Research and analysis
Key stage 2 attainment and lifetime earnings
This research report estimates the lifetime earnings gains associated with improvements in key stage 2 test scores.
Applies to England
Documents
Details
The report uses data from the Longitudinal Educational Outcomes (LEO) dataset to estimate the earnings gains associated with improvements in key stage 2 test scores.
The estimates are used by the Department for Education in policy making, to assess the economic benefits of education spending.
Updates to this page
Published 6 July 2025