Research and analysis

Review: what is the evidence for the importance of outdoor transmission and of indoor transmission of COVID-19, 2 April 2020

Review prepared by the Usher Institute on the evidence for the importance of outdoor transmission and of indoor transmission of COVID-19.

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Review: What is the evidence for the importance of outdoor transmission and of indoor transmission of COVID-19? - 2 April 2020

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Review prepared by the Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh on the evidence for the importance of outdoor transmission and of indoor transmission of COVID-19.

The paper was considered at SAGE 24 on 9 April 2020.

It should be viewed in context: the paper was the best assessment of the evidence at the time of writing. The picture is developing rapidly and, as new evidence or data emerges, SAGE updates its advice accordingly. Therefore, some of the information in this paper may have been superseded and the author’s opinion or conclusion may since have developed.

These documents are released as pre-print publications that have provided the government with rapid evidence during an emergency. These documents have not been peer-reviewed and there is no restriction on authors submitting and publishing this evidence in peer-reviewed journals.

Published 12 June 2020
Last updated 18 February 2022 + show all updates
  1. Amended author attribution from the incorrect Environmental Modelling Group (EMG), to the correct affiliation of the Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh,

  2. First published.