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• How medicines affect gut bacteria could inform safer, more effective use

  Understanding gut microbiome interactions with medicines could help explain differences in how people respond to treatment and build on existing medicine safety knowledge to support safer, more effective prescribing in the future.

  • Updated: 23 December 2025
• Gram-negative bacteria: prevention, surveillance and epidemiology

  The characteristics, management and surveillance of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

  • Updated: 1 August 2017
• Gastrointestinal bacteria clinical referral form

  Form L5 for identification of Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Escherichia coli, helicobacter, listeria and yersinia.
• Gastrointestinal bacteria food and environmental sample referral form

  Form L7 for the isolation, identification and toxin detection of clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus.
• How to chill, freeze and defrost food safely
  • Updated: 18 December 2017
• Full 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria (BA6237)

  Submit samples for full 16S rRNA genetic sequencing of bacteria for high-resolution identification and taxonomic placement.
• Gastrointestinal bacteria culture referral form

  Form L4 for identification of bacillus, C. botulinum, C. perfringens, C. tetani, campylobacter, E. coli, helicobacter, listeria, salmonella, shigella, vibrio and yersinia.
• AMRHAI bacterial identification request form

  Form M1 for submitting single isolates to bacterial identification section (BIDS).
• Vaccine preventable bacteria section request form

  Form (R3) for identification of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, bordetella, diphtheria and tetanus.
• Identify bacteria by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (BA6226)

  Submit samples for tests to identify bacteria isolated from animals or food using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.