Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 2 (week ending 16 January 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile Virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2021/49 | 2021/50 | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 17 | 29 | 12 | 15 | 12 | 19 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 15 | 9 | 17 | 3 | 10 | 10 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 2 | - | 3 | - | 1 | - |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 20 | 22 | 21 | 12 | 16 | 15 |
| Campylobacter curvus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 239 | 217 | 220 | 121 | 137 | 212 |
| Campylobacter sp | 711 | 648 | 681 | 446 | 555 | 616 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 35 | 23 | 19 | 27 | 31 | 20 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 130 | 100 | 120 | 66 | 66 | 30 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Mers coronavirus | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 172 | 256 | 145 | 123 | 195 | 167 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 78 | 91 | 84 | 82 | 327 | 2,578 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 304,615 | 505,944 | 695,581 | 977,770 | 959,603 | 616,013 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 4,453 | 4,482 | 5,455 | 6,617 | 9,752 | 6,398 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) negative | 10 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 25 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) void | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 53 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody positive | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,965 | 2,357 | 2,083 | 1,519 | 2,253 | 2,110 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 4,285 | 4,785 | 4,268 | 3,300 | 4,908 | 5,072 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 33 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 2 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 4,047 | 2,913 | 3,698 | 2,457 | 6,168 | 22,211 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 5,967 | 5,822 | 6,176 | 5,112 | 8,661 | 20,518 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 26 | 37 | 7 | 10 | 22 | 18 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 21 | 41 | 27 | 7 | 18 | 27 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 3 | - | - | 5 | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 4 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 56 | 60 | 43 | 41 | 28 | 42 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 9 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 8 | 8 |
| Hepatitis B | 156 | 141 | 160 | 99 | 96 | 123 |
| Hepatitis C | 229 | 425 | 385 | 196 | 185 | 377 |
| Hepatitis D | 3 | 4 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 25 | 19 | 27 | 13 | 15 | 24 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 258 | 243 | 196 | 166 | 146 | 68 |
| Influenza B | 67 | 78 | 31 | 18 | 25 | 38 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 6 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 2 | 3 | 5 | - | 3 | 5 |
| Legionella sp | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 48 | 48 | 50 | 38 | 47 | 38 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 6 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 13 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Mumps virus | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 10 | 2 | - | 8 | 1 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 20 | 30 | 36 | 20 | 14 | 37 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | - | 3 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 42 | 39 | 49 | 33 | 18 | 15 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 24 | 20 | 16 | - | 8 | 5 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 5 | 8 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 5 | - | 8 | 21 | 50 | 96 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 5 | - | 6 | - | - | 5 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 22 | 15 | 19 | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 10 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 2 |
| Shigella sonnei | 11 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 4 |
| Shigella sp | 12 | 16 | 8 | 20 | 13 | 19 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 26 | 25 | 29 | 19 | 10 | 27 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 123 | 97 | 108 | 124 | 80 | 62 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/49 | 2021/50 | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | ||||||
| Citrobacter spp | ||||||
| KPC | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| OXA48 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | ||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | ||||||
| IMP | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||||
| IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - |
| NDM | - | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| OXA48 | 2 | 2 | 5 | - | 1 | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | ||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | ||||||
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | ||||||
| KPC | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||||
| KPC | 5 | 2 | - | 1 | 4 | - |
| NDM | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| OXA48 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 2 |
| VIM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other | - | - | - | 4 | 3 | - |
| Raoultella | ||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | ||||||
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/49 | 2021/50 | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | ||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||||
| IMP | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| VIM | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Other | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 |