Official Statistics

Tribunal Statistics Quarterly: July to September 2025

Published 11 December 2025

1. Main Points

This publication presents tribunals statistics for the latest quarter (July to September, Q2 2025/26), compared to the same quarter of the previous year. It also includes annual data for the Employment Appeal Tribunals (EAT) for 2024/25 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal (SEND) for 2024/25 academic year. The collection page with links to the accompanying documents for this publication can be found here.

This publication does not include all the tribunals – figures for Upper Tribunal Immigration and Asylum (UTIAC) are excluded. The total of the remaining jurisdictions is referred to in the accompanying tables as the ‘Interim Total’ and has been provided to allow like-for-like comparisons over time.

Data from the missing tribunals will be published as soon as they become available and are quality assured.

The interim[footnote 1] overall volumes of receipts, disposals and open cases have all increased	In July to September 2025 His Majesty’s Courts & Tribunals Service (HMCTS) recorded a 23% increase in the interim[footnote 1] total for receipts, and a 3% increase in the total for disposals, compared to the same quarter in 2024. Receipts have exceeded disposals over the last year, resulting in a 18% increase in open caseload to 795,000 at the end of September 2025.
SSCS receipts remained stable, while disposals decreased	Compared to the same period in 2024, Social Security and Child Support (SSCS) receipts remained stable and disposals decreased by 11%. Receipts have exceeded disposals over the last year, resulting in a 9% increase in open cases.
FTTIAC receipts, disposals and open cases all increased	FTTIAC receipts increased by 123%, while disposals increased by 50% in July to September 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Over the last year, receipts have exceeded cases disposed of, leading to an increase in open caseload of 92%.
Employment Tribunal receipts and open caseload increased, while disposals decreased [footnote 2]	Single Employment Tribunal (ET) receipts increased by 33%, while disposals decreased by 10% in Q2 2025/26, compared to the same period a year ago. Open caseload also increased by 33% over the same period as receipts have exceeded disposals over the last year. In Q2 2025/26 multiple ET claim receipts decreased by 4%, while disposals decreased by 53% compared to the same period a year ago. Open claims increased by 12% over the same period, as receipts have outweighed disposals over the last year.
Gender Recognition Certificates receipts, disposals and open caseload all increased	This quarter there were 450 Gender Recognition Panel (GRP) applications received, 450 disposals and an open caseload of 1,500. GRP receipts increased by 28%, while disposals increased by 34% in Q2 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. Although both receipts and disposals have risen compared to Q2 2024, there have been more receipts over the last year than disposals, resulting in an increase in open caseload of 71%.

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2. Statistician’s Comment

Overall, tribunal receipts and disposals both rose in Q2 2025/26 compared to the same period last year. Open caseload has also continued to increase as receipts have exceeded disposals over this period.

The rise in receipts over the latest quarter was driven predominantly by a continued increase in FTTIAC to the highest level since 2013/14. Disposals for this tribunal have also reported an upturn this quarter to their highest level since 2018/19.

The annual Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) data included in this publication shows that receipts and disposals have continued to increase for the 9th consecutive year, both reaching new maximums. Throughout this period, the level of registered appeals has been above the outcomes decided, leading to an increase in the SEND open caseload.

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3. Overview of Tribunals

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The receipts total was 115,000 and the disposals total was 79,000 in Q2 2025/26

In July to September 2025, HMCTS recorded a 23% increase in the totals for receipts, and a 3% increase in the totals for disposals, when compared to the same quarter in 2024. Over the year, receipts exceeded disposals and the open caseload total increased by 18%, to 795,000, at the end of the period.

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This publication does not include Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) data from Q2 of 2021/22 and Employment Tribunals data for Q1 2021/22 due to database migration. The total of the remaining jurisdictions is referred to in this publication and accompanying tables as the ‘Interim Total’ and has been provided to allow consistent year-on-year comparisons over time.

This summary bulletin focuses mainly on the Social Security and Child Support (SSCS) Tribunal, the First-tier Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber (FTTIAC), and the Employment Tribunal as they made up the majority (77%) of tribunal receipts in July to September 2025:

• Social Security and Child Support (SSCS) - 29% of receipts
• Employment Tribunal (ET) - 22% of receipts
• First-tier tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber (FTTIAC) - 26% of receipts

Figure 3.1: Receipts and disposals interim totals, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Tables S_2 and S_3)

Figure 3.2: Open caseload^{[footnote 3]} interim totals, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Table S_4)

The charts above show the trends in receipts, disposals and open caseload over the last five years for SSCS, FTTIAC, ET (single + multiple claims), and all tribunals (using the Interim Total measure).

In July to September 2025, overall receipts increased by 23% compared to July to September 2024. The biggest increases occurred in Employment Single claims and First-tier Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber (33% and 123% respectively). Increases were also seen across SEND and the Residential Property Tribunals over this period (up 16% and 32% respectively).

Overall disposals increased by 3% in July to September 2025 (to 79,000) compared to Q2 2024/25. The rise was driven by increases in FTTIAC, the First-tier Tax Chamber and Residential Property Tribunals (up 50%, 222% and 51% respectively). However, this was offset by falls in disposals for the Employment Tribunal and SSCS (down 35% and 11% respectively).

Although both receipts and disposals increased this quarter, receipts grew at a faster rate resulting in an overall increase in the open caseload.

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4. Social Security and Child Support

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From April 2023 the SSCS Tribunal started to list cases using a new Scheduling and Listing solution. Alongside this, HMCTS has been migrating to a new Strategic Data Platform. As a result, some cases heard and decided using the new listing system for SSCS Cardiff are not yet included in the published data. Revised, complete data will be published as soon as they are available.

Compared to the same period in 2024, Social Security and Child Support (SSCS) receipts remained stable and disposals decreased by 11%. Open cases increased by 9%, as receipts have exceeded disposals over the last year. Please note, although receipts include cases from the early adopter Regions (Wales and the Southwest) for Integrated List Assist (LA), disposals do not. Therefore, disposal volumes will increase when these cases are included.

Of the 26,000 disposals in Q2 2025/26, 63% were cleared at a hearing and of these, 58% had the initial decision revised in favour of the claimant (compared to 59% and 60% in the same period in 2024/25 respectively).

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Figure 4.1: Social Security and Child Support receipts and disposals, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Tables SSCS_1 and SSCS_2)

Figure 4.2: Social Security and Child Support open caseload, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Table SSCS_4)

Following a drop due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, SSCS receipts increased significantly from Q2 2021/22 and have remained relatively stable since Q1 2022/23.

SSCS receipts remained stable this quarter, at 33,000, compared to July to September 2024. This was driven by a decrease in Personal Independence Payment (PIP) (by 10%), which was offset by rises in Disability Living Allowance (DLA) and Universal Credit (UC) (by 59% and 25% respectively). The biggest contributors in terms of receipt volumes are PIP and UC appeals, which accounted for 58% and 23% respectively of all SSCS receipts in July to September 2025.

In July to September 2025, SSCS disposals decreased by 11% when compared to the same period in 2024, at 26,000. PIP made up nearly two thirds (62%), and UC, around a fifth (21%) of SSCS disposal volumes.

Of the disposals made by the SSCS tribunal, 16,000 (63%) were cleared at hearing, and of these, 58% were overturned in favour of the claimant (up from 59% and down from 60% on the same period in 2024 respectively). This overturn rate varied by benefit type, with PIP at 63%, DLA 61%, Employment Support Allowance (ESA) 46%, and UC 48%. The PIP, DLA, ESA and UC overturn rates mostly decreased compared with July to September 2024 (PIP down 5, DLA up 4 , ESA down 2 and UC down 4 percentage points).

There were 84,000 SSCS open caseload at the end of September 2025, an increase of 9% compared to the same period in 2024. SSCS open caseload decreased gradually between Q4 2017/18 and Q2 2021/22 (from a peak of 125,000 to 32,000), only rising in Q3 2019/20. However, since Q2 2021/22, SSCS open caseload started to rise again.

Of those cases disposed of by the SSCS tribunal in July to September 2025, the mean age of a case at disposal was 33 weeks, a 3 weeks increase compared to the same period in 2024 (see table T_2).

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5. Immigration and Asylum

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First-tier Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber (FTTIAC)

In July to September 2025, FTTIAC receipts increased by 123% to 30,000, compared to the same quarter last year. Disposals increased by 50% (to 15,000), over the same period.

In the same period, open caseload increased by 92% (to 121,000).

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Figure 5.1: First-tier Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber receipts and disposals, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Tables FIA_1 and FIA_2)

Figure 5.2: First-tier Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber open caseload, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Table FIA_4)

This quarter receipts increased by 123% (to 30,000) compared to the same period last year, predominantly driven by increases in Asylum appeals (including protection and revocation of protection - AP) and EEA Free Movement (by 240% and 179% respectively). After a period of stability in 2022/23 following recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, receipts rose steeply in Q3 2023/24 (to 20,000) driven by increases in Asylum appeals, due to the Home Office’s work to tackle the backlog of legacy asylum claims.

Human Rights (HR) receipts decreased by 6% to 5,200 over the same period. HR, AP and EEA proportionally represented 17%, 54% and 28% of all FTTIAC receipts respectively (down 24, up 19 and up 6 percentage points respectively from a year ago).

In Q2 2025/26, FTTIAC disposals increased by 50% to 15,000. This rise in disposals was driven by increases in EEA Free Movement and Asylum appeals (by 103% and 59% respectively). Asylum disposals made up the largest proportion (47%) of all FTTIAC disposals in July to September 2025, up from 45% a year ago.

Of the disposals made in the FTTIAC this quarter, 42% were determined i.e. a decision was made by a judge at a hearing or on the papers (compared to 64% in Q2 2024/25); 28% were withdrawn (compared to 19% in Q2 2024/25); 15% were struck out for non-payment of the appeal fee (compared to 3% in Q2 2024/25), and 14% were invalid or out of time (compared to 5% in Q2 2024/25). Around a third (38%) of the 6,100 cases determined at a hearing or on the papers were allowed/granted, although this varied by case type (39% of Asylum/Protection, 45% of Human Rights and 29% of EEA Free Movement appeals were allowed/granted).

In the FTTIAC, the mean time taken to clear appeals across all categories was at 52 weeks in the latest quarter, 8 weeks longer compared to the same period a year ago. Asylum/Protection, Human Rights and EEA Free Movement had mean times taken of 60, 58, and 36 weeks respectively.

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Upper Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber Judicial Reviews (UTIAC JRs)

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HMCTS are currently reviewing the UTIAC JR figures as part of their broader data quality programme. This review may lead to revisions in the future and so users should treat these figures with some caution at this stage.

In July to September 2025, there were 1,200 Immigration and Asylum Judicial Review receipts and 1,100 disposals, an increase of 38% and a decrease of 9% respectively compared to July to September 2024.

Of the 1,100 Immigration and Asylum Judicial Reviews disposed of, 47% were determined and 2% were transferred to the Administrative Court. The remaining 51% were in the ‘Other’ category, which includes cases that were withdrawn or not served.

During July to September 2025, 660 UTIAC Judicial Review applications were determined by paper hearing, of which 16% were allowed to continue to the substantive hearing stage. A further 46 were reconsidered at an oral renewal, of which 87% were allowed to continue to the substantive hearing stage. There were 14 substantive hearings which were determined in July to September 2025 of which 21% were granted in favour of the appellant (see table UIA_3).

Over the last year, disposals exceeded receipts, which means open caseload rose by 33%, to 1,800, compared to July to September 2024.

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6. Employment Tribunals

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Employment Tribunal single cases

In Q2 2025, the Employment Tribunal received 12,000 single claim receipts and disposed of 5,900 single claim cases. There were 52,000 single claim cases in the open caseload at the end of September.

These figures can be found in the summary (S1, S2, S3 and S4) tables of the main tables and include data from both legacy and Reform case management systems. Numbers in ET_R tables include only Reform single claim cases and so will not match figures in the summary tables.

Employment Tribunal lead multiple cases

There were 630 lead multiple cases received, and 520 cases disposed of in Q2 2025/26. The number of open lead cases stood at 7,200 at the end of September. These lead multiple cover 14,000 Multiple claim receipts, 4,600 disposals, and an open caseload of 463,000 multiple claims at the end of September.

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Employment Tribunals transitioned to a new database (Employment Case Management) during March to May 2021. It has not been possible to provide full results from both databases during this migration period on a consistent basis. Therefore, Employment Tribunal (ET) data is not available for Q1 2021/22, and as a result we are unable to present data for the full financial year of 2021/22.

The total figures reported here and in the summary tables are produced from a combination of systems (ECM Reform and ECM Legacy) which have been amalgamated from Q2 2025/26 to provide combined totals for Receipts, Disposals and Open Caseload, resulting in revisions to these data series. Previously, this data was provided via a temporary tactical solution, which resulted in overcounting of receipts and open caseload. This issue has now been largely resolved, however, there may be a small number of double-counted Singles and Lead Multiples in the open caseload that we will remove going forward.

The Jurisdictional breakdown for receipts, disposals, open caseload, and timeliness is available for Single Employment Tribunals (ET) on the Reform system only. This has been reintroduced to the publication in the ET_R and timeliness tables within the main tables to benefit the broadest range of user needs. Additional data will be added to these tables as multiple cases and the remainder of the single cases transfer to the Reform system. A timetable for the roll out to Reform is included in our Tribunals guide which can be found in the latest publication here.

In Q2 2025/26, there were 26,000 Employment Tribunals (ET) receipts, 46% (12,000) of which were single claims receipts, and the remaining 54% (14,000) were multiple claims receipts, within 630 lead multiple cases. The ET disposed of 10,000 claims in Q2 2025/26. At the end of Q2 2025/26, there were 515,000 open claims in total, covering single and multiple claims.

Figure 6.1: Employment Tribunals single and multiple claims receipts and disposals, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Tables S_2 and S_3)

• Note that the axes for single and multiple claims use different scales

Figure 6.2: Employment Tribunals single and multiple claims open caseload, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Table S_4)

• Note that the axes for single and multiple claims use different scales

Single claim open caseload (at 52,000) has reached its highest level in the timeseries, exceeding the peak of 44,000 in Q3 2020/21 for the second consecutive quarter, and up 33% compared to the same period in 2024/25.

There were 14,000 multiple claims received this quarter. Multiple claims tend to be more volatile as they can be skewed by a high number of claims against a single employer.

The peaks seen in the disposal chart in Q3 2021/22, Q3 2023/24 and Q4 2023/24 are due to large spikes in multiple claims:

• A dismissal judgment was issued in December 2021 for multiple British Airways claims. These claims had been withdrawn over a number of years but given the volume and restrictions with the old case management system these had not been formally closed, hence the spike.
• Between November 2023 and March 2024 a bulk case of multiple claims for equal pay against Glasgow City Council have been settled and subsequently withdrawn, resulting in the spike in disposals in Q3 and Q4 2023/24.

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7. Employment Appeal Tribunal, 2024/25

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From July 2022, the Employment Tribunal (ET) migrated to a new case management system (ECM Reform) for Single cases only. Due to the migration process, work is ongoing to establish amalgamated data on Representation, and Compensation and Costs awarded (tables E_1 to E_10). The data will be made available as soon as possible when the data is extracted and quality assured.

HMCTS are currently reviewing the Employment Appeal Tribunals figures as part of their broader data quality programme. This review may lead to revisions in the future and so users should treat these figures with some caution at this stage.

Employment Appeal Tribunals (EAT)

In 2024/25, the Employment Appeal Tribunal received 1,700 appeals (an increase of 10% compared to 2023/24) and disposed of 1,200 appeals (an increase of 16% compared to 2023/24).

In 2024/25, 29% of appeals which were dealt with at a preliminary hearing were dismissed (24 of 84 appeals). This proportion is higher for appeals brought by employees, where 31% of appeals were dismissed compared to 15% of appeals brought by employers which were dismissed.

Of those appeals that reached an EAT final hearing, 53% were dismissed at full hearing. This proportion is higher for appeals brought by employees, where 57% of appeals were dismissed compared to 41% of appeals brought by employers which were dismissed.

Figure 7.1: Outcome of EAT Disposals, 2009/10 to 2024/25 (Source: Table E_11)

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8. Gender Recognition Certificates

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450 Gender Recognition Panel (GRP) applications were received and 450 were disposed of between July to September 2025; 1,500 applications were pending by the end of September 2025

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The GRP received 450 applications this quarter, an increase of 28% compared to July to September 2024. In Q2 2025/26, there has been a 34% increase in disposals, following the spike in receipts in Q1 2025/26. Of the 450 applications disposed of, a full Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC) was granted in 89% of cases (410 full GRCs), up 2 percentage points compared to the same period in 2024 (where 290 full GRCs were granted out of 340 disposals).

The open caseload reached 1,500 in Q2 2025/26, an increase of 71% higher than the open caseload value of 900 in the same period of last year, although this is stable compared to the previous quarter. The increase in the open caseload has been driven by a steep increase in receipts in April to June 2025, when the panel recorded its highest receipt volume in the timeseries at 730, which outweighed the number of disposals in this quarter (260).

This quarter, 7% of all disposals (33 cases) have been refused. This is down 1 percentage point from the same quarter last year (8%, 28 refusals out of 340 total disposals in Q2 2024/25). From December 2024, cases that have passed the deadline to respond to a Judge, and not co-operated with directions for several months may be classed as ‘withdrawn’ at the discretion of the judge. This may explain the lower refusal numbers in recent quarters as some of these applications might have been previously disposed of as refusals. Applications can be refused if they do not meet the required criteria. More information on the criteria can be found at the following link: Apply for a Gender Recognition Certificate - GOV.UK.

Since April 2005/06, when the Gender Recognition Act 2004 came into effect, 61% of interim certificates (170 of the 280 interim GRCs granted) have been converted to a full GRC, 52% of which were converted within 30 weeks. No interim certificates were converted to a full GRC between July to September 2025. The Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Act (2020), which took effect from 6th April 2022, changed the process for no fault divorces, reducing the need for interim certificates; we therefore expect to see a considerable drop in these.

Of the 410 full certificates granted in July to September 2025, 47 were for married applicants and 360 for single applicants. 230 (56%) of the individuals granted full certificates were registered male at birth while 180 (44%) were registered female at birth.

Figure 8.1: Applications for Gender Recognition Certificates received, disposed of and pending, Q2 2021/22 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Tables GRP_1 and GRP_2)

Figure 8.2: Full Gender Recognition Certificates granted by year of birth, 2018/19 to 2024/25 (Source: Table GRP_4)

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9. Annual Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) Statistics

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18% increase in registered SEN appeals when compared to 2023/24 academic year

In the academic year 2024/25, HMCTS tribunals recorded 25,000 registered SEN appeals, an increase of 18% when compared to the previous year. In the same period, 20,000 SEN appeals were disposed of, an increase of 19% on 2023/24.

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Figure 9.1: Registered SEN appeals, 2015/16 to 2024/25 academic years (Source: Table SEND_1)^{[footnote 4]}

Of the 25,000 registered SEN appeals in 2024/25, 24% were against ‘refusal to secure an EHC assessment’, while a total of 61% were in relation to the content of EHC plans.

The increase in appeals registered is likely a combination of:

• the continued effect of the 2014 SEN reforms, which introduced Education, Health and Care plans (EHCPs) and extended the provision of support from birth to 25 years of age
• the expansion of the Tribunal’s powers to make non-binding recommendations on health and social care (where there is a valid appeal on an educational element of the plan)
• the growth in the number of families seeking EHC plan assessments and subsequently the rise in the number of children and young people with an EHC plan

SEND open caseload reached a new high of 15,000 cases in Q2 2025/26 financial year, driven by the previously noted rising trend in SEND appeals registered.

Figure 9.2: SEND Open Caseload, Q2 2018/19 to Q2 2025/26 (Source: Table S_4)^{[footnote 5]}

In 2024/25, HMCTS recorded 20,000 outcomes in relation to SEN appeals, an increase of 19% compared to 2023/24. Of these outcomes, 71% (14,000) of cases were decided by the tribunal, up 4 percentage points on 2023/24. Of the cases decided, 99% (14,000) were in favour of the appellant, the same proportion as in 2023/24. These are cases where the appellant wins the majority of the appeal (i.e. the appellant may be successful in 2 out of the 3 sections they appeal against). Work has been undertaken to provide further breakdowns of this data for section I appeals, please see Table SEND_11 in the SEND annual tables published alongside this bulletin.

In 2024/25, there were 400 registered appeals in relation to disability discrimination, 40 more than the previous year (12% increase). Of these appeals, 20 (5%) were related to temporary exclusion from school and the remainder were uncategorised.

The SEND tribunals disposed of 180 Disability Discrimination claims in 2024/25, up from 170 in the previous year (7% increase). Of these disposals, 82 claims (45%) were decided at hearing, 96 appeals (52%) were withdrawn prior to the hearing taking place, and 5 appeals were conceded. Of those decided at hearing, 48% were dismissed and 52% upheld – compared to 37% dismissed and 63% upheld in 2023/24.

Of the 730 Section I decision notices analysed for academic year 2024/25, 220 (31%) resulted in the parent preference, 170 (24%) resulted in the parent and LA preference (this is when, at a hearing, the LA agrees with the parent), 94 (13%) resulted in the LA preference and 70 (10%) resulted in neither (this is when the type of school is in contention and the court determines the type of school), whilst the rest 170 (23%) could not be determined, either due to the absence of relevant information within the decision notice or limitations of the data science method used. For the majority of cases, there is one decision notice per appeal in this data. In a small number of cases, multiple decision notices are included for a single appeal, where the initial decision is altered or updated between annual publications of these statistics.

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10. Further information

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Rounding convention

Figures greater than 10,000 are rounded to the nearest 1,000, those between 1,000 and 10,000 are rounded to the nearest 100 and those between 100 to 1,000 are rounded to the nearest 10. Less than 100 are given as the actual number.

Accompanying files

As well as this bulletin, the following products are published as part of this release and can be accessed through the collection page here:

• A supporting document providing further information on how the data is collected and processed, as well as information on the revisions policy and legislation relevant to trends and background on the functioning of the tribunal system.

• The quality statement published with this guide sets out our policies for producing quality statistical outputs for the information we provide to maintain our users’ understanding and trust.

• A set of overview tables, covering each section of this bulletin. This publication also includes annual data for the Employment Appeal Tribunals (EAT) for 2024/25 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal (SEND) for 2024/25 academic year.

• A set of CSV files including data on overall receipts and disposals, covering all tribunal types and venue level data for SSCS and FTTIAC.

• Additional releases this quarter:

  • Update to the statistical notice on Immigration and Asylum (I&A) Detained Immigration Appeals (DIA) to include data to Q2 2025/26.

Future publications

Our statisticians regularly review the content of publications. Development of new and improved statistical outputs is usually dependent on reallocating existing resources. As part of our continual review and prioritisation, we welcome user feedback on existing outputs including content, breadth, frequency and methodology. Please send any comments you have on this publication including suggestions for further developments or reductions in content.

Official Statistics

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You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards.

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Contact

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Other enquiries and feedback on these statistics should be directed to the Courts and People division of the Ministry of Justice:

Rita Kumi-Ampofo or Laura Davis - email: CAJS@justice.gov.uk

Next update: 12 March 2026 (URL: www.gov.uk/government/collections/tribunals-statistics)

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1. The interim totals for the overall volumes of tribunal receipts, disposals and open caseload exclude the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) for which the data is currently not available. See the main tables S_2, S_3 and S_4 for more information. ↩ ↩²

2. Includes single and multiple Employment Tribunal claims. ↩

3. Open caseload is based on a snapshot in time based on the last day of each quarter. ↩

4. The underlying data for Figure 9.1 is the Special Educational Needs (SEN) appeals and outcomes for each academic year (1st September to 31st August) which can be found in SEND_1. ↩

5. The underlying data in Figure 9.2 for the caseload outstanding trendline is from the Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) caseload outstanding as at Q2 of each year which can be found in S_4 of the main tables. ↩