Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 39 (week ending 2 October 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/34 | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | 2022/39 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West nile virus | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 39 | 22 | 40 | 19 | 19 | 14 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 29 | 16 | 37 | 16 | 22 | 22 |
| Borrelia sp | 13 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 2 | - | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Brucella sp | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 44 | 26 | 47 | 41 | 21 | 17 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter gracilis | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter helveticus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 271 | 250 | 280 | 232 | 220 | 212 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,176 | 744 | 984 | 876 | 751 | 819 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 2 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 24 | 23 | 27 | 22 | 24 | 33 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 8 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 13 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 80 | 35 | 98 | 144 | 47 | 111 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 20 | 9 | 24 | 13 | 9 | 6 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) | 26,148 | 25,570 | 24,991 | 28,810 | 42,261 | 51,859 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) indeterminate | 522 | 498 | 380 | 504 | 465 | 508 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 412 | 276 | 332 | 460 | 270 | 356 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,323 | 1,134 | 1,516 | 1,702 | 1,647 | 1,184 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 590 | 305 | 408 | 515 | 442 | 503 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 2,098 | 989 | 1,607 | 1,537 | 1,753 | 1,516 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 1 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 24 | 50 | 86 | 94 | 44 | 18 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 64 | 40 | 54 | 76 | 30 | 15 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 32 | 42 | 72 | 73 | 70 | 133 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 3 | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 22 | 71 | 74 | 26 | 29 | 10 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia lamblia | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 38 | 33 | 41 | 37 | 30 | 33 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 13 | 16 | 18 | 16 | 24 | 12 |
| Hepatitis B | 160 | 163 | 185 | 166 | 166 | 150 |
| Hepatitis C | 490 | 195 | 518 | 362 | 242 | 262 |
| Hepatitis D | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 6 |
| Hepatitis E | 23 | 20 | 30 | 35 | 25 | 26 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 148 | 180 | 238 | 248 | 318 | 436 |
| Influenza B | 16 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 23 | 45 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 8 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 18 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 2 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 6 |
| Legionella sp | - | 5 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 92 | 71 | 72 | 62 | 33 | 50 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 6 | 6 | 15 | 13 | 5 | 9 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Monkeypox virus | 88 | 67 | 62 | 45 | 25 | 25 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 50 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 11 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 | 12 |
| Plasmodium malariae | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 35 | 37 | 23 | 40 | 46 | 52 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 71 | 65 | 74 | 78 | 55 | 27 |
| Salmonella agona | 5 | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella braenderup | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | 5 | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella coeln | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 94 | 87 | 97 | 94 | 57 | 15 |
| Salmonella infantis | 7 | 9 | 11 | 5 | 8 | - |
| Salmonella java | - | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 8 | 9 | - | 5 | 5 | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | - | - | 7 | - | 5 | - |
| Salmonella sp | 39 | 24 | 17 | 47 | 110 | 211 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 20 | 17 | 19 | 32 | 22 | 17 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 60 | 48 | 71 | 45 | 49 | 21 |
| Salmonella virchow | - | 6 | 8 | - | 6 | - |
| Salmonella enterica | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 9 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 8 |
| Shigella sonnei | 19 | 16 | 22 | 23 | 12 | 22 |
| Shigella sp | 47 | 49 | 50 | 39 | 56 | 52 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 76 | 54 | 53 | 36 | 48 | 36 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 55 | 36 | 46 | 49 | 54 | 76 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/34 | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | 2022/39 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 2 | - | 3 | - | - | |
| Cronobacter | |||||||
| Cronobacter sakazakii | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 5 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 2 | - | |
| NDM | 1 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| KPC | 1 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 6 | |
| NDM | 7 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 9 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 5 | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Escherichia hermannii | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella other named | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 1 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | - | 3 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | KPC | 9 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 3 |
| NDM | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | - | |
| OXA48 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Mixta | |||||||
| Mixta calida | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea spp | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | |||||||
| Shigella spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/34 | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | 2022/39 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other | 3 | 2 | 3 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other pseudomonas spp | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.