Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 34 (week ending 24 August 2025)

Updated 1 September 2025

The list of causative agents that laboratories must notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) about has been expanded to include additional notifiable organisms. These became reportable under the Health Protection (Notification) (Amendment) Regulations from 6 April 2025.

Publication of the additional causative agents will begin at a later date, once reporting development work has been undertaken to include them.

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify UKHSA of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2025/29 2025/30 2025/31 2025/32 2025/33 2025/34
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 30 25 35 28 25 37
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 5 1 2 7 5 1
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 63 36 58 56 67 61
Borrelia sp 10 5 8 11 5 3
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - - 1 - -
Brucella sp 2 - 1 - 1 1
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 49 36 46 47 31 51
Campylobacter curvus - - - - - 1
Campylobacter fetus 2 1 - - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 392 349 321 324 288 294
Campylobacter lari 1 1 1 - 1 -
Campylobacter other named 2 3 2 1 1 4
Campylobacter showae - - - - - 1
Campylobacter sp 1,282 1,236 1,150 1,097 1,26 1,158
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 - - - - 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - 1 - 1 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 3 2 - 3 1 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 50 35 49 51 41 42
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 16 9 10 23 19 15
Human coronavirus 229e - - - - 1 -
Human coronavirus oc43 - 1 - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 8 - 1 10 2 4
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 26 18 20 10 14 6
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,114 1,016 1,100 1,305 1,479 1,415
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 55 41 46 38 37 59
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 9 34 35 15 23 15
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 66 100 102 49 100 45
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 4 - 4 - 12 12
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 49 30 14 32 37 42
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 3 5 2 3 2 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 1 1 - - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 1 - - 1 1 -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium felis - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 17 19 14 28 4 2
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 45 40 40 36 40 15
Cryptosporidium sp 33 26 30 41 42 70
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - - - - 1 -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 2 2 3 3 8
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 24 20 18 32 17 20
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 6 2 3 3 6 4
Giardia            
Giardia intestinalis 3 2 1 1 - -
Giardia sp 119 122 106 122 99 117
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 64 50 64 48 58 58
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 21 10 14 13 18 24
Hepatitis B 268 285 296 281 246 261
Hepatitis C 253 251 284 276 238 245
Hepatitis D 10 6 9 5 1 6
Hepatitis E 24 40 26 45 18 39
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 110 92 184 113 105 137
Influenza B 17 14 18 23 10 16
Influenza indeterminate - 1 - 2 1 1
Influenza ungrouped - 2 3 - 1 5
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - - - 1
Legionella pneumophila 8 6 9 15 14 9
Legionella sp 2 6 4 4 5 3
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 4 3 2 4 3 4
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 120 92 70 83 84 102
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 24 18 35 31 33 28
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 3 1 5 5 5 4
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 29 41 18 16 8 21
Mumps virus 8 7 3 8 4 10
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 1 13 - 3 18 1
Plasmodium malariae - - - - 1 -
Plasmodium ovale 1 4 - - 1 -
Plasmodium vivax - 2 - - 2 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 71 50 53 58 60 44
Polyomavirus JC 20 6 1 17 13 13
Polyomavirus untyped 25 22 7 14 18 24
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - - - 1 - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - 1 - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 9 1 1 3 5 4
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 63 64 70 62 40 20
Salmonella bareilly 7 - - - - -
Salmonella bredeney 5 - - - - -
Salmonella chester - - - 6 - -
Salmonella enterica 9 6 10 5 10 -
Salmonella enteritidis 78 99 89 111 63 27
Salmonella infantis 8 8 7 5 7 -
Salmonella java 6 - - - - -
Salmonella newport 14 6 5 9 5 -
Salmonella saint-paul - - - 6 - -
Salmonella sp 27 22 30 34 157 246
Salmonella thompson - - - 5 - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 10 9 6 10 16 10
Salmonella typhimurium 49 40 57 50 41 15
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 2 1 2 1 -
Shigella dysenteriae 1 - 1 - - -
Shigella flexneri 16 12 19 11 10 7
Shigella sonnei 14 11 14 9 12 10
Shigella sp 47 59 52 61 76 105
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 65 48 47 50 49 41
Streptococcus pneumoniae 67 84 71 59 61 54
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - 1 2 1 - 3

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI).

Week notification received 2025/29 2025/30 2025/31 2025/32 2025/33 2025/34
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - 1 - 1 - -
  KPC - - 1 - 1 1
  NDM - 2 2 2 2 -
  OXA48 2 2 5 7 3 1
  VIM - - 1 - 1 -
  Other - - - - 1 1
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 4 3 - 1 2 1
  KPC 4 6 7 4 1 -
  NDM 10 6 11 16 8 1
  OXA48 6 3 7 8 4 -
  VIM 1 - 1 - - -
  Other - 2 2 1 1 -
Enterobacter other named IMP 1 - - - - -
Other enterobacter spp KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM - - 1 3 - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 1 1 - - 1
  KPC 2 - 3 3 2 -
  NDM 25 30 18 20 17 4
  OXA48 23 24 18 28 17 2
  VIM - - - - 1 1
  Other 1 2 1 5 1 -
Escherichia hermannii OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  Other - - - 1 1 -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - 1 2 - -
  KPC 3 1 2 2 1 -
  NDM 1 - - 2 1 1
  OXA48 2 3 2 2 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 - 1 3 2 -
  KPC 9 8 6 11 8 1
  NDM 11 5 9 17 7 1
  OXA48 17 18 13 16 9 4
  VIM 2 2 2 - - -
  Other 3 2 2 2 - -
Klebsiella variicola NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - - - - 1
Leclercia              
Leclercia spp KPC 1 - - - - -
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 1 1 1 2 -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  Other - - 1 - 1 -
Salmonella              
Salmonella wangata OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Other salmonella spp OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Serratia other named Other - - - 1 - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to.

Week notification received 2025/29 2025/30 2025/31 2025/32 2025/33 2025/34
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 1 - - - -
  Other 1 1 - - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - 1 1 - -
  NDM 3 1 - - 1 -
  VIM 1 1 1 1 2 -
  Other 1 2 5 1 4 2
Pseudomonas putida group NDM - - 1 - - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM - 1 - - - 1
Other              
  NDM 1 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - 1 - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -