Research and analysis
D4i: Relative abundance of species in England, 1970 to 2023
Updated 1 December 2025
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| year | trendline | value |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 100.0 |
| 1971 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 93.1 |
| 1972 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 88.1 |
| 1973 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 84.6 |
| 1974 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 82.3 |
| 1975 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 80.8 |
| 1976 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 80.1 |
| 1977 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 80.0 |
| 1978 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 80.4 |
| 1979 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 81.0 |
| 1980 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 81.9 |
| 1981 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 82.9 |
| 1982 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 83.9 |
| 1983 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 84.7 |
| 1984 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 85.4 |
| 1985 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 85.8 |
| 1986 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 85.9 |
| 1987 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 85.7 |
| 1988 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 85.2 |
| 1989 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 84.4 |
| 1990 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 83.4 |
| 1991 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 82.1 |
| 1992 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 80.7 |
| 1993 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 79.2 |
| 1994 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 77.6 |
| 1995 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 76.0 |
| 1996 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 74.4 |
| 1997 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 72.8 |
| 1998 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 71.4 |
| 1999 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 70.2 |
| 2000 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 69.1 |
| 2001 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 68.2 |
| 2002 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 67.5 |
| 2003 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 67.0 |
| 2004 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.6 |
| 2005 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.5 |
| 2006 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.4 |
| 2007 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.4 |
| 2008 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.5 |
| 2009 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.6 |
| 2010 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.6 |
| 2011 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.7 |
| 2012 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.7 |
| 2013 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.6 |
| 2014 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.5 |
| 2015 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.4 |
| 2016 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.4 |
| 2017 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.3 |
| 2018 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.3 |
| 2019 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.4 |
| 2020 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.5 |
| 2021 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 66.7 |
| 2022 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 67.1 |
| 2023 | Smoothed index (option 1) | 67.5 |
| 1970 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 100.0 |
| 1971 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 92.2 |
| 1972 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 86.5 |
| 1973 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 82.6 |
| 1974 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 79.9 |
| 1975 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 78.2 |
| 1976 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 77.3 |
| 1977 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 77.1 |
| 1978 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 77.2 |
| 1979 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 77.7 |
| 1980 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 78.4 |
| 1981 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 79.1 |
| 1982 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 79.8 |
| 1983 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 80.4 |
| 1984 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 80.8 |
| 1985 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 81.1 |
| 1986 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 81.0 |
| 1987 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 80.6 |
| 1988 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 80.0 |
| 1989 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 79.1 |
| 1990 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 78.0 |
| 1991 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 76.7 |
| 1992 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 75.2 |
| 1993 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 73.7 |
| 1994 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 72.0 |
| 1995 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 70.4 |
| 1996 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 68.9 |
| 1997 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 67.5 |
| 1998 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 66.1 |
| 1999 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 64.9 |
| 2000 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 63.8 |
| 2001 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 63.0 |
| 2002 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 62.3 |
| 2003 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 61.7 |
| 2004 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 61.4 |
| 2005 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 61.2 |
| 2006 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 61.0 |
| 2007 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.9 |
| 2008 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.9 |
| 2009 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.9 |
| 2010 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.8 |
| 2011 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.8 |
| 2012 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.7 |
| 2013 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.7 |
| 2014 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.6 |
| 2015 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.4 |
| 2016 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.3 |
| 2017 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.2 |
| 2018 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.0 |
| 2019 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 59.9 |
| 2020 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.0 |
| 2021 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.1 |
| 2022 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.5 |
| 2023 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 1) | 60.9 |
| 1970 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 100.0 |
| 1971 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 94.2 |
| 1972 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 89.9 |
| 1973 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 86.8 |
| 1974 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 84.8 |
| 1975 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 83.7 |
| 1976 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 83.3 |
| 1977 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 83.4 |
| 1978 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 84.0 |
| 1979 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 84.9 |
| 1980 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 86.0 |
| 1981 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 87.2 |
| 1982 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 88.5 |
| 1983 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 89.6 |
| 1984 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 90.3 |
| 1985 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 91.0 |
| 1986 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 91.2 |
| 1987 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 91.2 |
| 1988 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 90.8 |
| 1989 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 90.0 |
| 1990 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 89.1 |
| 1991 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 87.8 |
| 1992 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 86.5 |
| 1993 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 85.0 |
| 1994 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 83.3 |
| 1995 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 81.7 |
| 1996 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 80.3 |
| 1997 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 78.7 |
| 1998 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 77.4 |
| 1999 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 76.1 |
| 2000 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 75.0 |
| 2001 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 74.0 |
| 2002 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.3 |
| 2003 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 72.8 |
| 2004 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 72.5 |
| 2005 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 72.5 |
| 2006 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 72.5 |
| 2007 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 72.6 |
| 2008 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 72.7 |
| 2009 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 72.9 |
| 2010 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.0 |
| 2011 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.1 |
| 2012 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.2 |
| 2013 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.1 |
| 2014 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.1 |
| 2015 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.2 |
| 2016 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.1 |
| 2017 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.1 |
| 2018 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.1 |
| 2019 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.3 |
| 2020 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.5 |
| 2021 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 73.6 |
| 2022 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 74.0 |
| 2023 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 1) | 74.6 |
| 1970 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 100.0 |
| 1971 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 89.7 |
| 1972 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 84.6 |
| 1973 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 82.8 |
| 1974 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 82.8 |
| 1975 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 83.6 |
| 1976 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 84.3 |
| 1977 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 83.8 |
| 1978 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 82.1 |
| 1979 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 80.1 |
| 1980 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 79.5 |
| 1981 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 81.4 |
| 1982 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 85.1 |
| 1983 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 88.3 |
| 1984 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 89.1 |
| 1985 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 87.4 |
| 1986 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 84.7 |
| 1987 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 82.4 |
| 1988 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 80.9 |
| 1989 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 80.5 |
| 1990 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 80.9 |
| 1991 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 81.7 |
| 1992 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 82.1 |
| 1993 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 81.9 |
| 1994 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 81.4 |
| 1995 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 80.4 |
| 1996 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 78.4 |
| 1997 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 74.6 |
| 1998 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 69.5 |
| 1999 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 65.0 |
| 2000 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 62.8 |
| 2001 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 63.4 |
| 2002 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 65.9 |
| 2003 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 68.4 |
| 2004 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 69.9 |
| 2005 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 70.2 |
| 2006 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 69.7 |
| 2007 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 68.8 |
| 2008 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 68.3 |
| 2009 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 68.1 |
| 2010 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 68.2 |
| 2011 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 67.8 |
| 2012 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 66.6 |
| 2013 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 65.0 |
| 2014 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 63.7 |
| 2015 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 63.0 |
| 2016 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 63.0 |
| 2017 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 63.8 |
| 2018 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 65.0 |
| 2019 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 66.1 |
| 2020 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 66.9 |
| 2021 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 67.2 |
| 2022 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 67.0 |
| 2023 | Smoothed index (option 2) | 66.6 |
| 1970 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 100.0 |
| 1971 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 88.3 |
| 1972 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 82.7 |
| 1973 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 80.5 |
| 1974 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 80.2 |
| 1975 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 80.7 |
| 1976 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 81.0 |
| 1977 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 80.2 |
| 1978 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 78.5 |
| 1979 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 76.4 |
| 1980 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 75.6 |
| 1981 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 77.3 |
| 1982 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 80.7 |
| 1983 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 83.6 |
| 1984 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 84.0 |
| 1985 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 82.3 |
| 1986 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 79.6 |
| 1987 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 77.4 |
| 1988 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 75.9 |
| 1989 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 75.5 |
| 1990 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 75.8 |
| 1991 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 76.3 |
| 1992 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 76.6 |
| 1993 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 76.3 |
| 1994 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 75.6 |
| 1995 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 74.7 |
| 1996 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 72.8 |
| 1997 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 69.2 |
| 1998 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 64.5 |
| 1999 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 60.2 |
| 2000 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 58.0 |
| 2001 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 58.5 |
| 2002 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 60.7 |
| 2003 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 63.0 |
| 2004 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 64.3 |
| 2005 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 64.5 |
| 2006 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 63.9 |
| 2007 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 63.1 |
| 2008 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 62.5 |
| 2009 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 62.3 |
| 2010 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 62.2 |
| 2011 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 61.7 |
| 2012 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 60.6 |
| 2013 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 59.1 |
| 2014 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 57.8 |
| 2015 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 57.2 |
| 2016 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 57.2 |
| 2017 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 57.8 |
| 2018 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 58.8 |
| 2019 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 59.8 |
| 2020 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 60.5 |
| 2021 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 60.7 |
| 2022 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 60.6 |
| 2023 | 95% credible interval lower bound (option 2) | 60.1 |
| 1970 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 100.0 |
| 1971 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 91.0 |
| 1972 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 86.4 |
| 1973 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 85.0 |
| 1974 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 85.5 |
| 1975 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 86.7 |
| 1976 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 87.5 |
| 1977 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 87.3 |
| 1978 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 85.8 |
| 1979 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 83.8 |
| 1980 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 83.4 |
| 1981 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 85.6 |
| 1982 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 89.9 |
| 1983 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 93.5 |
| 1984 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 94.4 |
| 1985 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 92.9 |
| 1986 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 90.3 |
| 1987 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 87.8 |
| 1988 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 86.4 |
| 1989 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 86.0 |
| 1990 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 86.5 |
| 1991 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 87.3 |
| 1992 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 87.9 |
| 1993 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 87.9 |
| 1994 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 87.5 |
| 1995 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 86.6 |
| 1996 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 84.5 |
| 1997 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 80.6 |
| 1998 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 75.2 |
| 1999 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 70.3 |
| 2000 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 68.0 |
| 2001 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 68.7 |
| 2002 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 71.4 |
| 2003 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.3 |
| 2004 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 76.1 |
| 2005 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 76.6 |
| 2006 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 76.1 |
| 2007 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 75.3 |
| 2008 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.6 |
| 2009 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.5 |
| 2010 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.7 |
| 2011 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.5 |
| 2012 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 73.3 |
| 2013 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 71.8 |
| 2014 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 70.3 |
| 2015 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 69.5 |
| 2016 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 69.5 |
| 2017 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 70.4 |
| 2018 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 71.8 |
| 2019 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 73.0 |
| 2020 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.0 |
| 2021 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.3 |
| 2022 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 74.2 |
| 2023 | 95% credible interval upper bound (option 2) | 73.7 |