Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 4 (week ending 29 January 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/51 | 2022/52 | 2023/01 | 2023/02 | 2023/03 | 2023/04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 11 | 10 | 15 | 22 | 16 | 14 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 20 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 17 | 10 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | 2 | - | - | 7 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 29 | 13 | 21 | 17 | 24 | 11 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 283 | 130 | 177 | 211 | 170 | 187 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 640 | 361 | 446 | 629 | 733 | 693 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 2 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 50 | 33 | 34 | 20 | 32 | 37 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 165 | 206 | 196 | 197 | 123 | 141 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 276 | 195 | 206 | 170 | 331 | 284 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 14 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 42,366 | 37,404 | 29,466 | 16,710 | 13,363 | 14,158 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 414 | 374 | 433 | 407 | 290 | 281 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody positive | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 804 | 110 | 165 | 194 | 276 | 364 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,800 | 453 | 689 | 1,148 | 2,078 | 1,407 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 405 | 83 | 158 | 237 | 356 | 179 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 1,328 | 292 | 722 | 1,024 | 1,317 | 718 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 35 | 7 | 11 | 16 | 16 | 4 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 61 | 14 | 10 | 23 | 33 | 17 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 27 | 8 | 7 | 19 | 28 | 31 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 2 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | - | - | 1 | 11 | 3 | - |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia lamblia | 2 | 2 | - | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 76 | 62 | 91 | 89 | 82 | 54 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 14 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 18 | 14 |
| Hepatitis B | 277 | 143 | 202 | 247 | 264 | 218 |
| Hepatitis C | 332 | 216 | 221 | 315 | 290 | 303 |
| Hepatitis D | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 4 |
| Hepatitis E | 52 | 26 | 24 | 37 | 32 | 29 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 22,580 | 14,717 | 7,662 | 2,611 | 987 | 646 |
| Influenza B | 769 | 852 | 754 | 546 | 442 | 460 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 17 | 50 | 22 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 663 | 539 | 243 | 82 | 31 | 21 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
| Legionella sp | - | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 76 | 40 | 41 | 62 | 87 | 66 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 26 | 26 | 42 | 36 | 18 | 13 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 4 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 3 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Mumps virus | 7 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | - | 1 | 3 | 18 | 4 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | - | 5 | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | - | 4 | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 44 | 28 | 28 | 74 | 35 | 46 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 8 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | - | - | - | - | 3 | - |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia prowazekii | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 64 | 41 | 34 | 47 | 24 | 23 |
| Salmonella agona | 8 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 29 | 12 | 20 | 23 | 13 | 8 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 6 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 22 | - | 11 | 24 | 63 | 83 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | - | 6 | - | 8 | 16 | 5 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 25 | 15 | 12 | 21 | 13 | 8 |
| Salmonella virchow | - | 7 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella weltevreden | - | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 7 | 9 | 14 | 19 | 9 | 9 |
| Shigella sonnei | 19 | 16 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 10 |
| Shigella sp | 43 | 12 | 30 | 25 | 81 | 43 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 214 | 197 | 193 | 191 | 110 | 83 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 238 | 303 | 237 | 143 | 105 | 89 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/51 | 2022/52 | 2023/01 | 2023/02 | 2023/03 | 2023/04 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| KPC | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |
| NDM | - | 3 | 4 | 3 | - | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 3 | - | 2 | - | 3 | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| KPC | 7 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | |
| NDM | 6 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 2 | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Escherichia hermannii | OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | 3 | - | - | - |
| KPC | 8 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 3 | |
| NDM | 3 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 2 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | VIM | - | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | OXA48 | - | - | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Other proteus spp | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/51 | 2022/52 | 2023/01 | 2023/02 | 2023/03 | 2023/04 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| NDM | 2 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
| Other pseudomonas spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | |||||||
| IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.