Research and analysis
Annex 2: Table 3
Updated 28 June 2021
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| Study | Includes erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin | Includes outcome of interest (MCM, CVM or miscarriage) | Comparator | Included or excluded | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muanda FT, Sheehy O, Berard A. Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations: a population based cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(11):2557–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13364 | yes (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) | MCM, CVM | unexposed | included | N/A |
| Romoren M, Lindbaek M, Nordeng H. Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to erythromycin—a population‐based register study from Norway. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;74(6):1053–62. https ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365‐2125.2012.04286 .x. | yes (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) | MCM, CVM | unexposed | included | N/A |
| Cooper WO, Hernandez‐Diaz S, Arbogast PG, Dudley JA, Dyer SM, Gideon PS, et al. Antibiotics potentially used in response to bioterrorism and the risk of major congenital malformations. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2008;23(1):18–28. https ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365‐3016.2008.00978 .x | yes (azithromycin, erythromycin) | MCM | unexposed | included | N/A |
| Lund M, Pasternak B, Davidsen RB, Feenstra B, Krogh C, Diaz LJ, et al. Use of macrolides in mother and child and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g1908. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1908 | any macrolide | no (pyloric stenosis) | N/A (case-control) | excluded | did not study outcome of interest |
| Lê Nguyên T, Araujo M, Hurault‐Delarue C, Lacroix I, Damase‐Michel C, Sommet A. Teratogenic risk of macrolides during the first trimester of pregnancy: a study with two complementary approaches within the EFEMERIS database. Clin Ther. 2017;39(8):e11–2. | any macrolide | congenital malformations | unexposed women and women exposed to penicillin | excluded | no individual analysis per macrolide (also could only find an abstract so limited detail) |
| Einarson A, Phillips E, Mawji F, D’Alimonte D, Schick B, Addis A, et al. A prospective controlled multicentre study of clarithromycin in pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 1998;15(9):523–5. https ://doi.org/10.1055/s‐2007‐99405 3. | yes (clarithromycin) | MCM, miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) | women exposed to a nonteratogen with a similar indication to clarithromycin | excluded | mixed comparator group, only event rates presented |