Transparency data
Annex B to TOX 2026/32
Published 4 September 2026
© Crown copyright 2026
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This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.
Table 1. Summary of food groups and occurrence data used for exposure assessment (Kuhlne et al, 2008a; 2008b; 2009a; 2009b)
| Food group | Subgroup | Total Phytoestrogens (µg/kg) | Total Isoflavones (µg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee | Coffee, instant powder | 18330 | 9130 |
| Coffee | Coffee, infusion1 | 170* | <10* |
| Nuts and seeds | Almonds (incl nut butter) | 1120 | <1000 |
| Nuts and seeds | Brazil nuts | 8870 | 1050 |
| Nuts and seeds | Cashews (incl nut butter) | 1820 | <1000 |
| Nuts and seeds | Peanuts (incl nut butter) | 4270 | 1540 |
| Nuts and seeds | Pine nuts | 1030 | <1000 |
| Nuts and seeds | Walnuts | 1750 | <1000 |
| Nuts and seeds | Pumpkins seeds | 5390 | <1000 |
| Nuts and seeds | Sunflower seeds | 1110 | <1000 |
| Soya based alternatives to milk | Soy drink (milk) -unflavoured, unsweetened, fortified etc2 | 93130 | 93070 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Yogurt, soy2 | 82860 | 82350 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Soy ice cream2 | 134940 | 134880 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Burger, soy based2 | 44490 | 44150 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Mince, savory, soy or TVP based (high soy content)2 | 287580 | 286180 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Sausage, TVP/ soy2 | 39940 | 39460 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Soya bean, Tofu | 106190 | 106090 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Bread, white | 6810 | 6750 |
- A value below the 1000 µg/kg cut off was used for exposure assessment to distinguish between consumption of instant coffee powder and a coffee infusion.
- Proxy data or partial proxy data used.
- Conversion factor applied to raw/ dry foods to convert to cooked/ wet weight food.
Table 2. Acute exposure to total phytoestrogens from food for women of childbearing age (16-49 years)
| Food group | Subgroup | Mean (µg/person) | 97.5th percentile (µg/person) | Mean (µg/kg bw) | 97.5th percentile (µg/kg bw) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee | Coffee, instant powder | 49 | 150 | 0.71 | 2.1 |
| Coffee | Coffee, infusion1 | 36 | 140 | 0.53 | 1.9 |
| Nuts and seeds | Almonds (incl nut butter) | 8.2 | 41 | 0.12 | 0.69 |
| Nuts and seeds | Brazil nuts | 56 | 220 | 0.85 | 3.4 |
| Nuts and seeds | Cashews (incl nut butter) | 15 | 88 | 0.24 | 1.4 |
| Nuts and seeds | Peanuts (incl nut butter) | 95 | 350 | 1.4 | 5.4 |
| Nuts and seeds | Pine nuts | 3.0 | 17 | 0.046 | 0.31 |
| Nuts and seeds | Walnuts | 11 | 44 | 0.17 | 0.67 |
| Nuts and seeds | Pumpkins seeds | 46 | 210 | 0.71 | 3.3 |
| Nuts and seeds | Sunflower seeds | 7.3 | 47 | 0.11 | 0.83 |
| Soya based alternatives to milk | Soy (drink) milk -unflavoured, unsweetened, fortified etc2 | 24000 | 65000 | 360 | 1100 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Yogurt, soy2 | 8500 | 23000 | 120 | 330 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Soy ice cream2 | 11000 | 24000 | 160 | 410 |
- A value below threshold was used to distinguish between consumption of instant coffee powder and a coffee infusion.
- Proxy data or partial proxy data used.
- Conversion factor applied to raw/ dry foods to convert to cooked/ wet weight food.or vice versa.
- This exposure is based on limited data in NDNS for soya-linseed bread food codes. Additional explanation above the table and in the appendix.
- Consumption or exposure estimates made with a small number of consumers may not be accurate. The number of consumers is less than 60, this should be treated with caution and may not be representative for a large number of consumers.
- The food group has been provided for information only to compare with the soya/ linseed bread group and has not been included in the all food group estimates.
Table 3. Acute exposure to isoflavones from food for women of childbearing age (16-49 years)
| Food group | Subgroup | Mean (µg/person) | 97.5th percentile (µg/person) | Mean (µg/kg bw) | 97.5th percentile (µg/kg bw) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee | Coffee, instant powder | 25 | 73 | 0.36 | 1.1 |
| Coffee | Coffee, infusion1 | 2.1 | 8.3 | 0.031 | 0.11 |
| Nuts and seeds | Brazil nuts | 6.6 | 26 | 0.10 | 0.4 |
| Nuts and seeds | Peanuts (incl nut butter) | 34 | 130 | 0.51 | 1.9 |
| Soya based alternatives to milk | Soy (drink) milk -unflavoured, unsweetened, fortified etc2 | 24000 | 65000 | 360 | 1100 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Yogurt, soy2 | 8400 | 23000 | 120 | 330 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Soy ice cream2 | 11000 | 24000 | 160 | 410 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Burger, soy based2 | 3200 | 7900 | 46 | 110 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Mince, savory, soy or TVP based (high soy content)2 | 25000 | 59000 | 360 | 900 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Sausage, TVP/ soy2 | 3600 | 7800 | 52 | 130 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Soya bean, Tofu5 | 9200 | 21000 | 140 | 460 |
| Bread (excl. soya/ linseed bread) | Bread, white | 690 | 1500 | 10 | 25 |
| Bread (excl. soya/ linseed bread) | Bread, brown/ wholemeal | 460 | 1100 | 6.7 | 16 |
| Bread (excl. soya/ linseed bread) | Bread, granary mixed grain, wheatgerm2 | 630 | 1300 | 9.4 | 22 |
| Bread, soya/ linseed bread | Bread, soya—linseed 4,5 | 86004 | 200004 | 1304 | 2604 |
| Bread, soya/ linseed bread | Bread, soya and linseed bread plus other bread2,6 | 9000 | 19000 | 130 | 310 |
| Legumes | Green beans (including runner beans and French beans3 | 92 | 330 | 1.3 | 4.8 |
| Legumes | Beansprouts | 98 | 340 | 1.5 | 5.0 |
| Legumes | Chickpeas3 | 160 | 660 | 2.6 | 9.9 |
| Legumes | Soya beans3 | 670 | 6900 | 10 | 93 |
| Legumes | Soya flour | 810 | 3300 | 12 | 55 |
| All food groups | All | 31000 | 81000 | 460 | 1300 |
- A value below threshold was used to distinguish between consumption of instant coffee powder and a coffee infusion.
- Proxy data or partial proxy data used.
- Conversion factor applied to raw/ dry foods to convert to cooked/ wet weight food.or vice versa.
- This exposure is based on limited data in NDNS for soya-linseed bread food codes. Additional explanation above the table and in the appendix.
- Consumption or exposure estimates made with a small number of consumers may not be accurate. The number of consumers is less than 60, this should be treated with caution and may not be representative for a large number of consumers.
- The food group has been provided for information only to compare with the soya/ linseed bread group and has not been included in the all food group estimates.
Table 4. Chronic exposure to total phytoestrogens from food for women of childbearing age (16-49 years)
| Food group | Subgroup | Mean (µg/day) | 97.5th percentile (µg/day) | Mean (µg/kg bw/day) | 97.5th percentile (µg/kg bw/day) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee | Coffee, instant powder | 32 | 110 | 0.46 | 1.6 |
| Coffee | Coffee, infusion1 | 18 | 81 | 0.26 | 1.2 |
| Nuts and seeds | Almonds (incl nut butter) | 2.8 | 16 | 0.042 | 0.22 |
| Nuts and seeds | Brazil nuts | 20 | 87 | 0.31 | 1.5 |
| Nuts and seeds | Cashews (incl nut butter) | 5.1 | 34 | 0.079 | 0.48 |
| Nuts and seeds | Peanuts (incl nut butter) | 30 | 120 | 0.45 | 1.8 |
| Nuts and seeds | Pine nuts | 0.84 | 5.0 | 0.013 | 0.086 |
| Nuts and seeds | Walnuts | 4.1 | 20 | 0.063 | 0.30 |
| Nuts and seeds | Pumpkins seeds | 17 | 67 | 0.27 | 0.97 |
| Nuts and seeds | Sunflower seeds | 3.2 | 22 | 0.048 | 0.31 |
| Soya based alternatives to milk | Soy (drink) milk - unflavoured, | 14000 | 43000 | 210 | 680 |
- A value below threshold was used to distinguish between consumption of instant coffee powder and a coffee infusion.
- Proxy data or partial proxy data used.
- Conversion factor applied to raw/ dry foods to convert to cooked/ wet weight food.or vice versa.
- This exposure is based on limited data in NDNS for soya-linseed bread food codes. Additional explanation above the table and in the appendix.
- Consumption or exposure estimates made with a small number of consumers may not be accurate. The number of consumers is less than 60, this should be treated with caution and may not be representative for a large number of consumers.
- The food group has been provided for information only to compare with the soya/ linseed bread group and has not been included in the all food group estimates.
Table 5. Chronic exposure to isoflavones from food for women of childbearing age (16-49 years)
| Food group | Subgroup | Mean (µg/day) | 97.5th percentile (µg/day) | Mean (µg/kg bw/day) | 97.5th percentile (µg/kg bw/day) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee | Coffee, instant powder | 16 | 55 | 0.23 | 0.78 |
| Coffee | Coffee, infusion1 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 0.016 | 0.070 |
| Nuts and seeds | Brazil nuts | 2.4 | 10 | 0.037 | 0.18 |
| Nuts and seeds | Peanuts (incl nut butter) | 11 | 43 | 0.16 | 0.64 |
| Soya based alternatives to milk | Soy (drink) milk -unflavoured, unsweetened, fortified etc2 | 14000 | 43000 | 210 | 680 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Yogurt, soy2 | 3200 | 11000 | 47 | 170 |
| Soya based alternatives to dairy products | Soy ice cream2 | 3200 | 9100 | 48 | 140 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Burger, soy based2 | 880 | 2200 | 13 | 36 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Mince, savory, soy or TVP based (high soy content)2 | 7500 | 23000 | 110 | 340 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Sausage, TVP/ soy2 | 1100 | 2800 | 15 | 43 |
| Soy based meat substitutes | Soya bean, Tofu5 | 2800 | 7000 | 44 | 150 |
| Bread (excl. soya/ linseed bread) | Bread, white | 310 | 880 | 4.6 | 14 |
| Bread (excl. soya/ linseed bread) | Bread, brown/ wholemeal | 210 | 590 | 3.0 | 9.0 |
| Bread (excl. soya/ linseed bread) | Bread, granary mixed grain, wheatgerm2 | 260 | 780 | 3.9 | 12 |
| Bread, soya/ linseed bread | Bread, soya—linseed4,5 | 35004 | 94004 | 494 | 1304 |
| Bread, soya/ linseed bread | Bread, soya and linseed bread plus other bread 2,6 | 3700 | 11000 | 56 | 170 |
| Legumes | Green beans (including runner beans and French beans3 | 26 | 87 | 0.38 | 1.4 |
| Legumes | Beansprouts | 27 | 96 | 0.41 | 1.5 |
| Legumes | Chickpeas3 | 58 | 290 | 0.90 | 4.9 |
| Legumes | Soya beans3 | 200 | 1800 | 3.0 | 30 |
| Legumes | Soya flour | 270 | 1000 | 3.9 | 18 |
| All food groups | All | 18000 | 49000 | 260 | 780 |
- A value below threshold was used to distinguish between consumption of instant coffee powder and a coffee infusion.
- Proxy data or partial proxy data used.
- Conversion factor applied to raw/ dry foods to convert to cooked/ wet weight food.or vice versa.
- This exposure is based on limited data in NDNS for soya-linseed bread food codes. Additional explanation above the table and in the appendix.
- Consumption or exposure estimates made with a small number of consumers may not be accurate. The number of consumers is less than 60, this should be treated with caution and may not be representative for a large number of consumers.
- The food group has been provided for information only to compare with the soya/ linseed bread group and has not been included in the all food group estimates.