Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 15 (week ending 17 April 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/10 | 2022/11 | 2022/12 | 2022/13 | 2022/14 | 2022/15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 17 | 19 | 19 | 15 | 17 | 16 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | 4 | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 8 | 14 | 12 | 7 | 21 | 11 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Borrelia tillae | - | 3 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Burkholderia | ||||||
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 12 | 24 | 14 | 30 | 22 | 32 |
| Campylobacter concisus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 248 | 258 | 270 | 229 | 211 | 170 |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Campylobacter sp | 638 | 582 | 625 | 691 | 555 | 792 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 37 | 33 | 26 | 28 | 27 | 25 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 51 | 58 | 82 | 75 | 64 | 87 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 197 | 161 | 146 | 113 | 159 | 142 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 912 | 50 | 45 | 54 | 545 | 44 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 367,692 | 472,786 | 486,005 | 385,055 | 231,272 | 162,486 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 1,500 | 2,055 | 2,059 | 1,979 | 1,647 | 1,613 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,326 | 1,309 | 1,271 | 1,095 | 1,026 | 1,082 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 3,225 | 3,553 | 3,525 | 2,611 | 2,916 | 2,967 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | 6 | 3 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | - | 3 | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 7,817 | 1,842 | 1,721 | 1,580 | 7,045 | 1,258 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 15,467 | 5,220 | 4,835 | 7,193 | 7,297 | 3,570 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | - | 2 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 4 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 13 | 6 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 28 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 26 | 49 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 6 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 41 | 41 | 39 | 41 | 29 | 26 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 7 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 16 |
| Hepatitis B | 148 | 168 | 142 | 180 | 131 | 166 |
| Hepatitis C | 348 | 385 | 268 | 457 | 309 | 327 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Hepatitis E | 24 | 19 | 27 | 27 | 17 | 32 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 427 | 698 | 791 | 1,060 | 908 | 1,093 |
| Influenza B | 19 | 134 | 37 | 122 | 47 | 42 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | 5 | - | 9 | 13 | 42 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella pneumophila | - | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Legionella sp | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - | 2 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | - | 5 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 53 | 81 | 60 | 74 | 50 | 45 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 6 | 9 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 11 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Mumps virus | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 24 | 23 | 32 | 32 | 21 | 37 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 9 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 29 | 44 | 41 | 33 | 24 | 18 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 22 | 18 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 8 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | 5 | - | 5 | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 5 | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella salamae | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 8 | 26 | 7 | 27 | 51 | 93 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 6 | 8 | 13 | 22 | 13 | 17 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 27 | 41 | 29 | 26 | 22 | 13 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 15 | 20 | 15 | 14 | 9 | 6 |
| Shigella sonnei | 10 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 5 | 10 |
| Shigella sp | 29 | 29 | 19 | 32 | 40 | 49 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 32 | 26 | 44 | 50 | 32 | 43 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 77 | 81 | 111 | 91 | 87 | 95 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/10 | 2022/11 | 2022/12 | 2022/13 | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | KPC | 2 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | KPC | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | - |
| NDM | 1 | 4 | 4 | - | 3 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | |
| Other | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| KPC | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| NDM | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 7 | 4 | - | 1 | 4 | 3 | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pluralibacter | |||||||
| Pluralibacter gergoviae | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/10 | 2022/11 | 2022/12 | 2022/13 | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| NDM | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens group | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.