NOIDs causative agents: week 51 (week ending 23 December 2025)
Updated 23 December 2025
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The list of causative agents that laboratories must notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) about has been expanded to include additional notifiable organisms. These became reportable under the Health Protection (Notification) (Amendment) Regulations from 6 April 2025.
Publication of the additional causative agents will begin at a later date, once reporting development work has been undertaken to include them.
This report contains statistics of formal notifications of causative agent test results to UKHSA from diagnostic laboratories in England, under Regulation 4 of the Health Protection (Notifications) Regulations 2010.
The number of notifications in this report reflects test results provided from laboratories to UKHSA before UKHSA interprets or applies standardised case definitions to these test results. Individual test results will not always result in a confirmed diagnosis of a disease, therefore the notifications in this report should not be considered counts of cases and should be interpreted with caution.
Epidemiology reports including confirmed case numbers using standardised case definitions are published separately on a per pathogen or pathogen-group basis.
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify UKHSA of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia spp
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- hepatitis A
- hepatitis B
- hepatitis C
- hepatitis D
- hepatitis E
- influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- measles virus
- mpox virus
- mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2025/46 | 2025/47 | 2025/48 | 2025/49 | 2025/50 | 2025/51 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile Virus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 26 | 23 | 21 | 22 | 20 | 15 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 5 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 39 | 21 | 39 | 22 | 32 | 26 |
| Borrelia other named | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Borrelia sp | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella sp | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 31 | 28 | 25 | 19 | 16 | 18 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | 4 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter gracilis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 313 | 278 | 221 | 279 | 294 | 248 |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 978 | 878 | 916 | 824 | 891 | 879 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 36 | 41 | 56 | 38 | 32 | 30 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 24 | 27 | 32 | 54 | 77 | 95 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 6 | - | 5 | 3 | 5 | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Human coronavirus nl63 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 | - |
| Human coronavirus oc43 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 12 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 805 | 638 | 715 | 791 | 1,351 | 623 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 42 | 24 | 28 | 71 | 50 | 34 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 8 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 7 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 60 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 77 | 38 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 12 | 4 | 8 | 8 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 45 | 15 | 37 | 19 | 19 | 7 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 13 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 6 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 35 | 29 | 19 | 33 | 30 | 12 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 34 | 42 | 58 | 51 | 43 | 54 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 14 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 4 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 10 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia intestinalis | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Giardia sp | 137 | 143 | 123 | 145 | 124 | 148 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 66 | 46 | 74 | 68 | 61 | 70 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 19 | 17 | 32 | 12 | 14 | 12 |
| Hepatitis B | 291 | 243 | 239 | 270 | 251 | 241 |
| Hepatitis C | 236 | 230 | 212 | 268 | 223 | 587 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| Hepatitis E | 53 | 21 | 39 | 26 | 33 | 31 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 3,513 | 3,871 | 6,972 | 9,217 | 9,518 | 7,841 |
| Influenza B | 43 | 57 | 72 | 46 | 71 | 51 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 11 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 18 | 6 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 61 | 88 | 148 | 219 | 218 | 315 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 11 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 2 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 87 | 103 | 90 | 97 | 81 | 98 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 35 | 35 | 27 | 40 | 40 | 23 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus positive | 15 | 19 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 8 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 14 | 7 | 25 | 11 | 11 | 9 |
| Mumps virus | 7 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 5 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 3 | 14 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | 3 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 60 | 49 | 71 | 73 | 75 | 79 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 15 | 14 | 7 | 2 | 18 | 7 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 17 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 13 | 14 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia prowazekii | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia rickettsii | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 54 | 65 | 52 | 64 | 26 | 15 |
| Salmonella agona | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella bareilly | - | 7 | 6 | - | 6 | - |
| Salmonella chester | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | 5 | - | 5 | - | - | 5 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 73 | 71 | 62 | 55 | 21 | 12 |
| Salmonella infantis | 7 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella java | 7 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 8 | 13 | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | 6 | - | 8 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 16 | 35 | 40 | 27 | 95 | 126 |
| Salmonella stanley | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 10 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 5 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 44 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 19 | 10 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 20 | 21 | 19 | 11 | 21 | 8 |
| Shigella sonnei | 35 | 35 | 46 | 35 | 26 | 33 |
| Shigella sp | 80 | 63 | 59 | 53 | 49 | 48 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 71 | 57 | 42 | 58 | 55 | 47 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 124 | 101 | 102 | 150 | 141 | 187 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | - | - | 1 | 4 | - | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI).
| Week notification received | 2025/46 | 2025/47 | 2025/48 | 2025/49 | 2025/50 | 2025/51 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| NDM | - | 5 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 3 | - | 4 | 2 | - | |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 1 | 5 | 2 | - | 2 | - |
| KPC | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | |
| NDM | 4 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | |
| OXA48 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 2 | |
| Other | - | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
| NDM | 33 | 15 | 12 | 21 | 14 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 32 | 32 | 26 | 28 | 18 | 4 | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | OXA48 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| KPC | 9 | 12 | 16 | 10 | 4 | - | |
| NDM | 13 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 15 | 3 | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | 1 | 5 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | |
| Providencia | |||||||
| Providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to.
| Week notification received | 2025/46 | 2025/47 | 2025/48 | 2025/49 | 2025/50 | 2025/51 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | - | |
| Pseudomonas putida group | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | |||||||
| NDM | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |