rodney Stoke village on the A371, 5 miles north west of Wells. There is no public car park for the reserve and parking isn’t possible on the small roads leading to the reserve.
A major walking trail, the Mendip Way Mendip Way - LDWA Long Distance Paths passes close to the reserve, with a network of smaller Public Rights of Way that lead to the reserve and one which passes down through the centre of the woods and ‘Jessie Weeks field’ in the centre of the two woodland spurs.
Contact
Natural England Enquiries
Tel: 0300 060 3900
Email: enquiries@naturalengland.org.uk
Rose Wood
Rose Wood is currently closed to the public for tree felling works to deal with ash dieback.
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust
Rose Wood is mostly comprised of ancient semi-natural woodland, located on the west side of the steeply sloping Shute Shelve Hill.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/rose-wood
Stoke Camp
This site is owned and managed by Butterfly Conservation.
Stoke Camp is 11 hectares of limestone grassland, principally managed for the small blue butterfly, but also for chalkhill blue, grizzled skipper, wall and brown hairstreak butterflies.
Contact
Butterfly Conservation
Tel: 01929 400 209
Email: info@butterfly-conservation.org
Web: https://butterfly-conservation.org/our-work/reserves/stoke-camp-somerset
The Plantation and Bluebell Field
This site is owned and managed by The Woodland Trust.
The Plantation and Bluebell Field is a 19th century plantation of predominantly beech, well known for its display of bulbs, particularly bluebells, in springtime.
Contact
The Woodland Trust
Email: enquiries@woodlandtrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/woods/the-plantation-bluebell-field/
Tor Hole Fields
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
This reserve is made up of 7 fields on the southern slopes of the Mendip Hills and has a rich flora and an important invertebrate community.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/tor-hole-fields
Tor Hill Woods
This site is owned and managed by the National Trust
Small mixed broadleaved woodland on the lower slopes of the Mendip Hills
Contact
The National Trust
Tel: 01278751874
Email: somerset.countryside@nationaltrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/somerset/mendip-hills
Ubley Warren
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
The reserve was once an area of lead mining and there are deep mine shafts on this site. The plant community reflects the toxicity of the soils and supports many nationally rare species.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/ubley-warren
Velvet Bottom
This site is owned and managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
Velvet Bottom is one of 2 sites that make up the Cheddar Complex. (The other is Long Wood.) The reserve was formed by a long-dried-up river and has been associated with lead mining since the pre-Roman era.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Tel: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Web: https://www.somersetwildlife.org/nature-reserves/cheddar-complex
Walborough
This site is owned and managed by Avon Wildlife Trust .
Limestone grassland stretching down to saltmarsh habitats in the mouth of the River Axe. The reserve is home to rare plants, butterflies and wading birds.
Contact
Avon Wildlife Trust
Tel: 0117 917 7270
Email: mail@avonwildlifetrust.org.uk
Web: https://www.avonwildlifetrust.org.uk/nature-reserves/walborough
Westbury Beacon
This site is owned and managed by Butterfly Conservation Trust
At 270 metres above sea level, the reserve has long been an important vantage point and provides spectacular views over the Somerset Levels and the Bristol Channel to Wales and Exmoor.
Contact
Butterfly Conservation
Tel: 01929 400 209
Email: info@butterfly-conservation.org
Web: https://butterfly-conservation.org/our-work/reserves/westbury-beacon-somerset
Somerset Wetlands
Somerset Wetlands combines 6 existing NNRs: Bridgwater Bay, Ham Wall, Huntspill River, Shapwick Heath, Somerset Levels and Westhay Moor. These NNRs are linked with a significant amount of new land which includes nature reserves and conservation areas managed by Natural England and 6 partners: the Environment Agency; Hawk and Owl Trust; National Trust; RSPB; Somerset Wildlife Trust and the Wildfowl and Wetland Trust.
See the declaration notice for the ‘super’ reserve.
The Somerset Wetlands National Nature Reserve (NNR) is an archipelago of interconnected nature reserves in the Somerset Levels and Moors, which is the largest remaining area of lowland wetland in England. It is also the UK’s second largest area of lowland peat soils. Its range of wetland habitats hold nationally and internationally important populations of wildfowl and wading birds.
The majority of the site is designated as site of special scientific interest (SSSI), special area of conservation (SAC), special protection area (SPA) and Ramsar and forms part of the unique and historic landscape of Somerset, with human habitation from the Neolithic period to the present day.
Combining the 6 original NNRs with other SSSIs and nature conservation-managed land has created an NNR that’s 6138.92 hectares in size – the third largest NNR in England.
Inland, the NNR is a mosaic of wet grassland, fen, mire, reedbed, lakes, waterways and wet woodland, transitioning into floodplain grazing marsh, salt marsh and intertidal mudflats as it reaches out onto the Severn Estuary. These habitats support a wide variety of insects, reptiles, birds and plants that are rarely found elsewhere.
The NNR will form the backbone of nature recovery in this landscape.
Bridgwater Bay
Bridgwater Bay, at the mouth of the Rivers Parrett and Brue on the coast of the Severn Estuary, is one of the largest areas of intertidal mudflats in Britain, and as such is an internationally important feeding and roosting site for many waterfowl and wading birds. It also contains the largest area of saltmarsh in Somerset.
Main habitats: intertidal mudflats, saltmarsh, shingle ridges, reedbed
Most of the reserve is intertidal, the mudflats can be extremely dangerous. Please follow safety recommendations at all times highlighted on signs throughout the reserve.
Around 200 bird species have been recorded at the reserve and flocks of up to several thousand birds, such as dunlin and knot, can be spotted during the winter. The site is also the second largest European moulting ground for shelduck, with up to 4000 birds present each July.
The reed beds support numerous small birds such as reed and sedge warbler whilst skylark nest on adjacent common land. Breeding birds include oystercatcher and ringed plover whose ground-nesting habits are a protected feature of the foreshore. Avocet have returned after being extinct in Somerset for more than 150 years; the first nest was at Bridgwater Bay in 2012. There are now 40 breeding pairs on Steart Marshes. Birds of prey seen on the reserve include peregrines, merlins and sparrowhawks.
Whilst most of the reserve is below high tide there are some smaller areas that have been colonised by interesting plant communities. Notable species include rock sea-lavender, tree mallow, Ray’s knotgrass and sea radish.
See the site information leaflet for more details.
Directions
The nearest train station is Bridgwater.
Bus services from Bridgwater are provided by First Group. Some routes run along the A39 and serve local villages.
Access is along minor roads from the A39 (M5). There is a car park near the reserve at Steart village and non-designated parking areas near the coastline. Voluntary car parking charges can be paid in advance or on the day using the RingGo app.
The reserve can also be accessed on the Parrett Trail, which follows the river from its source to the Bristol Channel and passes through Bridgwater, as well as English Coast Path.
Contact
Email: info.steart@wwt.org.uk
Telephone: 01278 651090
Burrow Mump – the tiny Tor
Like its better-known cousin, Glastonbury Tor, Burrow Mump is a prominent hill and iconic feature at the heart of the Somerset Levels and Moors landscape. The ruins of a church at its summit is a scheduled ancient monument and Grade 2 listed building. The church was built on top of an earlier medieval church and now serves as a war memorial to those who lost their lives in the Second World War.
The Mump boasts panoramic views across the landscape, overlooking Southlake Moor and the confluence of the Rivers Parrett and Tone.
Main habitats; neutral grassland.
A small carpark is run by the National Trust and free to use, and the summit is just a short climb, perfect for picnics in the sunshine during the summer holidays.
Nearest postcode: TA7 0RB
Catcott Complex
Catcott Complex, in the Avalon Marshes area of the Brue valley catchment, is a site restored from former arable fields. It’s managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust.
The reinstatement of wet grazing meadows with scrapes and gripes installed have created the perfect splashy conditions for a range of wetland waders and waterfowl appropriate to this landscape. Traditionally-managed hay meadows, small areas of fen and wet woodland complete the wetland mosaic. This encourages a range of bird species to feed, breed and roost all year round and it has become internationally renowned for its birdlife.
This site is also an important habitat for otter, water vole, wetland invertebrates and great crested newts. The reserve is made up of Catcott Lows and Catcott Heath.
Main habitats: wet grassland, fen, wet woodland.
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit is on the Somerset Wildlife Trust website.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Telephone: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Greylake
Located in the Parrett valley catchment of the Somerset Wetlands, this site is restored from the former arable fields known as the ‘Shapwick Allotments’. Now composed of a mosaic of wetland habitats ranging from reedbed, open water, rough grassland, willow scrub and wet grassland. This has attracted a wide range of bird, mammal, plant, insect and reptile species.
Main habitats: Reedbed, open water, ditches, wet grassland, willow scrub
All these habitats are in close proximity to good access routes and hides. The trails meander through the reedbed and scrub and alongside the ditches and open water, whilst the hides and screens give great views over the wet grassland. Lapwing, redshank and snipe can be seen nesting in the spring and vast flocks of ducks and waders, being hunted by birds of prey in the winter.
A small car park gives easy access to the network of footpaths and viewing hides.
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit is on the RSPB website.
Contact
RSPB Greylake
Email: greylake@rspb.org.uk
Telephone: 01458 252805
Ham Wall
Ham Wall reserve, part of the Avalon Marshes in the Brue valley area of the Somerset Wetlands, is an internationally important site for wetland birds and contains one of the largest areas of reedbed in southern England and is the stronghold of the bittern, brought back from near extinction in Somerset in the 1990s. Created from old peat workings the site is composed of lakes, reedbeds, wet scrub, wet grassland and woodland. These habitats support a wealth of wildlife including bittern, marsh harrier, bearded reedling, Cetti’s warbler, water vole and otter.
A network of trails, viewing platforms and hides along its route provide stunning views across the landscape, and of a wide range of wetland birds. There is a large car park, welcome building and toilets. The South Drain, with its adjacent footpath runs through the centre of the reserve, and can be easily accessed from National Route 3 of the Sustrans National Cycle Network.
Main habitats: Reedbed, open water, ditches
Management: Ham Wall NNR is owned and managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB)
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit can be found on the RSPB’s website.
Contact
RSPB
Telephone: 01458 860494 or email: ham.wall@rspb.org.uk
Huntspill River
This artificial river, dug in 1940 to provide water for a royal ordnance factory, is the continuation of the South Drain which runs through and connects Shapwick Heath and Ham Wall reserves further up in the Brue Valley catchment. The waterway contains large stocks of coarse fish, is home to otters, with adjacent grassland containing an interesting diversity of flora, as well as being a good breeding area for barn owls.
Main habitats: open water, lowland grassland and ditches.
Management: Huntspill River NNR is owned and managed by the Environment Agency.
There is permitted access for much of the river along both sides. For access details contact the Environment Agency’s North Wessex team on 08708 506 506.
Features of interest
Westwards the site extends as far as the estuary of the River Parrett where it enters Bridgwater Bay. Eastward it extends to its junction with the Cripps River, 2.5 kilometres north east of the village of Woolavington.
In the winter the Huntspill is used to clear flood water from agricultural land in the Brue valley, and in the summer provides water for wet fences on surrounding agricultural land, it is filled by water from local peat moors. With its large population of coarse fish, the reserve is popular with local angling associations.
Most of the grassland on the banks of the river is leased for haymaking or grazing by cattle and sheep. Artificial holts (homes) have been built for otters and boxes for barn owls, who use the nearby grassland as a hunting ground, it also has a good population of water voles.
The reeds and scrub along the river provide good habitat for sedge, reed and cetti’s warblers. With the remains of Romano-British salt works found on site, the area is of some archaeological interest.
Directions
Several roads cross the Huntspill, the three largest being the M5, A38 and B3141.
The nearest train station is in Bridgwater.
Local bus services are provided by First Group.
King’s Sedgemoor Drain, South Drain and Sowy River Relief Channel
King’s Sedgemoor Drain is situated in the Parrett valley catchment and is an artificial drainage channel which diverts the River Cary along the southern flank of the Polden Hills, to discharge into the River Parrett at Dunball near Bridgwater. It’s managed by the Environment Agency.
As the name suggests, the channel is used to help drain the peat moors of King’s Sedgemoor. The main channel was constructed between 1791 and 1795, and despite some defects, brought some relief from flooding to the area. The drain was upgraded during the Second World War, to provide a backup water supply for an armaments factory at Puriton, and again in 1972. The drain connects the King’s Sedgemoor and Greylake sites of the Somerset Wetlands NNR.
The River Sowy Relief Channel is a man-made embanked flood relief channel that runs from Monks Leaze clyce, just short of a mile north west of Langport River bridge, to the Kings Sedgemoor Drain in the Parrett valley. Approximately 7.5 miles in length, it flows for approximately 1.5 miles in a westerly direction to Oath, to the north of the embankment which separates it from the River Parrett, this embankment carries the River Parrett Trail. The waterway connects the Somerset Wetland NNR sites of Southlake Moor and King’s Sedgemoor.
The raised embankment upstream of Staithe Bridge provides a commanding view of Aller Moor and during the winter good views of wintering birds and cranes can often be had.
The South Drain is situated in the Brue valley catchment and is a manmade drain, constructed between 1802 and 1806 as a result of the 1801 Brue Drainage Act. It runs from Actis Tunnel to Gold Corner, where it moves on to the Huntspill River. It flows through the Ham Wall, Shapwick Heath and Westhay Heath sections of the Somerset Wetlands NNR.
Contact
Environment Agency
General Enquiries
National Customer Contact Centre
PO Box 544
Rotherham
S60 1BY
Email: enquiries@environment-agency.gov.uk
Telephone: 03708 506 506
Shapwick Heath
Located at the heart of the Avalon Marshes area in the Brue valley catchment of the Somerset Wetlands NNR, Shapwick Heath is an internationally important site for wetland birds and is composed of a mosaic of wetland habitats including traditional wildflower meadows, a network of ditches, fen, mire and wet woodland, along with open water and reed beds restored from former peat-diggings.
Main habitats: wet grassland, wet woodland, open water and reedbeds, pockets of remnant fen and mire, ditches
Approximately 65 different species of birds have been recorded as nesting here, including bittern, great white egret, marsh harrier, Cetti’s warbler and bearded reedling. Many species of dragonflies and butterfly abound in the summer months including the hairy and emperor dragonflies and purple hairstreak, white admiral and silver-washed fritillary butterflies. There is also an impressive migration of hobbies that arrive in the spring from tropical Africa. A range of wetland invertebrate find their niches here.
Over 24 different mammals have also been seen at Shapwick, including greater and lesser horseshoe bats, water voles and otters.
Dogs are not permitted on this reserve, with the exception of registered assistance dogs.
Shapwick Heath is also the location of the Neolithic ‘Sweet Track’, a scheduled ancient monument and the oldest man-made trackway in Britain, preserved in the anaerobic conditions of the reserves wet peat soils.
The South Drain, with its adjacent footpath, runs through the centre of the reserve, and can be easily accessed from National Route 3 of the Sustrans National Cycle Network. There is a network of trails and viewing hides across the reserve where stunning views across the landscape can be enjoyed.
Visitor information, parking, a café and public toilets can be found at the Avalon Marshes Centre, 200m from the main reserve entrance on Shapwick Road and a smaller car park can be accessed on the Ashcott Road entrance opposite Ham Wall.
See the site visitor leaflet for more details.
Directions
The reserve is close to National Route 3 of the Sustrans National Cycle Network. Public transport access to Shapwick Heath is very limited. For information, see the Traveline South West website.
From J23 on the M5 take the A39 Bridgwater to Glastonbury Road. After 6 miles take the minor road left, signed Shapwick. Enter Shapwick Village and at the church continue north, following the brown tourist sign for Shapwick Heath NNR. Voluntary car parking charges can be paid in advance or on the day using the RingGo app.
Contact
For more information about the reserve, to discuss school visits or volunteering opportunities contact Natural England Enquiries, tel. 0300 060 3900 or email enquiries@naturalengland.org.uk
Shapwick Moor
Shapwick Moor was acquired by The Hawk and Owl Trust in 2007 and is land which had previously been used to grow a variety of arable crops. It is being carefully restored to flower-rich, semi-natural grassland and fen and welcoming wildlife back as these changes are made and the habitat is regenerated.
Main habitat: wet grassland, fen, ditches.
Rough grass margins will encourage owls and other birds of prey and the small mammals they feed on. Raising the water levels will protect the peat soils, which were being damaged by regular ploughing, and preserve the archaeological features hidden there. Further habitat improvements include restoring the old hedges and pollarded willows, re-profiling the ditch banks and edges to make them more suitable for wildlife and encouraging reedbed to develop along some of the ditches.
Shapwick Moor Nature Reserve forms a part of the Avalon Marshes complex of reserves in the Brue valley catchment of the Somerset Wetlands NNR, at the heart of the Somerset Levels. Avalon Marshes is a vibrant, working landscape, celebrated for its rich wildlife, heritage and culture. A small car park serves a walking route which encompasses two viewing hides and continues into the adjacent Shapwick Heath reserve.
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit can be found on the Hawk and Owl Trust website.
Somerset Levels
This NNR is closed because either:
- the site is unsafe
- our tenure of the land does not allow public access
- the site is so fragile that any form of access would damage its habitats and/or wildlife
The former ‘Somerset Levels NNR’ includes land owned by Natural England across the Somerset Levels and Moors farmed landscape. It is composed of species-rich wet grassland, traditional hay meadows and ditch networks, and is of outstanding importance for wintering waders and waterfowl and breeding wetland birds. Grasslands and ditches contain a number of red data book and nationally notable plant species.
The majority of the land is managed through agri-environment scheme agreements with local tenant farmers. Sites include land in the SSSI designated areas of Tealham and Tadham Moors, Westhay Moor, Catcott, Edington and Chilton Moors in the Brue valley catchment and Moorlinch, King’s Sedgemoor, Southlake Moor and West Sedgemoor in the Parrett valley catchment.
Main habitats: lowland grassland, ditches
Views of Southlake Moor can be seen from Burrow Mump and from the public footpath, part of the Parrett Trail which runs along the banks of the River Parrett.
Contact
For more information contact Natural England Enquiries, tel. 0300 060 3900 or email enquiries@naturalengland.org.uk
Steart Marshes
Steart Marshes is situated on the Steart peninsula, which reaches out into Bridgwater Bay on the edge of the River Parrett as it discharges into the Severn Estuary.
Steart Marshes is a managed re-alignment scheme and wetland reserve created by the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT) and the Environment Agency as mitigation for rising sea levels and coastal squeeze.
Main habitats: saltmarsh, estuarine creeks, freshwater wetlands
Here hundreds of hectares of saltmarsh and freshwater wetlands provide a wild and peaceful haven for people and a huge variety of wildlife. The reserve is also a ‘living laboratory’ demonstrating how wetlands can lock away carbon, reduce the impacts of floodwater and provide biodiverse habitat supporting a rich mix of wetland wildlife including otters, fish and thousands of migratory birds.
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit can be found on the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust website.
Contact
Email: info.steart@wwt.org.uk
Telephone: 01278 651090
Swell Wood
The ancient oaks at RSPB Swell Wood are part of a strip of woodland extending 10 miles along the limestone ridge that runs from Langport to the Blackdown Hills.
It’s home to one of the UK’s largest heronries and you can see nesting grey herons and little egrets between March and June.
The woodlands that extend east towards Curry Rivel are carpeted in bluebells in the spring, and nuthatches and woodpeckers feed at the car park bird feeders in winter.
Features of interest
Further information about the reserve, its wildlife and how to visit can be found on the RSPB website.
Tealham and Tadham Moors
This NNR is closed because either:
- the site is unsafe
- the tenure of the land does not allow public access
- the site is so fragile that any form of access would damage its habitats and/or wildlife
Tealham and Tadham Moors, in the Brue valley catchment of the Somerset Wetlands NNR, is a 917.6 hectare (2267.3 acre) biological site of special scientific interest (SSSI) and forms part of the extensive grazing marsh and ditch systems of the Somerset Levels and Moors. The site is managed by Somerset Wildife Trust through local graziers
Main habitats: wet grassland, ditch network.
The water table is high throughout the greater part of the year, with winter flooding occurring annually, by over-topping of the River Brue. 113 aquatic and bankside vascular plant species have been recorded from the field ditches, rhynes and deep arterial watercourses. A diverse invertebrate fauna is associated in particular with ditches that have a good submerged plant community. The water beetle fauna is exceptionally rich, with the nationally rare species Hydrophilus piceus and Hydrochara caraboides together with the rare soldier flies Stratiomys furcata and Odontomyia ornata. Good numbers of dragonflies and damselflies occur including the Hairy Dragonfly (Brachytron pratense) and the Variable Damselfly (Coenagrion pulchellum).
West Sedgemoor
West Sedgemoor is a large expanse of wet grassland, situated in the Parrett valley catchment of the Somerset Wetlands NNR. It’s managed by the RSPB.
In winter, the controlled flooding on the wet meadows attracts birds in their thousands - ducks such as wigeons, teals, shovelers, pintails and mallards and wading birds such as golden plovers, snipe and lapwings.
Main habitats: wet grassland, ditches, hedgerows
To keep the hay meadows and pastures ideal for wildlife, we control water levels, graze cattle and cut hay to create ideal habitats for ground-nesting birds. The hay meadow management is also especially important for the rare plant communities that West Sedgemoor is famous for. Hedgerows are managed using traditional methods benefitting birds, small mammals and butterflies. Water voles and otters are also present.
Contact
RSPB West Sedgemoor
Red Hill
Curry Rivel
Langport
TA10 0PH
Email: west.sedgemoor@rspb.org.uk
Telephone: 01458 252805
Westhay Heath
This NNR is closed because either:
- the site is unsafe
- the tenure of the land does not allow public access
- the site is so fragile that any form of access would damage its habitats and/or wildlife
Westhay Heath, situated in the Brue valley catchment of the Somerset Wetlands NNR, is a small wetland reserve consisting of restored peat-diggings.
Main habitats: lake, reedbed, ditches, wet woodland.
Important for wintering wetland birds, otters, water voles and specialist wetland invertebrates such as water beetles and dragonflies.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Telephone: 01823 652400
Email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Westhay Moor
Westhay Moor, part of the Avalon Marshes area in the Brue valley catchment of the Somerset Wetlands, was created from former peat diggings and has been transformed into a network of open water and reedbed and wet woodland. It is home to a wide range of wetland birds and invertebrates. It contains the largest surviving fragment of lowland acid mire in the South-West, where specialist plants such as sphagnum moss and the carnivorous round-leaved sundew can be seen. Some of its notable species are bittern, marsh harrier, bearded reedling, water vole, otter, as well as hairy and emperor dragonflies.
Main habitats: open water, reedbeds, wet woodland, wet grassland, mire.
The site has a small car park and a network of trails, viewing platforms and hides. It is the only location in the Somerset Wetlands NNR where an area of the Somerset Levels and Moors original habitat can be seen by the public.
Management: Westhay Moor is owned and managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit can be found on the Somerset Wildlife Trust’s Westhay Moor NNR web page.
Contact
Somerset Wildlife Trust
Telephone: 01823 652400 or email: enquiries@somersetwildlife.org
Tarr Steps Woodland
Tarr Steps Woodland NNR has an outstanding example of a ‘clapper bridge’- an ancient form of bridge constructed entirely from large stone slabs and boulders. This is set in a mossy woodlands crossed by a number of pathways.
Main habitats: woodland
Area: 33 ha
Management: Tarr Steps Woodland is owned and managed by Exmoor National Park Authority
Features of interest
Further information about the NNR, its wildlife and how to visit can be found on the Exmoor National Park Authority’s Tarr Steps Woodland NNR web page.
Contact
Exmoor National Park Authority (ENPA)
Telephone: 01398 323665 or email: info@exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk