Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 38 (week ending 25 September 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/33 | 2022/34 | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 40 | 31 | 20 | 31 | 15 | 17 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 29 | 29 | 16 | 37 | 16 | 22 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | 2 | - | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 37 | 44 | 24 | 48 | 41 | 18 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter gracilis | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter helveticus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 275 | 271 | 248 | 278 | 230 | 182 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 900 | 1,173 | 741 | 979 | 873 | 788 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 32 | 23 | 15 | 24 | 14 | 21 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 11 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 5 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 50 | 80 | 35 | 98 | 144 | 47 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 15 | 20 | 9 | 24 | 13 | 9 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 29,830 | 26,147 | 25,567 | 24,993 | 28,816 | 42,355 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 663 | 518 | 496 | 379 | 504 | 465 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 316 | 412 | 276 | 332 | 460 | 270 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,660 | 2,323 | 1,134 | 1,516 | 1,702 | 1,647 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 498 | 590 | 305 | 408 | 515 | 442 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 1,802 | 2,098 | 989 | 1,607 | 1,537 | 1,752 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | 1 | - | 3 | 2 |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 13 | 24 | 50 | 82 | 65 | 25 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 26 | 64 | 39 | 53 | 61 | 18 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 26 | 32 | 42 | 78 | 114 | 100 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 7 | - | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 22 | 22 | 70 | 72 | 24 | 24 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia lamblia | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 4 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 40 | 34 | 33 | 38 | 31 | 24 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 14 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 16 | 24 |
| Hepatitis B | 173 | 159 | 160 | 181 | 160 | 147 |
| Hepatitis C | 372 | 490 | 195 | 518 | 351 | 223 |
| Hepatitis D | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 26 | 23 | 20 | 30 | 32 | 24 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 125 | 148 | 181 | 238 | 248 | 313 |
| Influenza B | 16 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 18 | 23 |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | 8 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 6 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 13 |
| Legionella sp | 5 | - | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 6 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 62 | 91 | 70 | 68 | 56 | 29 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 11 | 6 | 6 | 15 | 12 | 4 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Monkeypox virus | 107 | 88 | 67 | 62 | 45 | 25 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | 11 | 3 | 2 | - | 2 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 27 | 35 | 37 | 23 | 40 | 46 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | - | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 82 | 70 | 65 | 79 | 62 | 43 |
| Salmonella agona | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella bovis-morbificans | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella braenderup | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | - | 5 | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 76 | 95 | 85 | 93 | 53 | 26 |
| Salmonella infantis | 9 | 7 | 9 | 11 | - | 5 |
| Salmonella java | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | - | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 8 | 9 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | 8 | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | - | - | - | 7 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 25 | 39 | 25 | 28 | 127 | 195 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 10 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 29 | 12 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 49 | 57 | 48 | 70 | 36 | 31 |
| Salmonella virchow | 6 | - | 6 | 8 | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | 8 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 11 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 18 | 19 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 12 |
| Shigella sp | 23 | 47 | 49 | 52 | 46 | 56 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 61 | 74 | 54 | 53 | 35 | 48 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 55 | 53 | 35 | 45 | 44 | 48 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/33 | 2022/34 | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| KPC | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| NDM | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | 2 | - | 3 | - | |
| Cronobacter | |||||||
| Cronobacter sakazakii | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other cronobacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| KPC | 2 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 5 | - | |
| NDM | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 8 | 1 | 9 | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | 10 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 11 | 3 | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella other named | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 2 |
| OXA48 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | KPC | 5 | 9 | 11 | 5 | - | 1 |
| NDM | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 4 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 2 | 2 | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Mixta | |||||||
| Mixta calida | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea spp | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/33 | 2022/34 | 2022/35 | 2022/36 | 2022/37 | 2022/38 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | 3 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | - | - |