Research and analysis

Using activity and agent-based models in transport appraisal

A think piece exploring whether activity and agent-based models can support transport appraisal, how they could affect it and where further research is needed.

• From: Department for Transport
• Published: 28 May 2026

Documents

Think piece: appraisal using activity and agent-based models

PDF, 2.19 MB, 104 pages

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Details

The study considered how activity and agent‑based models could enhance transport appraisal by:

• reviewing UK and international practice
• engaging with experts
• mapping model capabilities to Department for Transport (DfT) requirements

It identified potential benefits, such as improved behavioural and equity analysis.

The report outlines the architecture of these models and proposes methods for translating outputs into consumer‑surplus‑based benefits. It considers incorporating activity values, wellbeing and wider policy objectives. The report also recommends:

• further research
• a national modelling toolset to support consistent appraisal and strategic planning

Peter Davidson Consultancy Ltd carried out this think-piece study on behalf of DfT.

Published 28 May 2026