Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 26 (week ending 3 July 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/21 | 2022/22 | 2022/23 | 2022/24 | 2022/25 | 2022/26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus anthracis | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Bacillus cereus | 20 | 15 | 19 | 25 | 23 | 16 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | - | - | 3 | 2 | - | 2 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 16 | 17 | 23 | 21 | 12 | 14 |
| Borrelia sp | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | - | 1 | - | 3 | 1 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Brucella sp | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Burkholderia | ||||||
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 24 | 24 | 34 | 60 | 43 | 47 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 391 | 275 | 354 | 417 | 354 | 329 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | 3 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,079 | 865 | 1,211 | 1,284 | 1,176 | 1,144 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 40 | 27 | 28 | 23 | 31 | 25 |
| Clostridium tetani | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 70 | 38 | 62 | 67 | 13 | 27 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 122 | 49 | 120 | 145 | 176 | 193 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 33 | 27 | 28 | 121 | 40 | 28 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) | 35,667 | 40,417 | 66,754 | 85,851 | 114,710 | 143,279 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) indeterminate | 966 | 752 | 860 | 776 | 838 | 835 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 581 | 305 | 623 | 711 | 671 | 770 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,348 | 747 | 1,760 | 2,808 | 2,283 | 2,013 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 15 | 2 | 3 | 15 | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 4 | - | - | 6 | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 519 | 277 | 615 | 2,779 | 611 | 574 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 1,619 | 1,055 | 1,680 | 3,696 | 1,673 | 1,758 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 3 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 32 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 8 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 17 | 10 | 20 | 16 | 28 | 29 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | 3 | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 6 | 7 | 15 | 12 | 13 | 5 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 2 | - | - | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia lamblia | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 3 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 65 | 54 | 62 | 48 | 67 | 52 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 9 | 6 | 13 | 15 | 11 | 13 |
| Hepatitis B | 243 | 130 | 186 | 208 | 187 | 159 |
| Hepatitis C | 380 | 326 | 320 | 455 | 358 | 423 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | - | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 35 | 21 | 37 | 39 | 32 | 28 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 220 | 173 | 181 | 135 | 118 | 94 |
| Influenza B | 23 | 21 | 27 | 17 | 18 | 24 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 35 | 1 | 10 | 18 | - | 23 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella other named | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | - | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 7 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 76 | 59 | 110 | 73 | 51 | 45 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 14 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 5 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Monkeypox virus | 1 | 2 | 390 | 239 | 200 | 414 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Mumps virus | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 5 |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 46 | 26 | 36 | 46 | 23 | 41 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 8 | - | 11 | 11 | 1 | 2 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 54 | 43 | 50 | 65 | 31 | 21 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 34 | 30 | 47 | 60 | 25 | 15 |
| Salmonella infantis | 27 | 16 | 13 | 9 | - | 5 |
| Salmonella kentucky | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 10 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 21 | 13 | 23 | 40 | 135 | 168 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 15 | 17 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 41 | 13 | 19 | 33 | 12 | 13 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 15 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 10 | 13 |
| Shigella sonnei | 14 | 16 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 7 |
| Shigella sp | 38 | 23 | 40 | 38 | 46 | 52 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 60 | 48 | 84 | 44 | 63 | 48 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 98 | 91 | 120 | 74 | 68 | 92 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 2 | - | - | 2 | 1 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/21 | 2022/22 | 2022/23 | 2022/24 | 2022/25 | 2022/26 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | - | |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| NDM | 7 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | KPC | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | - |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | - | |
| OXA48 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 6 | - | 2 | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/21 | 2022/22 | 2022/23 | 2022/24 | 2022/25 | 2022/26 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period