Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 10 (week ending 13 March 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 | 2022/08 | 2022/09 | 2022/10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 20 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 14 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 12 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 16 | 8 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 17 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 24 | 12 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | - |
| Campylobacter helveticus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 259 | 211 | 231 | 213 | 265 | 234 |
| Campylobacter lari | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 689 | 578 | 706 | 679 | 709 | 630 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 35 | 24 | 36 | 39 | 27 | 33 |
| Clostridium tetani | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 31 | 16 | 104 | 33 | 41 | 48 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| SARS coronavirus | 6 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 140 | 147 | 107 | 115 | 202 | 197 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 57 | 1,594 | 49 | 46 | 53 | 912 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 14,930 | 3,877 | 2,172 | 1,830 | 1,701 | 1,498 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,416 | 1,495 | 5,004 | 1,149 | 1,336 | 1,325 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 3,493 | 3,825 | 4,154 | 2,826 | 3,286 | 3,202 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 7 | 6 | - | 3 | - | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 18,712 | 16,781 | 3,062 | 5,720 | 1,417 | 7,817 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 25,577 | 18,855 | 6,458 | 10,287 | 4,337 | 15,467 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 2 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 21 | 16 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 9 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 21 | 22 | 13 | 19 | 19 | 34 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 47 | 52 | 55 | 39 | 41 | 40 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 9 | 11 | 17 | 8 | 9 | 7 |
| Hepatitis B | 142 | 182 | 156 | 132 | 132 | 141 |
| Hepatitis C | 375 | 428 | 348 | 325 | 230 | 324 |
| Hepatitis D | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | - | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 20 | 23 | 21 | 24 | 21 | 20 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 98 | 106 | 203 | 250 | 283 | 414 |
| Influenza B | 15 | 19 | 37 | 32 | 17 | 20 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | 6 | - | 4 |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella pneumophila | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | - | - |
| Legionella sp | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | - | 7 | 5 | 1 | - | 2 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 60 | 54 | 50 | 58 | 56 | 44 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 8 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 6 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Mumps virus | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 32 | 20 | 34 | 23 | 32 | 24 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 6 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 19 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 48 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 36 | 14 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 14 | 11 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 6 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | - | 7 | - | 6 | - |
| Salmonella sp | 11 | 8 | 6 | 13 | 27 | 53 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 19 | 14 | 10 | 6 | 14 | 5 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 31 | 32 | 31 | 22 | 31 | 12 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | 1 | - | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 14 | 17 | 11 | 10 | 16 | 10 |
| Shigella sonnei | 16 | 9 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 6 |
| Shigella sp | 28 | 24 | 40 | 33 | 34 | 39 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 34 | 32 | 21 | 32 | 22 | 33 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 98 | 66 | 80 | 62 | 73 | 72 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 | 2022/08 | 2022/09 | 2022/10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 5 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | |
| NDM | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | 1 | - | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | KPC | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
| NDM | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Providencia | |||||||
| Providencia stuartii | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 | 2022/08 | 2022/09 | 2022/10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |