Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 40 (week ending 8 October 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
© Crown copyright 2024
This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk.
Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.
This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notifiable-diseases-causative-agents-reports-for-2023/noids-causative-agents-week-40-week-ending-8-october-2023
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2023/35 | 2023/36 | 2023/37 | 2023/38 | 2023/39 | 2023/40 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 15 | 24 | 30 | 29 | 30 | 25 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 10 | 8 | 17 | 13 | 18 | 14 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 55 | 34 | 50 | 63 | 42 | 33 |
| Borrelia other named | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Borrelia sp | 7 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella sp | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Burkholderia | ||||||
| Burkholderia mallei | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 38 | 45 | 40 | 51 | 53 | 17 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 274 | 355 | 297 | 287 | 302 | 212 |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 894 | 1,136 | 1,211 | 1,138 | 1,081 | 967 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 30 | 29 | 36 | 33 | 26 | 30 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 6 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 27 | 29 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 76 | 61 | 139 | 92 | 108 | 124 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 1 | 8 | 5 | - | 4 | 6 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 9,470 | 11,770 | 10,893 | 12,542 | 16,295 | 15,972 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 174 | 72 | 56 | 68 | 81 | 135 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 31 | 68 | 88 | 57 | 63 | 72 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 151 | 159 | 400 | 233 | 183 | 230 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 65 | 69 | 74 | 68 | 79 | 55 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 165 | 185 | 208 | 195 | 222 | 178 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | 3 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 88 | 138 | 183 | 234 | 170 | 59 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 57 | 81 | 80 | 98 | 72 | 30 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 71 | 114 | 203 | 142 | 149 | 217 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium viatorum | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 4 | - | 4 | - | 1 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 23 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 18 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 5 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 36 | 64 | 54 | 37 | 55 | 44 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 7 | 11 | 24 | 17 | 17 | 11 |
| Hepatitis B | 235 | 246 | 262 | 295 | 236 | 195 |
| Hepatitis C | 318 | 306 | 412 | 304 | 317 | 294 |
| Hepatitis D | 3 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 6 |
| Hepatitis E | 28 | 26 | 23 | 30 | 37 | 28 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 52 | 70 | 84 | 111 | 97 | 103 |
| Influenza B | 9 | 24 | 19 | 20 | 23 | 54 |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella other named | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 4 |
| Legionella sp | 6 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 8 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 4 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 68 | 74 | 60 | 104 | 79 | 75 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 12 | 21 | 16 | 22 | 13 | 10 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 3 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
| Mumps virus | 5 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 4 | 21 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 30 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | 2 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | 6 | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 25 | 47 | 52 | 58 | 46 | 46 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 6 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 5 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 7 |
| Rabies virus | ||||||
| Rabies virus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia prowazekii | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 3 | 3 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 45 | 74 | 76 | 61 | 29 | 23 |
| Salmonella braenderup | - | - | 5 | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | 6 | 10 | 14 | 12 | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | - | - | - | - | - | 5 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 80 | 103 | 125 | 85 | 21 | 19 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 7 | 8 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella java | 6 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | - | 8 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella poona | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | 7 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 18 | 36 | 52 | 114 | 198 | 184 |
| Salmonella stanley | - | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 13 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 26 | 11 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 47 | 68 | 44 | 34 | 20 | 5 |
| Salmonella virchow | - | 5 | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | 5 | - | - | 9 | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 12 | 16 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 23 | 33 | 34 | 32 | 21 | 17 |
| Shigella sp | 62 | 84 | 83 | 81 | 70 | 54 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 62 | 45 | 57 | 49 | 43 | 32 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 53 | 55 | 57 | 52 | 69 | 75 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 6 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/35 | 2023/36 | 2023/37 | 2023/38 | 2023/39 | 2023/40 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | 7 | 2 | 1 | |
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | - | - |
| KPC | 7 | 3 | 4 | 6 | - | 2 | |
| NDM | 9 | 16 | 11 | 14 | 8 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 3 | - | |
| VIM | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Enterobacter other named | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| KPC | 5 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
| NDM | 10 | 17 | 17 | 12 | 6 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 18 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 18 | 5 | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Escherichia hermannii | KPC | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | OXA48 | 4 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| KPC | 15 | 16 | 9 | 17 | 9 | 3 | |
| NDM | 3 | 8 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 2 | |
| VIM | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp ozenae | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Other klebsiella spp | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella spp | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
| Week notification received | 2023/35 | 2023/36 | 2023/37 | 2023/38 | 2023/39 | 2023/40 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex | NDM | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | |
| Pseudomonas putida group | NDM | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other pseudomonas spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.