Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 35 (week ending 31 August 2025)

Updated 1 September 2025

The list of causative agents that laboratories must notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) about has been expanded to include additional notifiable organisms. These became reportable under the Health Protection (Notification) (Amendment) Regulations from 6 April 2025.

Publication of the additional causative agents will begin at a later date, once reporting development work has been undertaken to include them.

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify UKHSA of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2025/30 2025/31 2025/32 2025/33 2025/34 2025/35
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - - - 1 -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 25 35 28 25 37 22
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 1 2 7 5 1 6
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 36 58 57 67 61 71
Borrelia sp 5 8 10 5 3 9
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - 1 - - -
Brucella sp - 1 - 1 2 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 36 46 47 32 60 38
Campylobacter curvus - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter fetus 1 - - - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 350 321 324 290 350 197
Campylobacter lari 1 1 - 1 - -
Campylobacter other named 3 2 1 1 4 2
Campylobacter showae - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter sp 1,236 1,150 1,097 1,125 1,095 976
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - 1 - 1 - 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 - 3 1 1 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 35 49 51 41 42 30
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 9 10 23 19 15 16
Human coronavirus 229e - - - 1 - -
Human coronavirus oc43 1 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate - 1 12 2 4 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 18 20 10 14 6 20
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,016 1,100 1,306 1,480 1,413 1,458
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 41 46 38 37 59 39
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 34 35 15 23 15 16
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 100 102 49 100 45 41
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative - 4 - 12 12 20
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 30 14 32 37 42 30
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 5 2 3 2 1 -
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 1 - - - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - - 1 1 - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium felis 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 19 14 28 7 14 5
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 40 40 37 43 37 15
Cryptosporidium sp 26 30 40 35 36 73
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - - 1 1 - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 2 2 3 3 8 4
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 20 18 32 18 25 16
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 2 3 3 6 4 3
Giardia            
Giardia intestinalis 2 1 1 - - -
Giardia sp 122 106 122 99 117 121
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 50 64 48 58 58 61
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 10 14 13 18 24 18
Hepatitis B 286 298 281 250 283 230
Hepatitis C 251 284 279 243 259 258
Hepatitis D 6 9 5 1 6 6
Hepatitis E 40 26 45 18 42 28
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 92 184 113 105 137 133
Influenza B 14 18 23 10 16 7
Influenza indeterminate 1 - 2 1 1 -
Influenza ungrouped 2 3 - 1 5 2
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 6 9 15 14 9 6
Legionella sp 6 4 4 5 3 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 3 2 4 3 4 3
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 95 72 85 96 104 72
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 18 35 31 33 29 18
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 1 5 5 5 4 5
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 41 18 16 8 22 6
Mumps virus 7 3 8 5 10 6
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 13 - 3 18 1 1
Plasmodium malariae - - - 1 - -
Plasmodium ovale 4 - - 1 - -
Plasmodium vivax 2 - - 2 - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 50 53 58 60 44 34
Polyomavirus JC 6 1 17 13 13 10
Polyomavirus untyped 22 7 14 18 24 7
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - - 1 - - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - 1 - - 1
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 1 3 5 4 3
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 64 70 63 65 28 15
Salmonella chester - - 6 - - -
Salmonella enterica 6 10 5 10 5 6
Salmonella enteritidis 99 90 111 95 49 16
Salmonella infantis 8 7 5 8 - -
Salmonella newport 6 5 9 5 5 -
Salmonella saint-paul - - 6 - - -
Salmonella sp 22 27 31 84 201 241
Salmonella thompson - - 5 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 9 6 10 16 12 14
Salmonella typhimurium 40 59 52 56 20 17
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 2 1 2 1 - -
Shigella dysenteriae - 1 - - - -
Shigella flexneri 12 19 12 14 13 13
Shigella sonnei 11 14 9 12 15 6
Shigella sp 59 52 60 72 94 92
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 48 47 50 49 41 31
Streptococcus pneumoniae 84 71 59 61 54 56
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 2 1 - 3 3

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI).

Week notification received 2025/30 2025/31 2025/32 2025/33 2025/34 2025/35
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 - 1 - - -
  KPC - 1 - 1 2 2
  NDM 2 2 2 2 4 -
  OXA48 2 5 7 3 3 -
  VIM - 1 - 1 - -
  Other - - - 1 2 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 - 1 3 5 1
  KPC 6 7 4 1 4 2
  NDM 6 11 17 9 6 2
  OXA48 3 7 8 4 1 1
  VIM - 1 - - - -
  Other 2 2 1 1 1 1
Other enterobacter spp IMP - - - 1 - -
  KPC - 1 - 1 - -
  NDM - 1 3 2 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - 1 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 1 - - 1 -
  KPC - 3 3 2 2 1
  NDM 30 18 20 20 13 4
  OXA48 24 18 30 20 21 4
  VIM - - - 1 1 -
  Other 2 1 5 1 - 2
Escherichia hermannii OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Escherichia vulneris NDM - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - 1 -
  Other - - 1 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - 1 2 - - -
  KPC 1 2 2 1 - 1
  NDM - - 2 1 1 -
  OXA48 3 2 2 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 1 3 2 1 -
  KPC 8 6 11 9 2 2
  NDM 5 9 17 7 11 1
  OXA48 18 14 16 10 15 2
  VIM 2 2 - - - 1
  Other 2 2 2 - 1 -
Klebsiella variicola NDM - - 1 - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - - - 2 -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata NDM - - - - 1 -
Other leclercia spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 1 - - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 1 1 2 1 -
  Other - 1 - 1 - -
Salmonella              
Salmonella wangata OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Other salmonella spp OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - 1 - - -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Serratia other named Other - - 1 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to.

Week notification received 2025/30 2025/31 2025/32 2025/33 2025/34 2025/35
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 - - 1 - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - 1 1 - - 2
  NDM 1 - - 2 1 1
  VIM 1 1 1 2 2 -
  Other 2 5 1 4 5 -
Pseudomonas citronellolis NDM - - - - 1 -
Pseudomonas putida group NDM - 1 - - - -
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM 1 - - - 1 -
Other              
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  VIM - - 1 - - -