Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 8 (week ending 27 February 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 | 2022/08 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 18 | 17 | 20 | 11 | 16 | 15 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 11 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 |
| Borrelia sp | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 14 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 10 |
| Campylobacter curvus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 217 | 262 | 259 | 209 | 230 | 187 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 647 | 679 | 689 | 575 | 708 | 675 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 25 | 27 | 35 | 24 | 36 | 39 |
| Clostridium tetani | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 24 | 30 | 31 | 16 | 103 | 33 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | 5 | 6 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 186 | 117 | 148 | 147 | 107 | 115 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 86 | 99 | 57 | 1,594 | 49 | 46 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 647,390 | 598,523 | 462,041 | 315,477 | 240,705 | 171,466 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 4,453 | 3,796 | 14,930 | 3,877 | 2,171 | 1,823 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody negative | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,726 | 1,564 | 1,416 | 1,476 | 4,834 | 1,010 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 4,833 | 3,854 | 3,493 | 3,791 | 3,838 | 2,598 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 2 | 2 | 7 | 6 | - | 3 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 3,196 | 2,435 | 18,712 | 16,780 | 3,062 | 5,717 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 6,867 | 6,407 | 25,575 | 18,855 | 6,455 | 10,278 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 27 | 28 | 21 | 16 | 11 | 9 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 14 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 14 | 24 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 1 | 3 | - | 2 | - | 1 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 35 | 40 | 47 | 52 | 54 | 38 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 7 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 8 |
| Hepatitis B | 138 | 164 | 142 | 178 | 148 | 107 |
| Hepatitis C | 407 | 352 | 375 | 421 | 320 | 303 |
| Hepatitis D | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Hepatitis E | 20 | 17 | 20 | 23 | 21 | 23 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 78 | 75 | 98 | 106 | 203 | 240 |
| Influenza B | 29 | 31 | 15 | 19 | 37 | 32 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella pneumophila | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 |
| Legionella sp | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | 1 | - | 7 | 5 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 50 | 48 | 55 | 48 | 43 | 50 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | - |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 31 | 27 | 32 | 21 | 34 | 24 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 31 | 46 | 47 | 38 | 27 | 20 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 15 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 5 | - |
| Salmonella infantis | 5 | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 8 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 46 | 58 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 7 | 8 | 19 | 14 | 10 | 5 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 23 | 36 | 30 | 31 | 20 | 10 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 12 | 15 | 14 | 17 | 8 | 9 |
| Shigella sonnei | 9 | 7 | 15 | 7 | 17 | 9 |
| Shigella sp | 19 | 22 | 28 | 25 | 43 | 42 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 26 | 27 | 34 | 32 | 21 | 32 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 67 | 79 | 98 | 66 | 80 | 59 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 | 2022/08 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | ||||||
| Citrobacter spp | ||||||
| KPC | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | 3 | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | ||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | ||||||
| IMP | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| KPC | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | ||||||
| NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||||
| IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | - | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - |
| Klebsiella | ||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | ||||||
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | ||||||
| KPC | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||||
| KPC | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| NDM | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | - |
| OXA48 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Morganella | ||||||
| Morganella morganii | ||||||
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Providencia | ||||||
| Providencia stuartii | ||||||
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 | 2022/08 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | ||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||||
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | ||||||
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |