History

Past Prime Ministers

76 Past Prime Ministers

1. The Rt Hon Theresa May MP
2. The Rt Hon David Cameron
3. The Rt Hon Gordon Brown
4. The Rt Hon Tony Blair
5. The Rt Hon Sir John Major KG CH
6. Baroness Margaret Thatcher
7. James Callaghan
8. Harold Wilson
9. Sir Edward Heath
10. Harold Wilson
11. Sir Alec Douglas-Home
12. Harold Macmillan
13. Sir Anthony Eden
14. Sir Winston Churchill
15. Clement Attlee
16. Sir Winston Churchill
17. Neville Chamberlain
18. Stanley Baldwin
19. James Ramsay MacDonald
20. Stanley Baldwin
21. James Ramsay MacDonald
22. Stanley Baldwin
23. Andrew Bonar Law
24. David Lloyd George
25. Herbert Henry Asquith
26. Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
27. Arthur James Balfour
28. Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
29. Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
30. William Ewart Gladstone
31. Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
32. William Ewart Gladstone
33. Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
34. William Ewart Gladstone
35. Benjamin Disraeli, the Earl of Beaconsfield
36. William Ewart Gladstone
37. Benjamin Disraeli, the Earl of Beaconsfield
38. Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
39. Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
40. Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
41. Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
42. Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
43. George Hamilton Gordon Earl of Aberdeen
44. Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
45. Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
46. Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet
47. William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
48. Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet
49. Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
50. William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
51. Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey
52. Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
53. Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich
54. George Canning
55. Robert Banks Jenkinson Earl of Liverpool
56. Spencer Perceval
57. William Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland
58. William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville
59. William Pitt 'The Younger'
60. Henry Addington 1st Viscount Sidmouth
61. William Pitt 'The Younger'
62. William Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland
63. William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne
64. Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
65. Lord Frederick North
66. Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton
67. William Pitt 'The Elder', 1st Earl of Chatham
68. Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
69. George Grenville
70. John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
71. Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle
72. William Cavendish Duke of Devonshire
73. Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle
74. Henry Pelham
75. Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington
76. Sir Robert Walpole

Clement Attlee Labour 1945 to 1951

Born

3 January 1883, London

Died

8 October 1967, London

Dates in office

1945 to 1951

Political party

Labour

Major acts

National Health Service Act 1946: made healthcare free on the basis of citizenship and need rather than the payment of fees or insurance premiums.

National Insurance Act 1946: introduced social security, in which persons of working age had to pay a weekly contribution and in return were entitled to a wide range of benefits when they could no longer work.

Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946, Electricity Act 1947, Transport Act 1947: nationalised the coal industry, electricity utilities, railways and long-distance haulage.

Town and Country Planning Act 1947: planning permission now required for land development; ownership alone no longer sufficient.

Children Act 1948: established a comprehensive childcare service, reforming services providing care to deprived and orphaned children.

Nurseries and Child-Minders Regulation Act 1948: paid child-minders now registered and regulated; inspection regime in place to check their methods and facilities meet basic minimum standards.

National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949: allowed the creation of National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in England and Wales, gave the public rights of way and access to open land.

Interesting facts

Nationalised one fifth of the British economy.

Clement Attlee was leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955, and served as Britain’s Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951. As Prime Minister, he enlarged and improved social services and the public sector in post-war Britain, creating the National Health Service and nationalising major industries and public utilities. Attlee's government also presided over the decolonisation of India, Pakistan, Burma, Ceylon and Jordan, and saw the creation of the state of Israel upon Britain's withdrawal from Palestine.

Born to a middle-class family in London, Clement Attlee studied at Oxford University, and then trained as a lawyer. He went on to manage Haileybury House, a charitable youth organisation in Limehouse, east London. This experience clearly had a profound impact on Attlee, whose political views were shaped by the poverty he witnessed in London’s East End, and in 1908, he joined the Independent Labour Party. Upon the advent of the First World War, he applied for a Commission and served as a Captain. His reputation as an effective, efficient leader gained him promotion to the rank of Major, a title that would stay with him beyond his military life.

On returning from the war, Attlee moved into politics, becoming Mayor of Stepney in 1919 and MP for Limehouse in 1922. He continued to rise within the Labour Party, and was elected its leader in 1935, following the resignation of George Lansbury. During the Second World War, he was called into Winston Churchill’s coalition government, notably holding the title of Deputy Prime Minister from 1942 to 1945. When a general election was called at the peak of the war in Europe, Attlee led the Labour Party to a surprising landslide victory, winning 393 seats to the Conservative’s 213, and 48% of the public vote.

His period as Prime Minister was one of intense activity. The notoriously blunt, relatively quiet man was nevertheless very skilled at quick, decisive action. His leadership style was apparently collective, but once the Prime Minister had let his Cabinet voice their opinions, he would quickly make decisions with military precision. As a result, practically all of Labour’s manifesto pledges were implemented under Attlee. Despite the Second World War leaving Britain effectively bankrupt, he managed the creation of the National Health Service, part of the Welfare State that sought to provide ‘cradle to the grave’ care for British citizens. On top of this, many of Britain’s largest industries – such as coal mining, electricity and the railways – were brought under state control, despite recurring currency crises and shortages of food and resources so severe that rationing had to be maintained long after the war.

Attlee’s time as Prime Minister also saw intense foreign policy activity. He placed great faith in Ernest Bevin, his Foreign Secretary, and together they oversaw Indian independence, American loans and ‘Marshall Aid’ for the rebuilding of Britain and Western Europe, the Berlin airlift and Britain’s commitment to the United Nations.

In the 1950 General Election Labour lost its majority, and by the time of its defeat in the general election of 1951, the Labour government had worked itself to near exhaustion. Attlee, however, continued to lead the Labour party until 1955, and died in 1967, aged 84.

More than one survey of academics has voted Attlee the most successful British Prime Minister of all time.